The hornworts Notothylas orbicularis and Anthoceros neesii in Hessen (Germany) Uwe Drehwald Göttingen

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1 The hornworts Notothylas orbicularis and Anthoceros neesii in Hessen (Germany) Uwe Drehwald Göttingen

2 Notothylas orbicularis

3 Notothylas orbicularis

4 Notothylas orbicularis

5 Anthoceros neesii & A. agrestis

6 Anthoceros neesii

7 Both species grow exclusively on arable fields in summer and autumn

8 Anthoceros agrestis is very abundant on all fields with Notothylas

9 Notothylas orbicularis and Anthoceros neesii in Hessen Discovered in 1980 by Josef Futschig near Gedern in the Vogelsberg Mountains. Interest grew significantly when Notothylas orbicularis was included among the species listed in Appendix II of the EU Habitats Directive. Notothylas orbicularis is currently known from 64 fields, 51 in the Vogelsberg and 13 in the Westerwald. Anthoceros neesii is known from 45 fields, 33 in the Vogelsberg and 12 in the Westerwald. In Hessen restricted to basaltic areas with precipitation between 850 mm and 1050 mm. Both species grow exclusively on arable fields in summer and autumn.

10 Distribution of Notothylas orbicularis in Hessen

11 All our information about Notothylas is stored in a geographical information system (GIS)

12 There are likely more fields containing Notothylas than are currently known. Therefore search areas are defined with suitable climate and soil. In 2011, 18 additional fields with Notothylas have been found.

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14 Monitoring of Notothylas orbicularis Monitoring was conducted in 2007, 2010 and Growth period about 3 month. The number of specimens changes from year to year, depending on the amount of precipitation. Notothylas has a low tolerance to desiccation. In October 2011 most thalli died during a warm, dry period.

15 Notothylas orbicularis, Anthoceros agrestis and A. neesii

16 Notothylas orbicularis M Mean number of thalli per field

17 Number of fields containing Notothylas Notothylas orbicularis

18 Monitoring of Notothylas orbicularis Kriterien /Wertstufe Zustand der Population Populations größ e Kugel-Hornmoos (Notothylas orbicularis) A B C hervorragend gut mittel-schlecht > 100 Individuen auf einer Ackerfläche von 1 ha 10 bis 100 Individuen auf einer Ackerfläche von 1 ha < 10 Individuen auf einer Ackerfläche von 1 ha Habitatqualität hervorragend gut mittel-schlecht Nutzung Vergesell schaftu ng Sommergetreide (in Fruchtfolge) > 3 weitere typische Leberoder Hornmoosarten Wintergetreide-, Mais-, oder Rapsacker 1-3 weitere typische Leberoder Hornmoosarten anderweitig genutzte Fläche keine weiteren typischen Leber- oder Hornmoos arten Evaluation sheet Beeinträch tigung en Strohschicht hervorragend gut mittel-schlecht <10% der besiedelten Ackerfläche mit dichter Strohschicht bedeckt 10-30% der besiedelten Ackerfläche mit dichter Strohschicht bedeckt Umpflügen nach dem 1. November zwischen 1. Oktober und 1. November Düngung mit Mist oder Gülle Anbau von Zwischen frucht Düngung nur im Frühjahr auf ganzer Fläche kein Anbau von Zwischenfrucht Düngung nach der Ernte auf <30% der Ackerfläche Anbau von Zwischenfrucht auf <30% der Ackerfläche >30 % der besiedelten Ackerfläche mit dichter Strohschicht bedeckt vor dem 1. Oktober Düngung nach der Ernte auf >=30% der Ackerfläche Anbau von Zwischenfrucht auf >=30% der Ackerfläche Ernte vor dem 1. Oktober vor dem 1. Oktober nach dem 1. Oktober (Bsp.: Mais) Herbizid einsatz auf der gesamten besie delten Ackerfläche kein moosschädigendes Mittel Einsatz von moos schädigendem Mittel auf <30% der Ackerfläche Einsatz von moos schädigendem Mittel auf >=30% der Ackerfläche

19 Notothylas orbicularis Ov Result of evaluation of fields 2011

20 Notothylas orbicularis Result of evaluation, comparison between 2007, 2010 and 2011

21 Riccia warnstorfii & Phaeoceros carolinianus

22 Riccia bifurca

23 Riccia ciliata

24 Accompanying liver- and hornworts

25 Major threats for Notothylas: intensive land use Cultivation of winter crops Early ploughing Intertillage 2 nd crop for biogas plants Fertilization with liquid manure or dung in autumn Herbicides Conversion to grassland

26 Number of fields with/without impairments

27 Impairments

28 Organic farming: incompatible with the conservation of Notothylas and Anthoceros neesii All the fields are ploughed very soon after the harvest Intertillage Grass-clover ley Fertilization with liquid manure

29 Grass-clover ley without bryophytes

30 Arable field treated with Roundup

31 Riccia glauca damaged by Roundup

32 Conservation measures One designated protected area for Notothylas Contracts with farmers Acquisition of land

33 Contracts with farmers More than 50% of landowners are participating in the conservation of Notothylas orbicularis. The participants are required to grow summer crops only, and must not: plough before December, apply herbicides in autumn, fertilize with dung or liquid manure in autumn, or leave straw on the field after the harvest. The participants receive financial compensation for the reduction in yields. To avoid weed infestation, a different crop, such as a winter crop, may be grown on the fields every five years.

34 Acquisition of land The nature conservation authorities are currently planning to buy fields which are important for the conservation of Notothylas orbicularis and Anthoceros neesii. As these fields have to be managed, they will be leased to farmers. The farmers don t have to pay any rent, and can keep the harvest, but they have to manage the fields in an manner that is optimal for Notothylas and Anthoceros.

35 Acknowledgements Hessen-Forst FENA Hessisches Ministerium für Umwelt, Energie, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz