BIMification eine neue Herausforderung an die Bauinformatik
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- Pia Frida Berg
- vor 6 Jahren
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1 Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Construction Informatics, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Raimar J. Scherer BIMification eine neue Herausforderung an die Bauinformatik Prof. Raimar Scherer FBI, Dresden
2 Some best practice BIM examples Dubai Electricity & Water Authority HQ, VAE 2
3 Some best practice BIM examples Wuhan Wang Jia Dun Area and CBD, China 3
4 Some best practice BIM examples Dalian Software Park Harbour City, China 4
5 Was ist BIM? 5
6 BIM Einsatz in der Praxis Einbindung des Transrapid in den HBF München STAND 2003 Hauptbahnhof München 2003 Obermeyer Planen + Beraten, München IFC 2x2 60 MB Software: ADT 2004 (Autodesk) ArchiCAD 8 (Graphisoft) ArcGIS (ESRI) ALLPLAN (Nemetschek) Von OPB 6
7 Einsatz von BIM in der Praxis Wände Hbf, grau Bestand Hauptbahnhof München 2003 Obermeyer Planen + Beraten, München Bsp: Ausschreibung Hbf München / 2003 IFC 2x2 Komplexes (Um-) Bauvorhaben und 60 MB Infrastrukturmaßnahmen Vollständiges Software: ADT Modell 2004 in (Autodesk) IFC 2x2 (Obermeyer ArchiCAD Planen + 8 Beraten) (Graphisoft) ArcGIS (ESRI) Modellvolumen: ca. 60 MB ALLPLAN (Nemetschek) Software: ADT 2004 (Autodesk) ArchiCAD 8 (Graphisoft) ArcGIS (ESRI) Von OPB 7
8 Einsatz von BIM in der Praxis Hauptbahnhof München 2003 Obermeyer Planen + Beraten, München IFC 2x2 60 MB Software: ADT 2004 (Autodesk) ArchiCAD 8 (Graphisoft) ArcGIS (ESRI) ALLPLAN (Nemetschek) Drahtmodell Hbf Von OPB 8
9 Einsatz von BIM in der Praxis Hauptbahnhof München 2003 Obermeyer Planen + Beraten, München IFC 2x2 60 MB Software: ADT 2004 (Autodesk) ArchiCAD 8 (Graphisoft) ArcGIS (ESRI) ALLPLAN (Nemetschek) Übergang U4/U5 Von OPB 9
10 Einsatz von BIM in der Praxis Vom 3D-Modell können unterschiedliche Sichten abgeleitet werden Integration mit Umgebungsmodell Integration mit 2D-Modell Das 3D-Modell ist für die Planung und Koordination Die 2D-Pläne sind zur Bauausführung Aufgang West Expressaufzüge Aufgang Mitte Übergang U1 / U2 Aufgang Ost Von OPB 10
11 Was soll BIM sein? 11
12 BIM basiertes Arbeiten alle Informationen in einer Hand am Bauteil Oberfläche nd GUI Bauteile Räume Austattung Organisationsdaten Dokumenten- Kataloge Kosten Beziehungen zwischen Elementen 12
13 BIM basiertes Arbeiten alle Informationen in einer Hand am Bauteil alle Informationen in einer Hand über das Bauteil erreichbar Oberfläche nd GUI Bauteile Räume Austattung Organisationsdaten Dokumenten- Kataloge Kosten Beziehungen zwischen Elementen 13
14 Was soll BIM sein BIM ist die ganzheitliche Arbeitsweise mit allen Informationen des gesamten Baulebenszyklus in strukturierter, digitaler Form. Raimar Scherer,
15 Was soll BIM sein BIM ist die ganzheitliche Arbeitsweise mit allen Daten des gesamten Baulebenszyklus in strukturierter, digitaler Form. In dieser Aussage stecken zwei wesentliche Ansprüche. Zum einen sollen alle Daten in digitaler Form und damit in digitalen Modellen vorhanden sein, so dass die Modelle ausgetauscht, modifiziert und zusätzlich durch den Computer, d. h. durch Softwaresysteme geprüft, validiert und mit weiteren Informationen manuell und automatisch angereichert werden können. 15
16 Was ist BIM BIM ist die ganzheitliche Arbeitsweise mit allen Daten des gesamten Baulebenszyklus in strukturierter, digitaler Form. In dieser Aussage stecken zwei wesentliche Ansprüche. Zum anderen soll eine ganzheitliche Arbeitsweise möglich sein. Dies bedeutet, dass die digitalen Daten, sprich digitale Modelle, miteinander in Verbindung stehen und die Modelle keine singulären Informationsinseln bilden. Die Modelle müssen einerseits interoperabel sein, d. h. ihre Daten müssen gegenseitig austauschbar und vergleichbar sein. Somit müssen gleiche oder gegenseitig überführbare Datenmodelle und Datenformate vorliegen. Die Modelle und damit die Daten müssen andererseits untereinander verlinkt sein, um eineindeutig zu wissen, welche Daten und welche Informationen eine holistische, ganzheitliche Informationseinheit bilden. Erst damit ist sowohl ein anspruchsvolles, effizientes und ganzheitliches Arbeiten mit den Daten und den dazugehörigen Informationen als auch deren Management möglich. 16
17 BIM ist das virtuelle Bauwerksmodell Das Bauwerksmodell ist die Informationsdrehscheibe im Projektlebenszyklus 17
18 Basisinformation eines BIM Modells 1. Geometriemodell 18
19 Basisinformation eines BIM Modells 2. Topologiemodelle Räumliche (z.b. Wand Raum Geschoss Bauwerk) Zeitliche (Vorgänger Nachfolger) Finanzielle (Finanzierung Kosten Rechnung) Organisatorische (Bauherr Architekt Fachplaner Behörden Baufirma Unterauftragnehmer Zulieferer) 1. Geometriemodell 19
20 Basisinformation eines BIM Modells 2. Topologiemodelle Räumliche (z.b. Wand Raum Geschoss Bauwerk) Zeitliche (Vorgänger Nachfolger) Finanzielle (Finanzierung Kosten Rechnung) Organisatorische (Bauherr Architekt Fachplaner Behörden Baufirma Unterauftragnehmer Zulieferer) 1. Geometriemodell 3. Semantikmodell Alle Bauteile müssen einen Namen haben Allgemeingültige Datenstruktur z.b. Klassenname nach IFC 20
21 Basisinformation eines BIM Modells 2. Topologiemodelle Räumliche (z.b. Wand Raum Geschoss Bauwerk) Zeitliche (Vorgänger Nachfolger) Finanzielle (Finanzierung Kosten Rechnung) Organisatorische (Bauherr Architekt Fachplaner Behörden Baufirma Unterauftragnehmer Zulieferer) 1. Geometriemodell 3. Semantikmodell Alle Bauteile müssen einen Namen haben Allgemeingültige Datenstruktur z.b. Klassenname nach IFC 4. Kataloge: - Fertigteile - Einbauteile - Fassaden - Techn. Ausbau Semantik? 21
22 Informationsaufbausystem für BIM 1. Geometrie (Das ist die Eintrittskarte in BIM) 2. Semantik (Bezeichnung, Grundbemusterung, Katalogelemente) 3. Topologie (räumlich => Raumbuch) 4. Verhalten (erweiterte Semantik, Bemusterung) 5. Interoperabilität (Datenformate => Sprachproblem) 6. Verlinkung im Modell (Topologien, Gruppierungen) 7. Verlinkung zwischen Modellen (Partnerschaftlich) 8. Ontologie (mit Fachwissen schlussfolgern) 9. System (Vollständigkeit prüfen => Qualitätskontrolle) 10. Modelltransformation (Synchronisation) Stufe 1 Stufe 2 Stufe 3 Stufe 4 22
23 Geometrie 23
24 BIM Model Building Information Modelling ist mit allen 3D CAD Systemen möglich. Geometry Building Modelling ist mit allen 3D CAD Systemen möglich. Alle anderen Komponenten des BIM modelling ist mit ein paar wenigen Systemen möglich. Alle BIM Informationen sind (sollten) in einer Datenbank (BIM Server) gesichert werden 24
25 Brückenplanung in BIM IFC für Brücken gibt es nicht. Eine Brücke kann aber mit der IFC Proxy Klasse modelliert werden (= die semantiklose IFC Klasse) Von LAP 25
26 Brückenplanung in BIM Das Modell sieht aus wie eine Brücke. Es weiß aber nicht, dass es eine Brücke ist. Damit ist es für den Computer nur irgendein geometrisches Objekt Von LAP 26
27 Gebäudeplanung in BIM IFC Gebäude gibt es => ein Sematikmodell kann erstellt werden. Der Computer weiß exakt was für ein Gebäude es ist und welche Elemente es besitzt. Der Computer kann für Sie tätig werden Junge Semperoper, Dresden Von LAP 27
28 The computer can do an indoor CFD simulation for you and much more Initial stream lines Stream lines lower level Stream lines upper level 28
29 ivel- integrated Virtual Engineering Lab Automatische Analysen aus dem BIM Modell Modeller - CAD, Viewer Integrated Design Cycle BIM Management System - Filter, Mapper,. Integrated Analysis Cycle Numerical Engineering Analysis Manager - FEM,
30 ivel- integrated Virtual Engineering Lab Automatische Analysen aus dem BIM Modell (1) Modelling, (2) Management (3) Inspection (4) Control Integrated Design Cycle (7) collaboration manager, (8) platform kernel (10) numerical analysis (9) simulation management (6) BIM data management management BIM Management System - Filter, Mapper,. (5) domain model repositories Integrated Analysis Cycle Numerical Engineering Analysis Manager - FEM,
31 ivel- integrated Virtual Engineering Lab entwickelt zum BIM Design Lab Modeller - CAD, Viewer Gesteuert mit KPI Integrated Design Cycle BIM Management System - Filter, Mapper,. Integrated Analysis Cycle KPI Überprüfung Numerical Engineering Analysis Manager - FEM,
32 Semantik Die Sprache der virtuellen Welt 32
33 Semantikmodell Kein freies Modellieren mehr möglich. Die Eingabe aller Bauwerkselemente erfolgt über vorgegebene Begriffe. Die Eingabe der Semantik erfolgt i.d.r. zusammen mit der Geometrieeingabe. Nur wenige CAD Programme weltweit sprechen eine einheitliche Sprache (Semantik). Die Baucomputersprache heißt IFC Sie ist genormt in der ISO und wird ergänzt durch GAEB, das es nur in Deutschland gibt 33
34 Semantikeingabe Klasse: Wand Klassentyp: MW 36,5 WD 12,0 (= Stammdaten einer Wand) (CAD Hersteller spezifisch) 34
35 Semantikeingabe Klasse: Wand Klassentyp: MW 36,5 WD 12,0 (= Stammdaten einer Wand) Wand ist eine IFC Klasse MW 36,5 WD 12,0 ist die weitere Spezialisierung der Klasse Wand in Unterklassen. Dies ist in IFC durch die Klasse Klassentyp realisiert. Klassentype ist eine allgemeine Klasse deren Benennung bei der Verwendung durch den Anwender festgelegt wird. Dieser Name ist damit nicht Bestandteil der Sprache IFC und damit für andere nicht bekannt, d.h. ohne Bedeutung. Eine Standardisierung solche Klassentypen könnte über Industrievereinigungen oder Herstellerkataloge erfolgen. Der Anwender würde dann aus vorgegebenen Listen, die Industriestandards bilden, auswählen. (CAD Hersteller spezifisch) 35
36 Nachträgliche Erstellung des Semantikmodells 1. Eingabe der Elemente als reine Geometrieelemente mit ifcproxy 36 Von LAP
37 Nachträgliche Erstellung des Semantikmodells 2. Jedem Geometrieelement wird eine Klasse zugewiesen Von LAP 37
38 Nachträgliche Erstellung des Semantikmodells 3. Automatischen Ergänzung mit weiteren Parametern (Verhalten) Von LAP 38
39 Verhalten 39
40 Verhalten Festlegen des Verhaltens durch Eingabe weiterer Parameter Bspw. Eingabe der Materialeigenschaften des thermischen oder tragenden Verhaltens oder die Kosteneigenschaften, wie Aufwandswerte und Einheitskosten 40
41 Eingabe von Verhaltensinformationen z.b. der Tragfähigkeit in Form von Bewehrungsinformationen (aus Autodesk Revit) 41
42 Topologie 42
43 Topologie Für die organisierte Verwaltung ist es wichtig, dass alle Bauteile Räumen zugeordnet werden. Mehrere Räume bilden ein Stockwerk. Mehrere Stockwerke bilden das Gebäude Daneben gibt es noch weitere, wichtige organisatorische Zuordnungen, s. Verlinken 43
44 Topologie Die umschließenden Wände und Decken bilden das Objekt Raum. Das Objekt Raum ist die Verlinkung zum Raumbuch. (aus einem Markt CAD) 44
45 Topologie Nachbarschafts-System von Räumen (aus einem Markt CAD) 45
46 Topologie Flucht-System von Räumen (aus einem Markt CAD) 46
47 Verlinkung 47
48 BIM sind mehrere Modelle - 5D Gebäudemodell Alle nur denkbaren Informationen in ein Modell zu legen, führt zu einem nicht mehr beherrschbaren Informationswust. Leistungsmodell Informationen sind in Fachmodelle zu bündeln sind von Fachpersonen zu pflegen sind einer eindeutigen Verantwortung zu unterstellen. Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So Terminmodell Das virtuelle Gebäude wird i.d.r. als Informationsdrehscheibe benutzt 48
49 Mehrere Modelle verlinkt bilden ein Multimodell Gebäudemodell Die Fachmodelle sind über ein oder mehrere separate Linkmodelle gezielt zu verlinken. Leistungsmodell Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So Terminmodell Linkmodell Es entstehen aufgabenbezogene Multimodelle. Das eine allumfassende Multimodell kann daraus erzeugt werden, wird jedoch von niemandem gebraucht und kann von niemandem gepflegt werden. Multimodell 49
50 Jedes Modelle kann ein eignes Datenformat besitzen IFC Gebäudemodell GAEB Leistungsmodell Linkmodell Das 5D Modell ist ein Multimodell. Die 5D Informationen sind auf mehrere Fachmodelle mit verschiedenen Datenformaten verteilt. Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So ics Terminmodell Multimodell 50
51 Fachmodelle bilden Multimodelle Fachmodelle Prozessmodell Multimodelle 51
52 Modellzustände LOD Level of Detail LoD Level of Development 52
53 Multimodel Container Multimodel Container Domain model 1 A Multimodel Container contains Domain Models They remain unchanged No link info added A responsible person Linkmodell 1 Linkmodel 2 domain d, matter m, format f, level of detail l, phase p, status s, resp r Domain model 2 domain d, matter m, format f, level of detail l, phase p, status, resp r s Domain model 3 domain d, matter m, format f, level of detail l, phase p, status s, resp r Linkmodel are explicit and seperate Contain several links a link links n elements of m domain models several Linkmodels are possible domain d, format f, phase p, status s, responsible r Meta Data container task description semantic vocabulary list of responsible persons Multimodel Containers are perfect task planners 53
54 A Multimodel querry Provide the price of the column of story 16 errected on Not several querries are necessary but only one and an automatic search in several models will happen Multimodels are going to become a buildingsmart and an ISO standard. 54
55 Multimodell der Arbeitsvorbereitung 55
56 Simulation Study: formwork pallets replacement 56
57 Clash detection for concreting with cranes and pumps With the Multimodel you get this all for nothing 57
58 Composition of a crane from crane library of components Who will provide this equipement catalog? 58
59 BIM für Umbau und Ertüchtigung benötigt einen neuen Arbeitsprozess zum Aufbau eines BIM 59
60 BIM for Retrofitting 1. Retrofitting of the old building stock for improved energy performance 41% of the total energy use in the EU is from building use The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive of the EU (EPBD 2010/2012) and its 2016 update specify the application of various requirements to existing buildings and building elements subject to retrofitting towards achievement of near zero energy housing at cost-optimal level Main target: Buildings of the period s when a large number of low quality residential tower blocks have been built (poor designs, simple architectural layout, repetitive concrete exteriors, numerous technical deficiencies) 60
61 BIM for Retrofitting 2. Retrofitting of road bridges from the s Example Germany Number of bridges : 39,106 Total length: 2,089,020 m Total area: 30,033,018 m 2 61
62 BIM for Retrofitting 2. Retrofitting of road bridges from the s Source: BASt / BMVBS 62
63 BIM for Retrofitting 2. Retrofitting of road bridges from the s ~40% require urgently retrofitting measures with another nearly 40% to join soon 63
64 BIM for Retrofitting Efficient retrofitting (or refurbishment) strategies require a solid information basis about the facility and its past and future use, including the expected usage behaviour in the planned new technological environment. Such an information basis can be provided by BIM 64
65 BIM for Retrofitting Efficient retrofitting (or refurbishment) strategies require a solid information basis about the facility and its past and future use, including the expected usage behaviour in the planned new technological environment. Such an information basis can be provided by BIM 65
66 BIM for Retrofitting Efficient retrofitting (or refurbishment) strategies require a solid information basis about the facility and its past and future use, including the expected usage behaviour in the planned new technological environment. Unfortunately, for most existing facilities BIM documentation does not exist. Therefore, it is necessary to first create the BIM model of the facility, correctly interpreting its actual state. 66
67 The BIMification Process 67
68 BIM for Retrofitting Definition BIMification is the process to obtain from an existing real facility a 3D BIM, preferably based on the standard ISO data schema (IFC), while taking into account the actual state and performance parameters of the facility Note BIMification is more than just (re-)constructing the model from old 2D drawings or laser point clouds 68
69 The BIMification Process Three-stage design process of existing buildings is Anamnesis Diagnosis Therapy (ADT) adapting and redefining a contemporary approach for the rehabilitation of cultural heritage (see: van Balen & Vestringe, 2016: Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions: Anamnesis, Diagnosis, Therapy, Controls; Proc. 10th Int. Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions, Leuven, Belgium, Sep. 2016) BIMification BIM Anamnesis Diagnosis Therapy Inspection Semantic Model Building System Behaviour Rehabilitation Strategies Retrofitting Alternatives Decision Making 69
70 BIMification and BIM process for building renovation defining the ADT processes Anamnesis Diagnosis BIMification basic advanced extended Therapy BIM Geo A1 Enhanced Methods Neighborhood A2 Element A3 Behavior A4 Gap D1 New Methods Variability D2 Potential T1 Alternatives T2 Enhanced Methods Decision Final T3 Detailing T4 70
71 BIMification and BIM and CPS process for buildings defining the ADTC processes Anamnesis Diagnosis BIMification basic advanced extended Therapy BIM Controll BIMC Geo A1 Enhanced Methods Neighborhood A2 Element A3 Behavior A4 Gap D1 New Methods Variability D2 BIM Entwurf und BIM Ausführung BIM FM Potential T1 Alternatives T2 Enhanced Methods Decision Final T3 Detailing T4 robust nachhaltig 71
72 The BIMification Process The Result of implementing the suggested process will be a BIM Retrofitting Lab 72
73 Anamnesis 73
74 The Anamnesis Process Anamnesis is dedicated to the survey and collection of facts about the constructed facility It comprises 5 tasks: Geometrical BIMification Topological BIMification Environment BIMification Element BIMification Behaviour BIMification Geometrical model extracted by observation Topological model, providing the adjacencies of elements and spaces Model of relevant infrastructure and neighbourhood information Structured geometrical model in correctly assembled as-built elements in IFC Semantically enriched building elements with information about their behaviour based on a system identification method Basic BIMification Advanced BIMification 74
75 The Anamnesis Process in Building Energy Performance Retrofitting Using Point Cloud Data from 3D Laser Scanning Source: TrueCADD Educational Centre, London, UK Laser Point Cloud Geometrical model 75
76 The Anamnesis Process in Building Energy Performance Retrofitting Automated geometric reconstruction of office data set (1) point cloud segmentation (2) topology primitives (3) induced cell complex Source: Sahin C. (2915): Planar segmentation of indoor terrestrial laser scanning point clouds via distance function from a point to a plane, Optics and Lasers in Engineering 01/2015 (4) wireframe model & overlaid point cloud (5) final 3D model 76
77 The Anamnesis Process in Building Energy Performance Retrofitting Currently there are several companies offering Point Cloud to BIM services; one of the veterans in the domain is e.g. Point Cloud They offer: Point Cloud 3D Modelling from 3D Laser Scanning Surface Reconstruction from Point Cloud Data Creating Revit Geometry from Point Cloud Data covering quite well geometrical, topological, environment and element BIMification Geometrical Model Hand made Element Model (Revit) 77
78 The Anamnesis Process in Building Energy Performance Retrofitting Gathering and analysis of performance and environmental as-is data (temperature, moisture, radiation, CO 2 emissions ) Providing relevant system identification inputs through non-destructive examination Source: CEMOSA, Spain Auditoría Limoneros, Malaga 78
79 The Anamnesis Process in Building Energy Performance Retrofitting Draft Building Model with appropriately identified building elements (Element BIMification) Unknown information is provided via knowledge templates (materials used, element composition, façade and roof construction, insulations, MEP system parameters etc.) Greyhound model approach combining a simplified physical system with a data mining method 79
80 The Anamnesis Process in Building Energy Performance Retrofitting Geometrical to Element BIMification BIM-CAD BIM Annotator Ontology Generator Knowledge Templates Retrieval Semantic model enrichment & model transformation (BIM to SIM) Simulation Model Mapping 80
81 The Anamnesis Process in Building Energy Performance Retrofitting Simulation-based system identification (Behaviour BIMification) BIM-CAD BIM Annotator Ontology Generator Knowledge Templates Retrieval Semantic model enrichment & model transformation (BIM to SIM) Simulation Model Mapping Variant Reduction Simulation cycle Convergence check Evaluation Result comparison as-is to-be 1000 th of Simulation Simulation Configurator Parameterisation Visualisation Measured (as-is) data as-is data & variant parameters mostly correspond in location & type 81
82 The Anamnesis Process in Bridge Retrofitting Inspecting the bridge structure Studying existing drawings Sources: LAP, Germany Branch office Dresden & TU Dresden 82
83 The Anamnesis Process in Bridge Retrofitting Gathering & analysis of performance and environmental as-is data Example: Rhine bridge "Köln Mühlheim" Source: LAP, Germany Headquarters Stuttgart 83
84 The Anamnesis Process in Bridge Retrofitting Gathering & analysis of performance and environmental as-is data Example: Rhine bridge "Köln Mühlheim Stress/strain sensors / Traffic load monitoring (Hand Identification) System identification & Load identification 84
85 The Anamnesis Process in Bridge Retrofitting Gathering & analysis of performance and environmental as-is data Example: Rhine bridge "Köln Mühlheim Dedicated load tests for model calibration Vollsperrung der Brücke notwendig 85
86 The Anamnesis Process in Bridge Retrofitting Gathering & analysis of performance and environmental as-is data Example: Rhine bridge "Köln Mühlheim Dedicated load tests for model calibration Messung im Vergleich zur Berechnung (Simulation) 86
87 The Anamnesis Process in Bridge Retrofitting Simulation-based system identification Starting with a fast 2D analysis method proceed with a 3D FEM Anticipated damages added to observed data via knowledge patterns based on available past experience Damage patterns 87
88 The Anamnesis Process in Bridge Retrofitting Geometrical to Element BIMification BIM-CAD BIM Annotator Ontology Generator Knowl.-based damage patterns Semantic model enrichment & model transformation (BIM to SIM) Simulation Model Mapping 88
89 The Anamnesis Process in Bridge Retrofitting Simulation-based system identification (Behaviour BIMification) BIM-CAD BIM Annotator Ontology Generator Knowl.-based damage patterns Semantic model enrichment & model transformation (BIM to SIM) Simulation Model Mapping Variant Reduction Simulation cycle Convergence check Evaluation Result comparison as-is to-be 1000 th of Simulation Simulation Configurator Parameterisation Visualisation Monitored (as-is) data as-is data & variant parameters differ in location and type! 89
90 Diagnosis 90
91 The Diagnosis Process Diagnosis is dedicated to the analysis and interpretation of the collected facts to obtain the necessary understanding of the current performance and plan adequate retrofitting measures It comprises 2 tasks: Gap BIMification Variability BIMification Identifying elements and subsystems with critical or bad performance Identifying of elements and subsystems of high/low response to possible changes, accomplished by means of dedicated sensitivity analyses Extended BIMification 91
92 The Diagnosis Process in Building Energy Performance Retrofitting Gap BIMification should reveal weaknesses in the construction of the building and its technical systems This includes: Possible moisture problems due to material deterioration High energy consumption Excessive temperatures Insufficient window/door insulation etc. Accomplished e.g. with the help of performance analysis software using passive thermal simulation and a specialized GUI to guide the user in the gap detection process Source: CEMOSA, Spain Auditoría Limoneros, Malaga 92
93 The Diagnosis Process in Building Energy Performance Retrofitting Detecting operative temperature problems on zone level 93
94 The Diagnosis Process in Building Energy Performance Retrofitting Detecting heat conduction gains on zone level Source: EU Project ISES Young Opera House Dresden, Germany 94
95 Detecting gaps by means of thermographic analysis using a thermal camera The Diagnosis Process in Building Energy Performance Retrofitting Source: T. Grillo, itemlive.com, 26 July 2016 (left) A. Perschk & Schünemann C., TU Dresden, Internal Report, 2015 (right) 95
96 The Diagnosis Process in Building Energy Performance Retrofitting Variability BIMification should find the sensitivity of building elements and technical equipment to changes in order to determine as early as possible promising retrofitting targets or reject inefficient measures Accomplished by applying "What-if" scenarios using a sensitivity analysis approach and both energy and LCC simulations Enabled by (1) Variation matrix, providing for automated variant specification (2) Cloud computing, providing for parallel processing of hundreds of generated variants (3) Automated evaluation of the effects of each parameter variation on the basis of defined Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) 96
97 The Diagnosis Process in Building Energy Performance Retrofitting The Variation Matrix captures all parameter variations that need to be examined on the basis of the Gap Analysis result Creation of sensitivity analysis variants (pre-processing), their processing on a compute cloud environment and their evaluation followed by variant grouping and reduction (post-processing) take place in fully automated manner Target List Variables Assignment Groups The Variation Matrix is defined in XML It can be used both for sensitivity analysis within the BIMification process and for Variant Analysis in the later Retrofitting Design process Combinations 97
98 The Diagnosis Process in Building Energy Performance Retrofitting Variant reduction is done iteratively based on the significance of each parameter to the energy efficiency metric expressed via the KPIs Measured 68 parameters in total Only 15 parameters remaining significant to be further examined with regard to the building energy rating (BER), i.e. contribution > 2% 98
99 The Diagnosis Process in Building Energy Performance Retrofitting Further reduction (and combination) of parameters for later examination as design variants is done via filters defined using parallel coordinate plot visualisation Source: EU Project ISES Decision Support Tool Granlund Oy, Finland 99
100 The Diagnosis Process in Bridge Retrofitting Basically, the Diagnosis Process in Bridge Retrofitting follows the same steps as shown for building energy performance retrofitting above However: Potential weak points are determined through continuous monitoring and/or querying a knowledge base of bridge structure types and related damage patterns and occurrence probability Sensitivity analysis is carried out in similar manner as for system identification but taking into account damage development over time Some possible damage areas box girder bridge 100
101 The Diagnosis Process in Bridge Retrofitting Unlike building energy performance retrofitting the diagnosis process for bridge retrofitting requires continuous comparison of monitored vs. computed crack propagation because the computed best fit may change over a time span Variant Reduction Simulation cycle Convergence check Evaluation Result comparison as-is to-be 1000 th of Simulation Simulation Configurator Visualisation Monitored (as-is) data 101
102 The Diagnosis Process in Bridge Retrofitting Unlike building energy performance retrofitting the diagnosis process for bridge retrofitting requires continuous comparison of monitored vs. computed crack propagation because the computed best fit may change over a time span Variant Reduction Simulation cycle Convergence check Evaluation Result comparison as-is to-be Simulation Simulation Configurator Visualisation t + t Anticipated damage at t + t Monitored (as-is) data Plausibility Check t + t New Best Fit Select 102
103 Therapy 103
104 The Therapy Process Once created, BIM can be used in the Therapy Process in much the same way as in the design of new facilities The difference is that, because the model has not been created directly in CAD, use of knowledge templates for exploration of design variants may be more necessary, especially in the early design phase 104
105 The Therapy Process Creating design variants using templates Source: EU Project eeembedded 105
106 The Therapy Process Creating design variants using templates λ R =0,09 W/mK Exploring wall options Source: EU Project eeembedded 106
107 The Therapy Process Creating design variants using templates Source: EU Project eeembedded 107
108 The Therapy Process Creating design variants using templates Source: EU Project eeembedded 108
109 Functional ICT Concept 109
110 Principal Concept 4 Application Cycles Design & Verification Cycle Knowledge Cycle (Knowledge Services) Analysis & Simulation Cycle (Compute Services) System Identification Cycle (BIMification) 110
111 Principal Concept 1 supporting Kernel Cycle = BIM Services Design & Verification Cycle Knowledge Cycle (Knowledge Services) System & Model Management Cycle BIM Services Analysis & Simulation Cycle (Compute Services) System Identification Cycle (BIMification) 111
112 High Level Functional ICT Architecture of Kernel BIM Lab collaboration & process manager BIM Services System Ontology Multi-Models Manipulator Filter simulation management Simulation M. Generator + Mapper Simulation Controller Versioning Combiner Cloud/Grid Access domain model repositories Sensor BIM data Systemrepository Models BIM Libraries Results Repository + MM- Wrapper
113 High Level Functional ICT Architecture BIM BIM-CAD Modelling Navigation and Steering Design Cycle Collaboration & process management services BIM Services Model Management Cycle Simulation management services Numerical Cycle BIM - I/O Numerical Component Numerical Computation Tools: - Thermal - Moisture - Fluid dyn. - Structural - LCA - LCC Domain model repositories BIM, ESIM, BEM etc. BIM Kernel Platform TU Dresden, Institute of Construction Informatics, Prof. CAD-based Dr.-Ing. Raimar J. Scherer Virtual Design 113Lab
114 High Level Functional ICT Architecture Knowledge Component Knowledge Inference Computation Knowledge bases Templates - Detailing - Ext. data - Strategies Knowledge Cycle BIM BIM-CAD Modelling BIM Services Domain model repositories BIM, ESIM, BEM etc. Navigation and Steering Design Cycle Collaboration & process management services Model Management Cycle Simulation management services Numerical Cycle BIM - I/O Numerical Component Numerical Computation (CLOUD) Tools: - Thermal - Moisture - Fluid dyn. - Structural - LCA - LCC BIM Kernel Platform TU Dresden, Institute of Construction Informatics, Knowledge-based Prof. Dr.-Ing. Raimar J. Scherer Virtual Design 114Lab
115 High Level Functional ICT Architecture BIM Lab Knowledge Component Knowledge Inference Computation Knowledge bases Templates - Detailing - Ext. data - Strategies - Old Constr. Knowledge Cycle BIM Therapy BIM-CAD Modelling BIM Services Domain model repositories BIM, ESIM, BEM etc. Navigation, Inspection and Steering Design Cycle Collaboration & process management services Model Management Cycle Simulation management services Numerical Cycle BIM - I/O Numerical Component Numerical Computation (CLOUD) Tools: - Thermal - Moisture - Fluid dyn. - Structural - LCA - LCC BIM Kernel Platform Anamnesis BIMification BIMification Cycle Diagnosis BIMification Lab 115
116 Virtual Lab Platform for ee-design Source: eeembedded project 116
117 Support behind 117
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