New or interesting records of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi from northern Germany

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1 Herzogia 23 (1), 2010: New or interesting records of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi from northern Germany Ulf Schiefelbein, Uwe de Bruyn, Christian Dolnik, Gregor Stolley & Patrick Neumann Abstract: Schiefelbein, U., de Bruyn, U., Dolnik, C., Stolley, G. & Neumann, P New or interesting records of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi from northern Germany. Herzogia 23: Records of 19 lichen-forming ascomycetes and two lichenicolous fungi from northern Germany are presented. Bacidia scopulicola and Caloplaca verruculifera are new to Germany; Collemopsidium foveolatum and Verrucaria striatula are reported from Germany for the first time after more than 50 years, as is Dactylosporum tegularum after more than 100 years. Caloplaca albolutescens is recorded from Lower Saxony for the first time, whereas Bacidia friesiana has been rediscovered after more than 80 years. Agonimia vouauxii, Arthonia phaeobaea, Bacidina inundata, Dactylospora tegularum, and Verrucaria elaeina are new to Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Agonimia vouauxii, Belonia incarnata, and Collema bachmanianum are new to Schleswig-Holstein. Arthonia phaeobaea and Ramalina siliquosa have been rediscovered in Schleswig-Holstein after more than 50 years. Zusammenfassung: Schiefelbein, U., de Bruyn, U., Dolnik, C., Stolley, G. & Neumann, P Neue und bemerkenswerte Funde von flechtenbildenden und flechtenbewohnenden Pilzen aus Norddeutschland. Herzogia 23: Es wird über das Vorkommen von 19 lichenisierten Ascomyceten und zwei lichenicolen Pilzen in Norddeutschland berichtet. Bacidia scopulicola und Caloplaca verruculifera sind neu für Deutschland; Collemopsidium foveolatum und Verrucaria striatula stellen Wiederfunde für Deutschland nach mehr als 50 Jahren dar, wohingegen Dactylosporum tegularum nach mehr als 100 Jahren wiedergefunden wurde. Caloplaca albolutescens ist neu für Niedersachsen, während Bacidia friesiana nach mehr als 80 Jahren wiedergefunden wurde. Agonimia vouauxii, Arthonia phaeobaea, Bacidina inundata, Dactylospora tegularum und Verrucaria elaeina sind neu für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern und Agonimia vouauxii, Belonia incarnata und Collema bachmanianum neu für Schleswig-Holstein. Arthonia phaeobaea und Ramalina siliquosa wurden nach über 50 Jahren erstmals wieder aus Schleswig-Holstein nachgewiesen. Key words: Lichenized fungi, biodiversity, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Introduction The knowledge about the lichen flora of northern Germany has strongly improved during the past two decades. Jacobsen (1992) published a survey of the lichen flora of Schleswig-Holstein, as did Hauck (1996) for Lower Saxony and Litterski (1999) for Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. In addition, many papers have been published presenting the results of lichenological field studies. Thus, the number of known species increased substantially. For example, the number of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi known from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania was 540 in 1995 (Litterski 1996), but 650 species in 2007 (Litterski & Schiefelbein 2007). In Schleswig-Holstein, the species number increased from 585 in 1997 (Jacobsen 1997) to

2 86 Herzogia 23 (1), in 2010 (Dolnik et al. 2010). These changes are partly due to well-known species newly discovered in the area and partly the consequence of new species circumscriptions. In the present paper, records of rare species, new records or reports on rediscoveries of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi from northern Germany or one of its federal states are compiled. Study area The study area covers the northern German lowlands in the federal states of Bremen, Hamburg, Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Mecklenburg- Vorpommern), and Schleswig-Holstein. Important landscapes include marshes and wetlands along the coasts of the North and Baltic Seas, the lowlands with their ground and end moraines, sandurs, glacial valleys, bogs, and swamps. The northeastern lowlands were formed during the Wechselian glaciation, whereas the western and southwestern lowlands are old moraine landscapes of the Saale glacial period. Material and methods Cited specimens are kept in the private herbaria of U. de Bruyn (Br), C. Dolnik (Do), P. Neumann (Ne), U. Schiefelbein (Sc), G. Stolley (St) and in BM. Lichen substances of some specimens were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using solvent A (Culberson & Ammann 1979). The species Agonimia vouauxii (B.de Lesd.) M.Brand & Diederich Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 2750/2, district Uecker-Randow, Randow valley, Esker Schwarze Berge, approx. 2 km S of Grünz, 53 15'54''N/14 07'21''E, U. Schiefelbein, (Sc); Schleswig-Holstein: 1225/1, district Schleswig-Flensburg, nature reserve Geltinger Birk, Birk Nack, 54 47'51''N/09 54'30''E, C. Dolnik & U. de Bruyn, , conf. P. Diederich (Br, Do); 1326/1, district Schleswig-Flensburg, nature reserve Oehe- Schleimünde, 54 40'48''N/10 02'04''E, C. Dolnik, (Do); 1527/4, district Plön, nature reserve Bottsand, shingle beach, 54 25'15''N/10 16'46''E, C. Dolnik as Thelenella muscorum, , rev. C. Dolnik (Do); 1630/1, district Plön, Baltic Sea coast near Howacht, 54 18'50''N/10 40'48''E, C. Dolnik, (Do). New to Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Schleswig-Holstein. In Schleswig-Holstein on plant debris of beach grasses and Zostera marina-litter in coastal grasslands and on shingle beaches, in Mecklenburg-Western-Pomerania on basic-rich soil in a species-rich pioneer vegetation. In northern Germany Agonimia vouauxii has only been recorded from the East Frisian islands (Hauck et al. 2009). Arthonia phaeobaea (Norman) Norman Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 1346/2, Rügen, boulder beach N of Putgarten, 54 41'00''N/13 25'07''E, U. Schiefelbein, (Sc); 1548/3, Rügen, E of Granitzer Ort, approx. 3 km E of Binz, 54 23'57''N/13 38'21''E, U. Schiefelbein, (Sc); Schleswig-Holstein: 1122/4, Flensburg, Fördeufer Waldeshöh-Solitüde, 54 49'21''N/09 29'05''E, C. Dolnik & U. Schiefelbein, (Do, Sc). New to the German Baltic Sea coast and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania; rediscovered in Schleswig- Holstein after more than 50 years. In the upper geolittoral zone on siliceous coastal boulders lying on sand beaches. Arthonia phaeobaea is mostly sterile, but in Flensburg apothecia were found. The thallus covers large areas of up to several square decimeters at all localities. Previous findings are from the first half of the 20 th century from Sankt Peter-Ording, Cuxhaven and the island of Neuwerk (Erichsen 1957). In the recent past, the species has been found on the East Frisian island of Wangerooge, Lower Saxony (Hauck et al. 2009) and on the island of Neuwerk, Hamburg (Ernst 1993). Bacidia friesiana (Hepp) Körb. Lower Saxony: 2308/1, East Frisean islands, Juist, near Ostbake, 53 41'02''N/07 04'34''E, U. de Bruyn, (Br).

3 Schiefelbein et al.: Lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi from northern Germany 87 Thought to be extinct in Lower Saxony. In small quantities with Lecania naegelii on the bark of Sambucus nigra. The last records for Lower Saxony date back to the early 20 th century (Hauck 1996). Litterski (1993) already published a recent record of B. friesiana from northern Germany from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania where the species grows on coastal elder-sea buckthorn shrubs on the island of Rügen. Bacidia polychroa (Th.Fr.) Körb. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 1950/3, Usedom, coastal cliff between Ückeritz and Kölpinsee, E of the campingplace Kölpinsee, 54 01'54''N/14 02'36''E, U. Schiefelbein, (Sc). Second record from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Abundant on the bark of Lonicera xylosteum occurring at the upper edge of a coastal soft rock cliff, directly next to a beech forest. Bacidia polychroa is an extremely rare and strongly endangered species of old woodlands, which is limited to the island of Rügen within northern Germany (Litterski 1993). Bacidia scopulicola (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. Lower Saxony: 2208/4, East Frisean islands, Norderney, stone packing southeast of the harbour, 53 42'01''N/07 09'55''E, U. de Bruyn, (Br); Schleswig-Holstein: 1419/3, North Frisean islands, Nordstrand, G. Stolley, (St). New to Germany. In Lower Saxony on dead Armeria maritima tufts and soil in the sea spray zone together with Agonimia vouauxii, on the North Frisean islands on stone packing of the sea dyke. The species is generally restricted to the xeric-supralittoral zone (Coppins & Aptroot 2009). The lack of suitable habitats along the German coast suggests that B. scopulicola is a very rare species in Germany. Bacidina inundata (Fr.) Vězda Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 1447/1, Rügen, Jasmund, soft cliff N of Nardewitz, 54 34'49''N/13 33'40''E, U. Schiefelbein, (Sc). New to Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. On siliceous rocks in a small stream, which is located in a deeply incised valley and surrounded by beech forest. In northern Germany, B. inundata is widespread on siliceous rock in fast flowing streams of the Harz and Solling Mountains, southern Lower Saxony (Hauck 1996), but rather rare in lowlands. More rarely, Bacidina inundata also grows on anthropogenic substrates (e.g. bricks, concrete), for example, on dykes and bridges (Erichsen 1957, Hauck 1996, Ernst 1997). Belonia incarnata Th.Fr. & Graewe ex Th.Fr. Schleswig-Holstein: 1927/2, district Segeberg, gravel pit east of Damsdorf, 54 03'41''N/10 19'08''E, C. Dolnik, (Do 1525). First record for Schleswig-Holstein. On algae layer over Physcia tenella, which grew on granite rock. Although B. incarnata is relatively easy to identify because of its large ascospores (150 4 µm), there are only a few records from Germany (Scholz 2000). The species grows on humus- and nutrient-rich soils, living and decaying bryophytes as well as on algal films over peat on mine spoil heaps (Wirth 1995, Purvis & Orange 2009). Caloplaca albolutescens (Nyl.) H.Olivier Lower Saxony: 2212/1, East Frisean islands, Spiekeroog, sea dyke on the westside of the island ''Hessenwand'', U. de Bruyn, (Br). New to northern Germany. On mortar between sandstone rocks in the upper sea spray zone with abundant apothecia. Caloplaca luteoalba (Turner) Th.Fr. Schleswig-Holstein: 1123/3, district Schleswig-Flensburg, Munkbrarup, on bark of Aesculus hippocastanum, associated with Caloplaca phlogina, 54 48'04,3''N/09 33'44,7''E, C. Dolnik, (Do 1454); 1731/1, Ostholstein, alley between Sebent and Damlos, on a single old tree of Ulmus glabra, 54 15'21''N/10 53'48,6''E, C. Dolnik & P. Neumann, (Do 1535). Caloplaca luteoalba is a very rare species in northern Germany, which is close to extinction because of the loss of suitable habitats. The species prefers bark of solitary and wayside trees, especially of Ulmus

4 88 Herzogia 23 (1), 2010 sp. Many of these trees have been felled, often connected with elm disease. In the early 20 th century, Erichsen (1957) reported C. luteoalba from a few locations from Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony. Caloplaca pyracea (Ach.) Th.Fr. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 2348/3, district Uecker-Randow, S of the lake ''Galenbecker See'', approx. 3 km NW of Heinrichswalde, 53 38'38''N/13 44'12''E, U. Schiefelbein, , conf. U. Arup (Sc); Schleswig- Holstein: 1626/4, Kiel, University, Populus tremula wood near Leibnitzstr., 54 20'44''N/10 06'32''E, C. Dolnik, (Do 557); 1826/3, district Rendsburg-Eckernförde, nature reserve ''Dosenmoor'', 54 07'44''N/10 02'57''E, C. Dolnik, (Do 709). On young twigs and branches of Populus alba and P. tremula. Records of Caloplaca specimens from northern Germany have been repeatedly published under the name C. pyracea in the past (e.g. Grummann 1935, Erichsen 1936, 1957), but it is not certain which of them belong to this taxon in its current circumscription by Arup (2009). Therefore, we publish the above records of C. pyracea s. str. from Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Caloplaca verruculifera (Vain.) Zahlbr. Schleswig-Holstein: 1122/4, North Frisia, Beltringharder Koog, sea dyke near the bathing site Lüttmoorsiel, 54 33'38''N/08 52'13''E, U. de Bruyn, C. Dolnik, U. Schiefelbein & G. Stolley, (specimen not collected, reference photo in Dolnik et al. 2010). New to Germany. This rather conspicuous and easily recognizable species occurs on the top of the sea dyke in the epilittoral zone. Only one thallus could be detected. The closest known other localities are in Denmark (eastern and north-eastern Jutland, Zealand; Søchting & Alstrup 2008) and France (Brittany; A. M. Brand, pers. comm.). Collema bachmanianum (Fink) Degel. var. bachmanianum Schleswig-Holstein: 1527/3, district Plön, Laboe, near trail to Marine memorial Laboe, 54 24'43''N/10 13'46''E, C. Dolnik, (Do 1553). New to Schleswig-Holstein, but probably overlooked and not distinguished from C. tenax. On loamy sand, associated with Ceratodon purpureus and Peltigera rufescens. Member of the C. tenax group but distinguished from C. tenax s. str. by larger spores ( µm) and the conspicuous crenulate thalline margins of apothecia (Jørgensen 2007). Previously reported from the northern German lowlands from East Frisia, Lower Saxony (de Bruyn et al. 2005). Collemopsidium foveolatum (A.L.Sm.) F.Mohr Lower Saxony: 2209/3, East Frisean islands, Norderney, sea dyke Südstrandpolder, 53 42'25''N/07 10'36''E, U. de Bruyn, (Br); 2210/3, East Frisean islands, Baltrum, sea dyke near Westdorf, 53 43'25''N/07 21'50''E, U. de Bruyn, (Br); 2211/3, East Frisean islands, Langeoog, stone packing around harbour, 53 43'52''N/07 30'16''E, U. de Bruyn, (Br); 2212/1, East Frisean islands, Spiekeroog, stone packing around harbour, 53 45'54''N/07 41'45''E, U. de Bruyn, (Br); 2213/2, East Frisean islands, Wangerooge, sea dyke, 53 46'41''N/07 52'10''E, U. de Bruyn, (Br); 2406/1, East Frisean islands, Borkum, stone packing around harbour, 53 33'41''N/06 44'34''E, U. de Bruyn, (Br); Schleswig-Holstein: 1217/3, North Frisean islands, island of Föhr, Wyk, pumping station N of Wyk, 54 42'01''N/08 34'30''E, C. Dolnik & U. Schiefelbein, (Do 1559, Sc); 1217/4, North Frisean islands, island of Föhr, Boldixum, sea dyke between Vogelkoje Boldixum and Nilshörn, 54 43'23''N/08 35'28,25''E, U. Schiefelbein, (Sc); 1216/3, North Frisean islands, island of Föhr, Utersum, sea dyke between Utersum and Groß Dunsum, 54 43'27''N/08 24'04,2''E, U. Schiefelbein, (Sc); 1918/4, Dithmarschen, Trischendamm, on barnacles, 54 01'33''N/08 49'35''E, C. Dolnik, (Do 1434). Rediscovered in Germany. On sea dykes inhabiting Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and barnacles (Balanus spec.) in the upper eulittoral zone and littoral fringe. Keissler (1937) regarded this species as a form of Collemopsidium sublitorale (Leight.) Grube & B.D.Ryan, and Erichsen (1957) mentioned that most specimens collected under the name of C. sublitorale could be treated under that form. Investigations on the marine Collemopsidium species by Mohr et al. (2004) revealed distinct morphological and genetical differences between these two species. Collemopsidium foveolatum is widely distributed at the German North Sea coast and much more common than C. sublitorale. Dactylospora tegularum (Arnold) Hafellner Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 2432/1, district Ludwigslust, Döbbersen, churchyard, 53 34'46''N/11 04'19''E, B. Litterski, , det. U. Schiefelbein, conf. D. Triebel (herb. B. Litterski).

5 Schiefelbein et al.: Lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi from northern Germany 89 Rediscovered in Germany after more than 100 years; new to Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. On Caloplaca arenaria (Pers.) Müll.Arg. growing on a cemetery wall. The lichenicolous fungi has hitherto only been recorded by Arnold (1891) from churchyards near Munich (Bavaria) at the end of the 19 th century. The spores (4 5 µm) are somewhat smaller than in the description of Hafellner (1979). Ramalina siliquosa (Huds.) A.L.Sm. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 1346/2, Rügen, coast of the Baltic Sea approx. 1 km N of Putgarten, 54 41'00''N/13 25'07''E, U. Schiefelbein, ; Schleswig-Holstein: 1216/3, North Frisean islands, Föhr, Utersum, Bowen Taarep, 54 42'56''N/08 24'23''E, U. de Bruyn, C. Dolnik, U. Schiefelbein & G. Stolley, (reference photo in Dolnik et al. 2010); 1216/3, North Frisean islands, Föhr, Süderende, church wall St. Laurentius, 54 42'59''N/08 26'06''E, strong degeneration of thallus, U. de Bruyn, C. Dolnik, U. Schiefelbein & G. Stolley, (Do), TLC: Usnic & salazinic acid; 1632/2, Ostholstein, on megalith stones of the Long Borrow of Großenbrode, about 20 % of thalli degenerated, 54 23'30''N/11 05'40''E, C. Dolnik & P. Neumann, Second record from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania; rediscovered in Schleswig-Holstein after more than 50 years. In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, R. siliquosa was found on a boulder in the upper geolittoral and in Schleswig-Holstein on stone or church walls in distances of several hundred meters from the shore. In the recent past, the species was in Germany only known from one locality on the island of Rügen (Litterski 1992, 1993). Erichsen (1957) published R. siliquosa already from Schleswig-Holstein, from Sylt (Kampen), Föhr (Laurentius church), and Großenbrode near Oldenburg; the occurrence at the two latter localities has been confirmed by us. Ramalina subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. Schleswig-Holstein: 1016/3, island of Sylt, Keitum, churchyard St. Severin, 54 54'11''N/08 21'46''E, U. de Bruyn & C. Dolnik, (Br, Do 1537). Erichsen (1957) and Jacobsen (1992) already mentioned this taxon, but did not accept it as distinct from R. farinacea. Ramalina subfarinacea differs from the closely related R. farinacea in the spreading holdfast and the tendency to form swards, the more erect spiky appearance, the generally paler thallus, the more granular soredia and its strong preference for rock (Krog & James 1977). The collected specimens contain norstictic and usnic acids (TLC). Brand & Ketner-Oostra (1983) reported R. subfarinacea from Sylt based on a collection from At Keitum, R. subfarinacea is abundant and widely distributed over several pieces of siliceous rocks of a dry stone wall near the coast. Stereocaulon dactylophyllum Flörke Schleswig-Holstein: 1927/2, district Segeberg, gravel pit east of Damsdorf, 54 03'41''N/10 19'08''E, C. Dolnik & P. Neumann, (Do 1516). On granite boulder. Associated with S. saxatilis, S. vesuvianum and Lecidea lithophila. The species is rather rare and strongly endangered in the study area. Stigmidium marinum (Deakin) Swinscow Schleswig-Holstein: 1122/4, Flensburg, coast of the Flensburg Fjord, shingle beach Riesholz, 54 49'14''N/09 25'31''E, on sandstone, C. Dolnik, (Do); 1122/4, Flensburg, coast of the Flensburg Fjord, Waldeshöh-Solitüde, 54 49'21''N/09 29'05''E, C. Dolnik, (Do); 1326/1, Baltic Sea coast near Olpenitz, G. Stolley, (St); 1419/3, Nordfriesland, embankment Beltringharder Koog, saltwater lagoon, near sluice Holmer Siel, C. Dolnik, (Sc); 1918/4, Dithmarschen, Trischendamm, Wadden Sea coast, 54 01'33''N/08 49'35''E, C. Dolnik, (Do 1441). Rediscovered at the German Baltic Sea coast after more than 50 years. On granite rocks over Wahlenbergiella mucosa (Wahlenb.) Gueidan & Thüs, associated with Arthonia phaeobaea on boulders and Verrucaria sp. over sandstone and granite pebble. The inconspicuous lichenicolous fungus was recently reported from the North Sea coast of Lower Saxony (Hauck et al. 2009). From Schleswig-Holstein, Erichsen (1957) already published a record of S. marinum from the Baltic Sea (Kieler Förde). Verrucaria elaeina Borrer Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 1447/1, Rügen, Jasmund, soft cliff N of Nardewitz, 54 34'49''N/13 33'40''E, U. Schiefelbein, , det. H. Thüs (BM, Sc). New to Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. On siliceous rocks in a small stream which is located in a deeply incised valley and surrounded by beech forest. Verrucaria elaeina usually grows on shaded vertical rocks at places with high air humidity (Hauck et al. 2009).

6 90 Herzogia 23 (1), 2010 Wahlenbergiella mucosa (Wahlenb.) Gueidan & Thüs (syn.: Verrucaria mucosa Wahlenb.) Schleswig-Holstein: 1217/3, North Frisean islands, Föhr, Wyk, pumping station N of Wyk, 54 42'01''N/08 34'30''E, U. de Bruyn, C. Dolnik, U. Schiefelbein & G. Stolley, (Br, Sc); 1217/4, North Frisean islands, Föhr, Boldixum, sea dyke between Vogelkoje Boldixum and Nilshörn, 54 43'23''N/08 35'28,25''E, U. de Bruyn, C. Dolnik, U. Schiefelbein & G. Stolley, (D 1555, Sc); 1918/4, Dithmarschen, Trischendamm, 54 01'33''N/08 49'35''E, C. Dolnik, (Do 1433). On granite rocks, occasionally associated with the red alga Hildenbrandia rubra. An overview on the historical and present distribution at the North Sea coast is given by Hauck et al. (2009). Wahlenbergiella striatula (Wahlenb.) Gueidan & Thüs (syn.: Verrucaria striatula Wahlenb.) Schleswig-Holstein: 1116/1, Sylt, sea dyke south of Archsum, 54 51'32,5''N/08 22'37,4''E, U. de Bruyn, C. Dolnik, P. Neumann, U. Schiefelbein & G. Stolley, (Do 1569, Sc); 1216/3, North Frisean islands, Föhr, sea dyke northwest of Utersum, 54 43'27''N/08 24'04,2''E, U. de Bruyn, C. Dolnik, U. Schiefelbein & G. Stolley, (Sc); 1217/1, North Frisean islands, Föhr, sea dyke north of Oevenum, 54 45'07,2''N/08 33'34,6''E, U. de Bruyn, C. Dolnik, U. Schiefelbein & G. Stolley, (Do 1562); 1217/4, North Frisean islands, Föhr, Boldixum, sea dyke between Vogelkoje Boldixum and Nilshörn, 54 43'23''N/08 35'28,25''E, U. de Bruyn, C. Dolnik, U. Schiefelbein & G. Stolley, (Do 1556); 1218/3, Nordfriesland, Dagebüll, dam to Hallig Oland, 54 42'57''N/08 42'41,7''E, C. Dolnik, (Do 1491). Rediscovered in Germany after more than 50 years. Usually on granite rocks of sea dykes in the littoral zone, south of Archsum on granite boulders in mud flats. Erichsen (1957) recorded W. striatula from the island of Föhr, where it is still abundant. Furthermore, he collected the species at the Baltic Sea coast near Großenbrode (conf. C. Dolnik). This specimen is deposited in KIEL as Verrucaria microspora Nyl., which is regarded as a synonym to W. striatula. Acknowledgements We are very grateful to D. Triebel (Munich), U. Arup (Lund) and H. Thüs (London) for revision of specimens. We also thank B. Litterski (Greifswald) for providing data. M. Hauck (Göttingen) and two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their comments on the manuscript. References Arnold, F Zur Lichenenflora von München. Berichte der Bayerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft 1: Arup, U The Caloplaca holocarpa group in the Nordic countries, except Iceland. Lichenologist 41: Brand, A. M. & Ketner-Oostra, R Survey of the lichen flora of the larger Wadden Sea islands and coastal areas. In: Dijkema, K. S. & Wolff, W. J. (eds.). Flora and Vegetation of the Wadden Sea Islands and Coastal Areas. Pp Leiden: Stichting Veth tot Steun aan Waddenonderzoek. Coppins, B. J. & Aptroot, A Bacidia De Not. (1846). In: Smith, C. W., Aptroot, A., Coppins, B. J., Fletcher, A., Gilbert, O. L., James, P. W. & Wolseley, P. A. (eds.). The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. Pp London: British Lichen Society. Culberson, C. F. & Ammann, K Standardmethode zur Dünnschichtchromatographie von Flechtensubstanzen. Herzogia 5: de Bruyn, U Zur aktuellen Verbreitung epiphytischer Flechten im nördlichen Weser-Ems-Gebiet. Oldenburger Jahrbuch 100: de Bruyn, U., Aptroot, A. & Linders, W Ergebnisse eines Flechten-Kartierungstreffens in Ostfriesland (Nordwest-Niedersachsen). Aktuelle Lichenologische Mitteilungen, NF 14: Dolnik, C., Stolley, G. & Zimmer, D Die Flechten Schleswig-Holsteins Rote Liste, 3. Fassung. Flintbek: Landesamt für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und ländliche Räume. Erichsen, C. F. E Ein lichenologischer Ausflug nach Mecklenburg. Archiv des Vereins der Freunde der Naturgeschichte in Mecklenburg 11: Erichsen, C. F. E Flechtenflora von Nordwestdeutschland. Stuttgart: G. Fischer. Ernst, G Die Flechtenflora der Nordseeinsel Neuwerk 1891 bis Berichte des Botanischen Vereins zu Hamburg 13: Ernst, G Die Flechten des Landkreises Harburg. Berichte des Botanischen Vereins zu Hamburg 17: Grummann, V. J Die Flechtenflora der Insel Rügen mit Hiddensee. Feddes Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis, Beiheft 81A: 1 56.

7 Schiefelbein et al.: Lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi from northern Germany 91 Hafellner, J Karschia. Revision einer Sammelgattung an der Grenze von lichenisierten und nichlichenisierten Ascomyceten. Beiheft zur Nova Hedwigia 62: Hauck, M Die Flechten Niedersachsens. Bestand, Ökologie, Gefährdung und Naturschutz. Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Niedersachsen 36: Hauck, M., de Bruyn, U., Wirth, V., Sparrius, L., Thüs, H. & Preussing, M New or interesting records of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi from Lower Saxony, Germany. Herzogia 22: Jacobsen, P Flechten in Schleswig-Holstein: Bestand, Gefährdung und Bedeutung als Bioindikatoren. Mitteilungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Geobotanik in Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg 42: Jacobsen, P Die Flechten Schleswig-Holsteins Rote Liste. Kiel: Landesamt für Natur und Umwelt des Landes Schleswig-Holstein. Jørgensen, P. M Collemataceae. In: Ahti, T., Jørgensen, P. M., Kristinsson, H., Moberg, R., Søchting, U. & Thor, G. (eds.). Nordic Lichen Flora. Volume 3. Cyanolichens. Pp Uddevalla: Nordic Lichen Society. Keissler, K. von Pyrenulaceae. In: Zahlbruckner, A. (ed.). Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. IX. Band. Abt. 1. Teil 2. Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft. Krog, H. & James, P. W The genus Ramalina in Fennoscandia and the British Isles. Norwegian Journal of Botany 25: Litterski, B Flechtengesellschaften im Gebiet der Insel Rügen. Gleditschia 20: Litterski, B Die Flechten der Insel Rügen. Herzogia 9: Litterski, B Rote Liste der gefährdeten Flechten Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns. Schwerin: Ministerium für Landwirtschaft und Naturschutz des Landes Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Litterski, B Pflanzengeographische und ökologische Bewertung der Flechtenflora Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns. Dissertationes Botanicae 307: Litterski, B. & Schiefelbein, U Rote Liste der Flechten Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns. Schwerin: Ministerium für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz. Mohr, F., Ekman, S. & Heegaard, E Evolution and taxonomy of the marine Collemopsidium species (lichenized Ascomycota) in north-west Europe. Mycological Research 108: Purvis, O. W. & Orange, A Belonia Körb. ex Nyl. (1857). In: Smith, C. W., Aptroot, A., Coppins, B. J., Fletcher, A., Gilbert, O. L., James, P. W. & Wolseley, P. A. (eds.). The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. Pp London: British Lichen Society. Scholz, P. 2000: Katalog der Flechten und flechtenbewohnenden Pilze Deutschlands. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde 31: Søchting, U. & Alstrup, V Danish Lichen Checklist. Version 2. Copenhagen: Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen. Wirth, V Die Flechten Baden-Württembergs. 2nd edit. Stuttgart: Ulmer. Manuscript accepted: 19 March Addresses of the authors Ulf Schiefelbein, Blücherstraße 71, Rostock, Germany. ulf.schiefelbein@gmx.de Uwe de Bruyn, von-müller-straße 30, Oldenburg, Germany. udebruyn@web.de Christian Dolnik, Ökologie-Zentrum, Institut für Natur- und Ressourcenschutz, Universität Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, Kiel, Germany. cdolnik@ecology.uni-kiel.de Gregor Stolley, Schauenburgerstr. 30, Kiel, Germany. gstolley@ecology.uni-kiel.de Patrick Neumann, Institut für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, Universität Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, Kiel, Germany. p.neumann@soils.uni-kiel.de

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