ANHANG: Deutsche Maße und Gewichte APPENDIX: British and American Weights and Measures Deutsche Maße und Gewichte 1. Längenmaße 1 mm Millimeter, millimeter (US), millimetre (GB) = 1/1000 meter, metre = 0.0394 inches, in = 0.001 yards, yd = 0.0033 feet, ft 1 cm Zentimeter, centimeter (US), centimetre (GB) = 1/100 meter, metre = 0.39 inches, in 1 m Meter, meter (US), metre (GB) = 39.37 inches, in = 1.094 yards, yd = 3.281 feet, ft 1 km Kilometer, kilometer (US), kilometre (GB) = 39370 inches, in = 1094 yards, yd = 0.6214 Statute miles (GB) = 0.5400 nautical miles Kleinere Längeneinheiten, smaller units 1 Ångström, Å 1= 10 10 m (keine SI-Einheit) 1 Mikrometer, μm 1= 10 6 m 1 Nanometer, nm 1= 10 9 m 2. Flächeneinheiten 1 mm 2 Quadratmillimeter, square millimeter (US), square millimetre (GB) = 10 6 square meter, square metre = 0.0015 square inches, in 2 1 cm 2 Quadratzentimeter, square centimeter (US), square centimetre (GB) = 10 4 meter, metre = 0.155 square inches, in 2 1439
1m 2 Quadratmeter, square meter (US), square metre (GB) = 1550 square inches, in 2 = 10,76 square feet, ft 2 = 1.196 square yards, yd 2 3. Raummaße 1 cm 3 Kubikzentimeter, cubic centimeter (US), cubic centimetre (GB) = 10 6 cubic meter (US), cubic metre (GB) = 1000 cubic millimeter (US), cubic millimetre (GB) = 0.061 cubic inches, in 3 1 m 3 Kubikmeter, cubic meter, cubic metre = 61 023 cubic inches, in 3 1 RT Registertonne, register ton = 2.832 cubic meter (US), cubic metre (GB), m 3 = 100 cubic feet, ft 3 4. Hohlmaße 1 l Liter, liter (US), litre (GB) = 0.26 gallons (US) = 0.22 gallons (GB) 5. Gewichte 1 mg Milligramm, milligram(me) = 1/1000 gram(me) = 0.015 grains 1 g Gramm, gram(me) = 10 3 kg, kilogram(me) = 15.43 grains 1 kg Kilogramm, Kilo kilogram(me) = 1000 g, gram(me)s = 35.27 ounces, oz = 2.205 pounds, lb (avdp) 1 t Tonne, ton = 1000 kg, kilogram(me) = 0.984 British tons = 1.102 US tons 1440
6. Druckeinheiten 1 Pa Pascal, Pascal = 1 N/ m 2 = 10 5 bar = 7.5 10 3 Torr, torr = 10.2 10 6 kp/cm 2 = 145.05 10 6 lbf/in 2 1 bar Bar, bar = 10 5 Pa = 0,1 MPa = 10 5 N/m 2 = 750 Torr, torr = 1.02 kp/cm 2 = 1 at = 14.505 lbf/in 2 1 Torr, torr (keine SI Einheit) = 133.32 Pa = N/m 2 = 1.333 10 3 bar = 1.36 10 3 kp/cm 2 = 0.01934 lbf/in 2 = 1 mm Hg (0 C) = 1/760 atm (physical atmosphere) Weitere Einheiten: 1 μ bar = 1 dyn/cm 2 7. Krafteinheiten 1 N Newton, Newton 1 N = 10 5 dyn (keine SI Einheit) = 0.101972 kp, kilopond (keine SI Einheit) 8. Energieeinheiten (Arbeit,Wärme) 1 J Joule, joule = 1 Ws = 1 Nm = 277.8 10 9 kwh = 10 7 erg (keine SI Einheit) = 238.8 10 6 kcal (keine SI Einheit) = 948 10 6 Btu (British Thermal Unit) 1 kwh Kilowattstunde = 3.6 10 6 J = 3.6 10 6 N m = 859.8 kcal = 3412 Btu (British Thermal Unit) 1441
1 kcal = 4186.8 J = 1.163 10 3 kwh = 3.968 Btu (British Thermal Unit) 9. Leistungseinheiten 1 W Watt, watt = 10 3 kw, kilowatt = 1 J/s = 1 Nm/s = 10 7 erg/s (keine SI Einheit) 1 PS Pferdestärke, horse power (keine SI Einheit) = 735.5 W, watt = 0,7355 kw = 0.986 hp, horse power 9. Rheologie 1 Pa s = 1 N s/m 2 (Si Einheit) (für Flüssigkeiten) 1 dpa s = (SI Einheit) (für Kunststoffschmelzen) 1 mm 2 /s = kinematische Viskosität (für Flüssigkeiten) 1 cm 2 /s = kinematische Viskosität (für Kunststoffschmelzen) 10. Wichtigste Einheiten Temperatur Kelvin, K Temperaturdifferenz K (bzw. C) Wärmemenge Joule, J Druck bar Kraft Newton, N Leistung Watt, W Wärmeleistung W/mK Mittlerer linearer therm. Ausdehnungskoeffizient 1/K Spez. elektr. Widerstand W μ m 1442
British and American Weights and Measures 1. Length Units 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 foot = 12 inches = 30.48 cm 1 yard = 3 feet = 91.44 cm 1 statute mile = 1760 yards = 5280 feet = 1.609 km 1 nautical mile = 6076 feet = 2025 yards = 1.1507 miles = 1.852 km 1 hand = 4 inches = 10.16 cm 1 rod = 5 1 / 2 bzw. 5.5 yards = 5.029 m 1 chain = 4 rods = 20.117 m 1 furlong = 10 chains = 201. 168 m 1 fathom = 6 feet = 1.829 m 2. Surface measurements 1 square inch = 6.452 cm 2 1 square foot = 144 square inches = 929.029 cm 2 1 square yard = 9 square feet = 8361.26 cm 2 1 square rod = 30 1 / 4 bzw. 30.25 square yards = 25.293 m 2 1 rood = 40 square rods = 1011.72 m 2 3. Avoirdupois 1 grain = 0.0648 g 1 dram = 27.3438 grains = 1.772 g 1 ounce = 16 drams = 28.35 g 1 pound = 16 ounces = 453.59 g 1 long ton = 1016.05 kg (GB) 1 short ton = 907.185 kg (US) 1 stone = 14 pounds = 6.35 kg 1 quarter = 28 pounds (GB) = 12.701 kg = 25 pounds (US) = 11.339 kg 4. Solid measures 1 cubic inch = 16.387 cm 3 1 cubic foot = 1728 cubic inches = 0.02832 m 3 1 cubic yard = 27 cubic feet = 0,7646 m 3 5. Measures of capacity 5.1 British: 1 gill = 0.142 l 1 gallon = 4.546 l 1 barrel = 36 gallons = 163.656 l 1443
5.2 US: 1 quart = 1.1012 l (dry measure) 1 gallon = 3.7853 l 1 gill = 0.1183 l 1 barrel = 31.5 gallons = 119.228 l 1 barrel petroleum = 42 gallons = 158.97 l 6. Pressure units 1 torr = 133.32 Pa = 133.32 N/m 2 = 1.333 10 3 bar 1 lbf/in 2 = 6894.8 Pa = 6894.8 N/m 2 = 0.06895 bar 1 N /mm 2 = 1 MPa (Megapascal) = 0.102 kp/cm 2 (no SI unit) 7. Units of energy 1 Joule = 1 Nm = 277.8 10 9 kwh = 238.8 10 6 kcal = 948 10 6 Btu 1 Btu = 1055 J = 293 10 6 kwh = 0.252 kcal (no SI unit) 8. Unit of power 1 hp = 745.7 W = 0.746 kw = 1.014 PS (no SI unit) = 550 ft lbf/s 1 W = 1 J/s = 1 Nm/s = 0.102 kp m/s (no SI unit) = 10 7 erg/s 1 kw = 10 3 W = 101.97 kp m/s = 1.341 hp 9. Rheology 1 cp = 1 Pa s = 1 N s/m 2 (for fluids) (SI unit) 1 P (Poise) = 1 dpa s (for plastic melts) (SI unit) 1 cst = 1 mm 2 /s (for fluids) (SI unit) 1 St = 1 cm 2 /s (for plastic melts) 1 Pa s = 1 cp 10. Most important units Temperature K, Kelvin Difference in temperature K (or C) Heat quantity Joule, J Pressure bar Force Newton, N Coloric power W/m K Power Watt, W Mean linear thermal expansion coefficient 1/K Specific electr. resistance W μm 1444