Infrastructuring for Communities of Practice of 3D-Printers

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1 Professur Computerunterstützte Gruppenarbeit und Soziale Medien Infrastructuring for Communities of Practice of 3D-Printers Matthias Betz, Alexander Boden, Sebastian Draxler, Thomas Ludwig, Volkmar Pipek 3

2 You are user-centered? Really? Let me ask you this: When you eat soup, do you consider yourself a spoon user? 4 / 10

3 When your spoon has a hole, do you wait for the spoon manufacturer s improvement to be able to go on eating? 5 / 10

4 Wouldn t it be great if the spoon could connect you with other soup lovers and spoon practitioners? 6 / 10

5 Wouldn t it be great if the spoon could connect you with other soup loversand spoon practitioners? - To help you with problems - To give you new ideas for soups, but also for spoon uses 7 / 10

6 Maybe spoon manufacturers would pick up some ideas? Or you become a spoon manufacturer yourself? 8 / 10

7 But: There may be relevant practice environments that are not spooncentered! 9 / 10

8 A new conceptualisation of Infrastructure : Socio-technical, How to infrastructure : Star/Bowker 2002, Star/Ruhleder 1996" I. runs below other structures, becomes visible upon breakdown" Characteristics:" 1. I. embedded in other social and technological structures 2. I. transparent in invisibly supporting work 3. I. have a spatial and temporal reach or scope 4. I. comprises taken-for-granted artifacts and organizational arrangements learned as part of membership 5. I. shape and are shaped by the conventions of practice 6. I. plug in other infrastructures and tools in a standardized way, and are modified by scope and conflicting (local) conventions 7. I. do not grow de novo but wrestle with the inertia of the installed based and inherit strengths and limits from that base 8. I. normally invisible, become visible upon breakdown" Design-oriented Turn: Infrastructuring captures all creative activities that contribute to the emergence of infrastructure" 10 / 10

9 Infrastructuring : Pipek and Wulf 2009 Infrastructural layers of technology development activities Preparational design Infrastructural background work Basic technology development Programming Intention of usage Breakdown (real or perceived) New innovation in technology In-situ design work Combination/ Configuration of tools Timeline Technology standards Culture of design Work standards Basic work development Culture of use Tasks Routine Praxis Tasks Routine Praxis Method-driven design activities Learning about technology Using predecessor technology Change at work/ new business Intention opportunities of support Infrastructural layers of work development activities Point of Infrastructure Tailoring Appropriation Breakdown (real or perceived) New innovation in work Inventing/ Negotiating usages 11

10 Research Question How can IT support infrastructuring in very hardware-focused contexts? Goal: Infrastructuring Support new ways of (collaborative) appropriation work of hardwarerelated practices Enhancing the current practices with options for technical support concerning three different context dimensions: Device-related Situation-related Task-related Application field: 3 different 3D-printing Communities of Practice (CoPs) Empirical study on current work practices concerning 3D printing including appropriation work and on use-related communication inside these CoPs 12

11 Device-related dimension How can the user s appropriation work be supported in a device-related dimension? Using and extending built-in 3D-printer s sensors to capture current printing configurations to be aware of current printing details E.g. temperature sensors or extruder movements Integrate new sensors like Arduino seismic sensors Device-related visualization and monitoring options to offer the users new ways of capturing current printing configurations E.g. Connected dashboards on fixed public displays or webcams interated into printers Goal: New ways of capturing and monitoring current printing details and status 13

12 Situation-related dimension How can the user s appropriation work be supported in a situation/ environment-related dimension? Extending 3D-printer with sensors to capture details of the environmental context to be aware of current situation details E.g. light intensity or wind velocity (when windows are opened) Integrate new sensors like sound sensors Situation-related (time/location-independent) visualization and monitoring options to offer the users new ways of capturing the current situation E.g. Web- or smartphone-based dashboards for monitoring Goal: New ways of capturing and monitoring current printing situations 14

13 Task-related dimension How can the user s appropriation work be supported in a task-related dimension? Extending and connecting the 3D-printer with web-based services to offer sharing and discussing details (models, etc.) about printing process E.g. Getting support from distributed CoPs during the printing process Integrate new sensors like Arduino wifi sensors Task-related visualization and monitoring options to offer the users new ways of communication beyond organizations E.g. Web- or smartphone-based dashboards for monitoring Goal: New ways of hardware-based collaborative appropriation work of 3Dprinting practices 15

14 Application Field 3 Communities of Practice (CoP) having 3D printing expertise Different intentions for using 3D-printer Academy of Media Arts Cologne University of Siegen Hackerspace Siegen (HaSi e.v.) 16

15 Application Field 3 Communities of Practice (CoP) having 3D printing expertise Different intentions for using 3D-printer Academy of Media Arts Cologne University of Siegen Hackerspace Siegen (HaSi e.v.) 17

16 Example: University of Siegen Illustration of the 3 dimensions University of Siegen 18

17 Example: University of Siegen Illustration of the 3 dimensions Device-related University of Siegen Integrating devicerelated sensors 19

18 Example: University of Siegen Illustration of the 3 dimensions Device-related University of Siegen Integrating devicerelated sensors Integrating displays 20

19 Example: University of Siegen Illustration of the 3 dimensions Situation-related Integrating situationrelated sensors University of Siegen Integrating devicerelated sensors Integrating displays 21

20 Example: University of Siegen Illustration of the 3 dimensions Task-related Integrating situationrelated sensors University of Siegen Integrating devicerelated sensors Integrating displays Integrating and connecting task-related sensors 22

21 Goal Learning from other CoPs and adapting best practices, etc. Establishing & connecting a 3D-printer integrated environment to support appropriation Academy of Media Arts Cologne University of Siegen Hackerspace Siegen (HaSi e.v.) 23

22 Goal Infrastructuring in Maker Communities Learning from other CoPs, adapting best practices, etc. Articulating breakdowns/problems Articulatiing use innovations Establishing & connecting a 3D-printer integrated environment to support infrastructuring activities Academy of Media Arts Cologne University of Siegen Web-based platform Hackerspace Siegen (HaSi e.v.) 24

23 Goal Learning from other CoPs and adapting best practices, etc. Establishing & connecting a 3D-printer integrated environment to support appropriation Academy of Media Arts Cologne logical connection University of Siegen Web-based platform logical connection Hackerspace Siegen (HaSi e.v.) 25