Postmigrant Societies Germany as a Country of Immigration

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1 Postmigrant Societies Germany as a Country of Immigration Prof. Dr. Naika Foroutan Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin Institute on Integration and Migration Research (BIM)

2 Outline 1. Immigration Society Germany Empirical Data 2. Ambivalent Germany 3. Narratives of Rejection

3 1. Immigration Society Germany Empirical Data

4 Germans, Foreigners, Migrants, Migration- Background, Citizens? 82 million inhabitants 82 million inhabitants 16,5 million with a migration background 16,5 million with a migration background 9,7 million naturalized Germans 9,7 million naturalized Germans and approx. 6,8 million foreigners and approx. 6,8 million foreigners Migrationsbericht 2014: Migrationsbericht des Bundesamtes für Migration und Flüchtlinge im Auftrag der Migrationsbericht 2014: Migrationsbericht des Bundesamtes für Migration und Flüchtlinge Bundesregierung im Auftrag vom der Bundesregierung vom Western federal provinces: 16,0 mil.; 96,6 % Eastern federal Western provinces: Bundesländer: ; 16,0 3,4 % mil.; 96,6 % Eastern Bundesländer: ; 3,4 % Destatis: Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. Pressemitteilung Nr. 402 vom Destatis: Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. Pressemitteilung Nr. 402 vom

5 Overestimating the Muslim Population Approx. 4-4,2 Million Muslims Half of them German Citizens Share Anteil ofder Respondents Befragten Half of them under the age of 25 8,3 11,7 69,0 11,0 Quelle: MLD % 5% 10% 15% 20% 30% 40% 100% How would you estimate the percentage of Muslims in Germany? Was schätzen Sie, wie hoch ist der Anteil der Muslime an der Bevölkerung? k. A. Source: Deutschland Postmigrantisch, 2015, p

6 2. Ambivalent Germany

7 Receiving Country Main Receiving Countries in Europe in Comparison 2015 Refugee Number Population Approx. Percentage Sweden Mio 1,8% Germany Mio 1,25% Austria ,5 Mio 1,12% Norway ,18 Mio 0,58% The Netherlands Mio 0,35% Denmark ,69 Mio 0,35% Italy ,6 Mio 0,24% France Mio 0,09% United Kingdom Mio 0,05% Spain ,4 Mio 0,04% Poland ,4 Mio 0,005%

8 Attacks in Germany 2015 four-fold increase 2015 Period: : reported crimes in the aslyum context 1027 of these were directed towards asylum seekers and their aslyum seeker housing /#refsponi Refugees and their shelters are targeted by right-wing violence approx approx. 3 times a day

9 3. Narratives of Rejection

10 Narrative exclusion not part of national identity % ,2 68, , ,5 30,1 25,7 20 9,3 14,8 6,3 0 Muslime sind aggressiver als wir. Muslims are more aggressive than we are Muslimische Eltern sind genauso bildungsorientiert wie wir. Muslim parents have similar educational values to ours We Wir sollten should Muslimen acknowledge mehr Anerkennung Muslims entgegenbringen. more Approval Rejection n/a Zustimmung Ablehnung keine Angabe 10 Source: Deutschland Postmigrantisch, 2015, p.30.

11 The German we is defined without the inclusion of minorities Who did you think of in the we? 11

12 Narratives on being German Attainable characteristics important criteria for being German modern understanding of citizenship Which criteria is important/ not important for your understanding to be German? (in percentage) % Being Deutsch able sprechen to speakzu German? können? 96,8 2,90,3 Die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit Owning the German zu citizenship? besitzen? 78,9 20,4 0,8 important wichtig unwichtig unimportant keine n/a Angabe 12 Source: Deutschland Postmigrantisch, 2015, p.26.

13 Narratives on being German However: Conservative understanding of citizenship still very important Which criteria is important/ not important for your understanding to be German? (in percentage) % Deutsch Being sprechen able to speak zu können? German 96,8 2,90,3 Die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit Owning the German zu citizenship? besitzen? 78,9 20,4 0,8 Akzentfrei Speaking Deutsch German sprechen without zu an können? accent? 40,8 58,8 0,4 Auf das Kopftuch Give upzu theverzichten? headscarf? XXX 37,8 59,7 2,5 Deutsche HavingVorfahren German forefathers? zu haben? XXX 37,0 62,4 0,5 wichtig important unwichtig unimportant keine n/a Angabe 13 Source: Deutschland Postmigrantisch, 2015, p.26.

14 Integration obligation or integration contract? Central points in the debate on an integration obligation : Homosexuality Gender equality Israel s right to exist Principles of an Integration contract Constitution (knowledge, reflection, acceptance) 1. Human dignity What about xenophobia? 3. Equality What about lacks in representation? 4. Freedom of religion what about rights of religion? etc.

15 Conclusion I. Recognizing the normativ paradox (Diversity, Yes! Muslims, No!) II. Bridging the gap between cognitive acceptance and emotional distance which causes societal ambivalence III. Strengthening the knowledge on democratic principles on diversity and plurality IV. Creating an aspirative mission statement not a reconstructive one a joint integration contract

16 Thank you for your attention!