Utilizing the process of the Hydro-Thermal Carbonization for converting biological waste and residues into carbon material

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1 Utilizing the process of the Hydro-Thermal Carbonization for converting biological waste and residues into carbon material

2 Overview 1. Introduction 2. Engineering Concept 3. Pilot and commercial systems 4. Products 5. A lot of questions 2

3 Overview 1. Introduction 2. Engineering Concept 3. Pilot and commercial systems 4. Products 5. A lot of questions 3

4 Who we are 1. Einführung SmartCarbon AG Founded as a spin-off from the non-profit research initiative THINKenergy, the purpose of SmartCarbon AG is to implement the process technique of the hydro-thermal carbonization into a real-life product. We focus on wet biomass waste, clearing sludge, manure, etc. (NOT food feedstock) 4

5 Who we are Source: TESA Magazine 2005

6 Who we are Source: TESA Magazine 2005

7 Who we are Source: GEA

8 Present Situation Inroduction The natural Cycles are not closed which results in 1. Problems regarding the sustainability fuels nutrients/minerals for the agriculture carbon cycle (precious soil/humic substance) 2. Contaminants CO 2 -emissions contaminated materials Waste disposal problems 1. costs 2. Unsolved problems 8

9 Present Situation... A desert far away? 9

10 Present Situation... Ostteil des Naturschutzgebiets Lieberose in Brandenburg 10

11 Background Hydro-Thermal Carbonization (HTC) is a process technology to convert different sorts of biomass in aqueous solution into different sorts of bio-coal, a process which is a exothermal in nature. All sorts of biological waste and residual materials can be used for example waste materials from the vegetable oil production, output waste from biogas plants, horse manure and horse straw as well as clarifying sludge and biological household waste. Reaction products are different forms of bio-coal, a broad variety from topsoil, over brown coal to hard coal as well as organic nutrients and humins in aqueous solution. The process can also be used to re-use complicate waste like clarifying sludge to get back biological nutrients on the one hand and biofuel on the orther hand to save energy costs in an environmental friendly way. Again the process can be used as a high effcient and economical way to store carbon dioxide in the form of bio-coal, which can be used as a long term fertilizer.

15 Comparison of HTC to other biomass conversion Techniques During the hydrothermal carbonization, carbohydrates are being separated into carbon and water, thus releasing a minimum of CO 2 or methane. From: Max-Planck-Forschung Okt. 02/2006", Markus Antonietti

16 From: Max-Planck-Forschung Okt. 02/2006", Markus Antonietti

energetischen Verwertungskette", 19.09.12, Dr.

17 Reaction pathways of the process chemistry From: "Hydrothermale Verfahren (HTC, VTC) in der energetischen Verwertungskette", , Dr.Axel Funke, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik, Potsdam-Bornim 17

18 Overview 1. Introduction 2. Engineering Concept 3. Pilot and commercial systems 4. Products 5. A lot of questions 18

19 Engineering Concept rugged and simple 2. Engineering Concept 19

20 Anlagenkonzept robust und einfach 2. Anlagenkonzept Warum Batch-Betrieb? drucklose Zu- und Abführung von Biomasse, damit einfachere und vielseitigere Fördertechnik "Allesfresser" für variable Eingangsstoffe wie Schamm, Halmgut, Stückgut Flexibilität bei der Wartung, kein Totalausfall 20

21 Anlagenkonzept robust und einfach 2. Anlagenkonzept Warum Dampf? hoher Energieübertrag keine Abhängigkeit vom Oberflächen/Volumen-Verhältnis flexible Regelung von Druck und Temperatur in der Anlage Zwischenspeicherung der Energie im Dampfspeicher Ziel: energieautarke Anlage auf kleiner Skala möglich 21

22 Anlagenkonzept robust und einfach 2. Anlagenkonzept Kapazitäts-Anpassung der Anlagentechnik an Bedarf möglich (Modulbauweise der Reaktoren) Flexible Anpassungsfähigkeit der Prozessführung an die zu erzielenden Endprodukte möglich ( Torf-Ersatz /Biobrennstoff) Standardkomponenten für Peripherietechnik Weiterverwendung vorhandener Vorverarbeitungstechnologie 22

23 Overview 1. Introduction 2. Engineering Concept 3. Pilot and commercial systems 4. Products 5. A lot of questions 23

24 Case study: Usage of biological waste materials as valuable biofuels

25 Deploying the pilot plant on site for demonstration of the process up-scaling

26 Conversion of horse manure into biocoal (to be used as soil conditioner or biofuel)

27 The potential of the deployment of the biomass conversion technology is vast due to the huge global amount of biomass Biomass waste Conversion in a multi-reactor-production site Bio-Coal for usage as fuel or chemical raw material

28 Example of a multiple batch system configuration

29 Industrial-scale Pilot plant, commissioned in 2012

30 Organic waste in heterous quality is being processed

31 Typical sample of biomass waste

32 Typical sample of biomass waste

33 Typical sample of HTC carbon material The Carbon product 33

34 Typical sample of HTC carbon material The Carbon product 34

35 Typical sample of HTC carbon material The Carbon product, compressed coal plates 35

36 Typical sample of HTC carbon material The Carbon product, pulverized coal 36

37 Analysis of carbon samples Kohle-Proben-Analysen, Österreich. Forschungsinstitut (ofi), Wien 37

38 Analysis of carbon samples Kohle-Proben-Analysen, Österreich. Forschungsinstitut (ofi), Wien Es sind hohe Kohlenstoffgehalte erzielbar bei gleichzeitig geringen Gehalten an Aschebildenen Stoffen. 38

39 Analysis report of the process water samples Process water samples, results of the lab tests, Ergo Umweltinstitut, Dresden 39

40 Analysis of carbon samples Kohle-Proben-Analysen, Österreich. Forschungsinstitut (ofi), Wien Vollständige Analysen werden separat ausgehändigt 40

41 Analysis of carbon samples Kohle-Proben-Analysen, Österreich. Forschungsinstitut (ofi), Wien Die Parameter sind einstellbar hinsichtlich eines brennstofflichen oder einer bodenverbessernden Einsatzes Vollständige Analysen werden separat ausgehändigt 41

42 The diagramm of the carbonization grade The carbon product has a high quality. Diagramm based on van- Krevelen 42

43 Biomass waste treatment plant The biomass waste treatment plant Böblingen/Leonberg Location of the pilot plant in the former compost factory

44 Biomass waste treatment plant The biomass waste treatment plant Böblingen/Leonberg Location of the pilot plant in the former compost factory

45 Biomass waste treatment plant

46 Biomass waste treatment plant The HTC pilot plant is integrated in the waste treatment facility

47 Overview 1. Introduction 2. Engineering Concept 3. Pilot and commercial systems 4. Products 5. A lot of questions 47

48 Production of Bio-Coal Pellets - the Bio-Coal is being pelletized with standard machines

49 Anbauversuche Biokohle als Substrat Nutzung des HTC-Feststoffs Versuchsdurchführung rein oder mit Kultursubstrat gemischt (50:50, 25:75 HTC:Kultursubstrat) Fachhochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft, Dresden 49

50 Fresh Biomass on different substrates

51 Anbauversuche Biokohle als Substrat Topf-Versuche: Langzeitstabilität oder schneller biolog. Abbau diese Eigenschaften sind beeinflussbar (Erdenhersteller wollen Produkte mit 2 Jahren Haltbarkeit) 51

52 Anbauversuche Biokohle als Substrat Versuche mit Kurzumtriebspflanzen Hochschule für Nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde 52

53 Anbauversuche Biokohle als Substrat Versuche mit Kurzumtriebspflanzen Hochschule für Nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde 53

54 Versuche mit der Prozesswasser 54

55 Overview 1. Introduction 2. Engineering Concept 3. Pilot and commercial systems 4. Products 5. A lot of questions 55

56 Experiences Statements HTC products ("hydrochar") are susceptible to fungal infestations This is due to a connection between the nutrient content, especially C and N HTC carbon products are in a pure state in general not suited as a substrate but diluted/mixed with other substrates they may have positive effects fresh Hydrochars can emit side products - HTC-specific smells, - black condensate (small particles) a polymerizing sheet/coverage 56

57 Experiences Statements Thus, the applicability as a plant substrate is strongly depending on the plateau-temperature, the plateau reaction time span, the process management and the biomass material (educt material) The process water and the carbon can potentially be utilized as a nutrient source, but in general only in diluation. Depending on the biomass feedstock potential contaminants such as heavy metals need to observed carefully. 57

58 A lot more questions... More questions? attention! Thank you for your 58

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