Effects of Combusting Plastics in WTE Plants on Dioxin Formation and Ash Quality

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Effects of Combusting Plastics in WTE Plants on Dioxin Formation and Ash Quality Hg Cd Pb Fe boiler filter scrubbe r <0.

scrubber 2-5 kg 10-15 kg 12-20 kg Fe 20-40 kg non Fe 3-8 kg 200-250 kg J. Vehlow, F.E.

Horgen, Switzerland plastic material components of interest conc. in MSW in wt-% max.

1 Effects of Combusting Plastics in WTE Plants on Dioxin Formation and Ash Quality Hg Cd Pb Fe boiler filter scrubbe r <0.01 <2 <10 <1 input = 100% <0.05 <1 10 < waste 1000 kg boiler filter 1. scrubber 2. scrubber 2-5 kg kg kg Fe kg non Fe 3-8 kg kg J. Vehlow, F.E. Mark* GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany Institute for Technical Chemistry Division of Thermal Waste Treatment *Dow Europe, Horgen, Switzerland plastic material components of interest conc. in MSW in wt-% max. addition in wt-% mixed plastics* HM PCDD/F PVC Cu PCDD/F ASR* ash quality ~ 0 30 PUR/XPS foams* (F) ~ 0 3 WEEE (9 materials) HM PXDD/F ~ 0 25 * add. full scale tests co-combustion programs

2 partitioning of chlorine 2 + S 2 + H 2 2 H + S 3 bromine speciation in the raw gas

3 Hg Cd Pb Fe input = 100% boiler filter scrubber <0.01 <2 <10 < <0.05 <1 <2 percent partitioning of metals in waste incineration influence of halogens and fuel bed T on Zn volatilisation

4 influence of and on Cu volatilisation congeners: dioxins 75 furans 135 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

5 PCDD/F in MSW (20-70 ngte/kg) (100 %) < 0.2 ngte/m 3 (< 2 %) boiler 1-5 ngte/m 3 (< 10 %) ingredients: PICs (e.g. soot) halogenides ( - ) catalysts (Cu) 1-5 ngte/kg (< 5 %) 5-10 ngte/g (< 10 %) conditions: oxidising atmosphere T > 200 C PCDD/F formation in waste incineration PCDD/F formation in waste incineration

Temperaturprofil 1500 Temperatur in K 750 online-analysis 2, C 2, C, H

metals concentrations C org 2 C PCDD/F monitoring of the combustion

6 Temperaturprofil 1500 Temperatur in K 750 online-analysis 2, C 2, C, H 2, CH 4, C 6 H 6, N species, calorific value sampling PAH, PCDD/F metals concentrations C org 2 C PCDD/F monitoring of the combustion process boiler C 4-8 DD 4-8 DF 1.0E+06 B 1. flue m (ng/h). 1.0E E E+03 variable roof A 1.0E+02 A B C integral above the fuel bed inside the first flue downstream the boiler failure in combustion control

7 congeners: chlorinated 210 brominated 210 mixed halogenated 5020 polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins concentrations of PXDD/F in the TAMARA raw gas

8 waste 1000 kg boiler filter 1. scrubber 2. scrubber 2-5 kg kg kg Fe kg non Fe 3-8 kg kg mass balance of a waste incinerator (stoker furnace) residual carbon in bottom ash

9 PCDD/F in bottom ash heavy metals in bottom ash

10 ph value in bottom ash Pb elution in bottom ash

11 test on pretreated and aged bottom ashes (German DEV S4) test on combined ash (TCLP test)

12 test on fresh bottom ash (TCLP test) Dutch column leaching test for Cu on aged bottom ashes

13 conclusions from plastic co-combustion tests o o o o co-combustion with MSW is an acceptable disposal route for limited amounts of plastics with even high halogen levels high halogen inventories cause an increased volatililation of various heavy metals into the fly ashes there is no increased formation of halogenated dioxins or furans provided a good burnout is achieved the leaching stability of bottom ashes is not significantly altered conditions: o good mixing of the fuel materials o good combustion control

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