The English tenses Erklärungen zu den englischen Zeitformen finden Sie im o. g. Lehrbuch auf den Seiten 143 bis 146, den Seiten 148 und 149,

Transkript

1 The English tenses Erklärungen zu den englischen Zeitformen finden Sie im o. g. Lehrbuch auf den Seiten 143 bis 146, den Seiten 148 und 149, den Seiten 150 und 151 und den Seiten 153 und 154. Die folgende Übersicht ist als Zusammenfassung gedacht:

2 THE ENGLISH TENSES simple progressive (continuous) PRESENT Every Saturday Gary works in a fish-and- ship-shop. He lives Gary is busy at the moment. He's serving some customers. He only a short bus ride from the shop. hasn't got much time this week because he's working on a school project. Wir verwenden das simple present, um auszudrücken, dass eine Handlung immer wieder oder nie stattfindet. Es wird auch verwendet, um einen Dauerzustand zu beschreiben. Wir verwenden das present progressive, um auszudrücken, dass eine Handlung zum Zeitpunkt des Sprechens im Verlauf ist. Es wird auch verwendet, wenn die Handlung im Moment des Sprechens vorübergehend unterbrochen ist. Häufige Zeitbestimmungen: every day, always, usually, sometimes, never usw. Häufige Zeitbestimmungen: now, at the moment, this week usw. Infinitiv; 3.P.Sg.: Verb -s am, is, are + Verb -ing PAST Last year Gary decided to earn his own money. An hour ago Janet and Gary were having a cup of tea, when suddenly a lot of customers came in. Wir verwenden das simple past, um auszudrücken, dass eine Handlung in der Vergangenheit stattgefunden hat. Es kann nur verwendet werden, wenn der Zeitpunkt bekannt ist oder nach dem Zeitpunkt gefragt wird. Wir verwenden das past progressive, um auszudrücken, dass eine Handlung zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit im Verlauf war, jemand war mit etwas beschäftigt. Häufige Zeitbestimmungen: last year, an hour ago, yesterday, in 1985, during the holidays usw. regelmäßig: Verb -ed, unregelmäßige Verben: 2.Spalte was, were + Verb ing PRESENT PERFECT Gary has applied to go to university. Gary has been working in the shop for a year. Wir verwenden das simple present perfect, um auszudrücken, dass eine Handlung irgendwann stattgefunden hat. Der genaue Zeitpunkt ist unbekannt oder unwichtig; das Ergebnis ist wichtig. Häufige Zeitbestimmungen: already, before (now), ever, just, never, often, (not) yet, so far Wir verwenden das present perfect progressive, um auszudrücken, dass eine Handlung in der Vergangenheit begonnen hat und bis (oder fast bis) in die Gegenwart andauert. Häufige Zeitbestimmungen: for three hours, since ten o'clock has, have + past participle (Verb -ed, 3.Spalte) have, has been + Verb -ing PAST PERFECT Gary had read all his books before he met the author at the university. Handlung vor einer Handlung / vor einem Fakt, dass Handlung stattfand Gary had been living in London before he moved to Dover last year. Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit, Verlauf der Handlung had + past participle (Verb -ed, 3.Spalte) had been + Verb -ing FUTURE Gary will probably go to university next year. At about 7 tonight Gary will be enjoying a hot bath. Wir verwenden das will-future, um vorherzusagen, was jemand unserer Wir verwenden das will-future progressive, um vorherzusagen, womit jemand

3 Meinung nach in der Zukunft tun wird oder was sein wird. Die simple form wird verwendet - für eine Handlung, die immer wieder, oft auch gewohnheitsmäßig, oder nie stattfindet. - für eine Handlung, die eindeutig abgeschlossen ist oder sein wird. Vermutung, Hoffnung, Wünsche, Vorhersagen, (absolut) Festgelegtes zu einem Zeitpunkt in der Zukunft beschäftigt sein wird. Die progressive form wird verwendet für eine Handlung, die zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt im Verlauf war, ist oder sein wird. Die Handlung ist noch nicht abgeschlossen. Anfang und Ende sind unwichtig. Häufige Redewendungen: perhaps, maybe, probably, be sure, hope, suppose, think, imagine will + Infinitiv will be + Verb -ing BE GOING TO + INFINITIV At the weekend Gary is going to visit his friends. zum Ausdruck von Plänen, Absichten in naher Zukunft PASSIV The book is read. The book is being read. The book was read. The book was being read. The book has been read. unüblich, progressive form zu verwenden The book had been read. The book will be read. mit dem Handlungsträger (=Subjekt) wird etwas gemacht Form von "be" entsprechend der notwendigen Zeitform + past participle (regelmäßig: Verb -ed, unregelmäßig: 3.Spalte

4 Past Tenses Eine Erklärung der Zeitformen der Vergangenheit im Englischen finden Sie im Lehrbuch auf den Seiten 145 und 146. Aufgaben: Folgende Lehrbuchübungen bzw. Aufgaben sollten Sie unbedingt lösen: 1) Seite 24, Text The Bald Knight 2) Seite 25, Übung 1 3) Seite 26, Übungen 1 und 2 (linke Spalte), Übung 4 4) Seite 27, Übung 2 5) Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple or Past Perfect. 1. When we returned to the car we (see) that someone. (smash) the windows. 2. I... (realise) I. (lose) my purse when I opened my bag. 3. By the time she.... (be) eighteen she..... (visit) some capital cities in the world. 4. Paula. (drop) the cup she was holding and (burst) into tears. 5. Sally was upset when.. (you/not/eat) any of her birthday cake. - I.. (not/can) help it. I. (just/eat) a huge meal. 6. It (take) nearly four hours to drive to the garden party, and when we.. (get) there they (refuse) to let us in! Why? Because we. (forget) to bring our invitations. 7. Johnny... (spend) seven years of his life in prison before he. (realise) that the things he. (do) to get there were wrong. He. (rob) banks, he. (burgle) houses, he..(steal) cars. But, fortunately, he.. (never/kill) anyone. 6) Join the sentences, change one verb into the Past Perfect. a) I was broke. I spent all my money on clothes. b) Jane was furious. I overslept and missed the bus. c) Mary was very disappointed with her son. He failed exams. d) I was very nervous as I waited in the departure lounge. I didn t fly before. e) Jack wanted a new challenge in his work. He did the same job 10 years. f) I didn't know his name, but the face was familiar. I was sure I saw him somewhere before. g) When I got home, I was starving. I didn t have anything to eat all day. 7) Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the word in bold. 1. Barry was very excited because it was his first time on television. Never Barry before, so he was very exited. 2. He looked familiar to me, but in fact he was a complete stranger. Met Although he looked familiar to me, I. before. 3. After they had had the contract read by a lawyer, they signed it. Before They had the contract read by a lawyer it. 4. He had to write over fifty letters to get an interview. Had He got an interview only after. over fifty letters. 5. She left the office after turning off all the lights. turned

5 After. all the lights, she left the office. 6. I checked that I had my passport with me before left for the airport. After I left for the airport that I had my passport with me. 8) Seite 32, Übung 2 (linke Spalte) Future forms Eine Übersicht und Zusammenfassung der Futurformen des Englischen finden Sie im Lehrbuch auf den Seiten 148 und 149. Aufgaben: Folgende Lehrbuchübungen bzw. Aufgaben sind empfehlenswert: 1) Seite 47, Übung 4 (linke Spalte) 2) In the following pairs, one verb form is right and one is wrong. Tick the correct form. a) Have you booked your holiday? [ ] Yes, we have. We re going to Italy. [ ] Yes, we have. We ll go to Italy. b) What a beautiful day! Not a cloud in the sky! [ ] Ah, but the weather forecast says it s raining. [ ] Ah, but the weather forecast says it s going to rain. c) I thought you had just bought a fax machine. [ ] Yes, that s right. It s being delivered tomorrow. [ ] Yes, that s right. It will be delivered tomorrow. d) Please don t tell anyone. It s a secret. [ ] Don t worry. We won t tell anybody. [ ] Don t worry. We re not telling anybody. e) I haven t got enough money to pay for my ticket. [ ] It s OK. I m going to lend you some. [ ] It s OK. I ll lend you some. f) You two look really shocked. What s the matter? [ ] We ve just learnt that we re going to have twins! [ ] We ve just learnt that we ll have twins! g) Can you meet me after work? [ ] I d love to, but John s taking me out tonight. [ ] I d love to, but John ll take me out tonight. 3) Complete the sentences. Use be going to will present continuous. a) Did you buy this book? No, Anne did. She (read) it on holiday. b) Tea or coffee? I. (take) coffee, please. c) Anne and I. (meet) next Monday. d) He (study) engineering. e) She.. (spend) her holidays at home next year. f) The train.. (leave) at next Monday. g) There is no cheese in the fridge! I.. (go) and buy some Present Perfect und Simple Past (Active and Passive)

6 Eine Übersicht und Zusammenfassung zur Verwendung der beiden Zeitformen finden Sie im Lehrbuch auf den Seiten 150 und Aufgaben: Folgende Lehrbuchübungen bzw. Aufgaben sind empfehlenswert: 1) Seite 66, Übung 3 (linke Spalte) 2) Seite 66, Übung 4 (linke Spalte) 3) Seite 66, Übung 1 (rechte Spalte) 4) Seite 69, Übung 2 (linke Spalte) 5) Present Perfect and Past Simple Decide which form is appropriate. 1. Someone (ring) up half an hour ago and. (say) there was a virus in the computer data bank. We (check) it but we. (not find) anything yet. This is the third alarm we.... (have) this week. 2. Unfortunately, you.. (not pay) yet for the goods that we (deliver) last month. If you (settle) the invoice in the meantime, please ignore this reminder. 3. Harry Smith. (work) as our Production Manager for 25 years. Then he. (retire) and (go) to live abroad. It is very difficult to replace him although more than 15 people (already apply) for the job. 4. The machine we. (deliver) two weeks ago (break down) once again. Our service engineer. (still not repair) it and the customer is threatening to sue us for all the production he.. (lose). 5. I don't know what's wrong with the computer at our London branch. I.. (try) to log in to it all morning with no success. They're probably servicing the equipment although I. (tell) them to do it outside normal office hours. 6. I. (know) him for many years and can recommend him without hesitation. He is one of the most reliable workers we (ever have). 7. Sarah: What's the matter, Anne? Anne: I think I.... (forget) the password. 8. Although we.. (work) on the problem for two days now, we are no nearer to finding a solution. 9. Please check this translation for me and tell me whether I.. (make) any mistakes. 10. Peter: Why are you smiling? Paul: The boss. (just tell) me that I.. (be) promoted, and that's the best news I (have) for weeks. 11. There's nobody in the office. Mr Miller (go) out ten minutes ago and his secretary just. (leave). 6) Complete the text. Put the verbs into the Present Perfect Active or Passive. bury advise discover find block be - Strong winds are causing chaos in southern England. Many roads by fallen trees and there a number of serious motorway

7 accidents. The police motorists to stay at home unless their journey is absolutely necessary. - Three men who went missing yesterday while climbing in Scotland safe and well. - Archaeologists.. the tomb of a Pharaoh near Cairo. The tomb in the sand for over 4,000 years. 5