Succinic Acid, Biodiesel and Bio-Syngas Building Blocks for Biorefineries

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1 IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Succinic Acid, Biodiesel and Bio-Syngas Building Blocks for Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy, Task 42» Biorefineries«National German Workshop on Biorefineries Worms, Dr. Stephan Kabasci Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT Business Unit Manager»Renewable No. 1

2 IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Agenda 1. Introduction 2. Succinic acid 3. Biodiesel 4. Bio-Syngas 5. Summary No. 2

3 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft at a glance IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Itzehoe Rostock Bremen Berlin Hannover Potsdam Braunschweig Nuthetal Teltow Paderborn Magdeburg OberhausenDortmund Cottbus Halle Leipzig DuisburgSchmallenberg Schkopau Erfurt Dresden Aachen Sankt Augustin Ilmenau Jena Euskirchen Chemnitz Darmstadt Würzburg Wertheim St. Ingbert Kaiserslautern Erlangen Fürth Saarbrücken Nürnberg Pfinztal Karlsruhe Stuttgart Freising München Freiburg Oberpfaffenhofen Efringen- Holzkirchen Kirchen 58 institutes 1.5 billion budget employees Alliances and networks Microelectronics Production Fraunhofer UMSICHT Materials and components Life sciences Information and communication technology Surface technology and photonics Defense and security Networks: Energy, SusWater No. 3

4 Fraunhofer UMSICHT at a glance IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology Four Key Research Areas Biorefinery Products from Renewable Resources Matfunc Structured and Functionalized Materials Modular Energy Technologies Flexible Solutions for Sustainable Energy Systems Information Networks for Process and Energy Technology Utilization of Dispersed Know-how in Value Chains No. 4

5 Biorefineries at a glance IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms»Biorefinery is an overall concept of a processing plant where biomass feedstocks are converted and extracted into a spectrum of valuable products.«(us-doe, E3 Handbook, 2000) Biorefinery concepts should fit to regional biomass production characteristics decentralized production systems No. 5

6 IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Agenda 1. Introduction 2. Succinic acid 3. Biodiesel 4. Bio-Syngas 5. Summary No. 6

7 IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Succinic acid Platform for chemicals and polymers Succinic acid = C 4 H 6 O 4 = dicarboxylic acid HO O O OH Succinic acid can be produced from renewable resources by fermentation under consumption of carbon dioxide Succinic acid is a bifunctional molecule, that can be converted to: Monomers for high value polymers (polyamides, polyesters) Specialty chemicals and environmentally friendly solvents No. 7

8 Succinic acid Process chain IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Research group funded by the German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection and the FNR (Agency for Renewable Resources) Renewable resources Fermentation Solvents THF -Butyrolactone Dialkylsuccinates Polyester 44 BMELV/FNR, FKZ HO O O OH Monomers 1,4-Diaminobutane 1,4-Butanediol Platform Succinic acid Intermediates Succinic acid anhydride Succinodintrile Polyamide 44 No. 8

9 Succinic acid Fermentation IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Renewable resources Fermentation O OH HO O Platform Succinic acid Natronlauge (5 M) [ml] Standard 11 g/l Saccharose 17 g/l Saccharose 23 g/l Saccharose Ausbeute (g/g) [%] Zeit [h] Standard No. 9

10 Succinic acid Esterification IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms O OH HO O Platform Succinic acid Diethylsuccinate 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Diethyl succinate Monoethyl succinate Succinic acid CAT 1 (0,2 w/w) CAT 2 (0,2 w/w) CAT 3 (0,2 w/w) CAT 4 (0,2w/w) No. 10

11 Succinic acid Polymerization IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Monomers 1,4-Diaminobutane 1,4-Butanediol Polyamide 44 No. 11

12 IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Agenda 1. Introduction 2. Succinic acid 3. Biodiesel 4. Bio-Syngas 5. Summary No. 12

13 Biodiesel Novel production process IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Fats and oils are an important renewable reseource Transesterification process necessary (energy, waste) Objective: Improvement of competitiveness facilitating downstream processing accelerating reaction rate increasing ester yield addressing feedstock variabilty Novel catalysts No. 13

14 IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Biodiesel Guanidine-carbonate (G2C process) H 2 N NH 3 + H 2 N NH 3 + NH - O O - O NH FAME/TG in FAME / wt.-% FAME Triglycerides Monoglycerides Diglycerides Glycerine PG in FAME / wt.-% time / minutes No. 14

15 IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Biodiesel Advantages of the G2C-process FAME-content > 95 wt.-% in only one reaction step Short reaction times No soap formation simpler and faster phase separation reduction of washing water Facilitated downstream processing Higher tolerance to fatty acids Tremendous new glycerol quality no inorganic salt contents no purification required prior to use as raw material for fermentation (lactic acid, succinic acid, propanediol etc.) No. 15

16 IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Agenda 1. Introduction 2. Succinic acid 3. Biodiesel 4. Bio-Syngas 5. Summary No. 16

17 Biomass Bio-Syngas General process scheme IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Gasification Dust filter Tar removal S-removal CO-Shift CO 2 -rem. Oxygen Heat utilization 10 bar 30 bar Syngas Raw Syngas H 2 /CO = 1.20 Upgraded Syngas H 2 /CO = No. 17

18 Bio-Syngas Reaction overview IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms No. 18

19 Bio-Syngas Ethanol synthesis IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 3 H CO CH 3 -CH 2 -OH + CO 2 Reaction conditions: T ca. 275 ºC, p ca. 100 bar (Lit.) Heterogeneous catalysts Selectivity: 75% STY = 320 kg ethanol /Nm 3 catalyst h Research agenda: Syngas purity, esp. N 2, CO 2 Choice of catalyst, p, T Selectivity optimization Mixed alcohols C 1 - C 4 as fuel No. 19

20 IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Bio-Syngas Economics of ethanol synthesis Plant size t/a 1,6 1,4 via Pulping & Fermentation via Gasification and Synthesis Investment Pulp.&Ferm. 264 Mio Syngas 180 Mio Biomass 50 /t (db) Production cost Pulp.&Ferm. 0,85 /l Ethanol cost price [ /l] 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 Syngas 0,44 /l Biomass price [ /Mg] dry basis No. 20

21 IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Agenda 1. Introduction 2. Succinic acid 3. Biodiesel 4. Bio-Syngas 5. Summary No. 21

22 Concluding remarks IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Biorefinery is the concept of intelligent biomass utilization not a single technology or plant layout Different processes and products will be suitable for different regional conditions Fraunhofer UMSICHT is working on succinic acid, biodiesel and bio-syngas processing Further development in key technologies (catalysis, biotechnology, downstream processing, process integration ) is necessary Agricultural production system and logistics have to be integrated New concepts should be examined by LCA No. 22

23 IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms Succinic Acid, Biodiesel and Bio-Syngas Building Blocks for Biorefineries Thank you for attention Dr. Stephan Kabasci Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT Business Unit Manager»Renewable No. 23

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