USA H. Gottweis VO Einführung in die Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft WS 03/04

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1 USA

2 USA 1/2 (abhängig: American Samoa, Guam, Navassa Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, die Inseln Howland, Jarvis, Midway, Nördl. Mariana, Virgin und Wake) Amer. Unabhängigkeitsbewegung US-Verfassung (1787) Federalist Papers (A. Hamilton, J. Madison, J. Jay)

3 Amerikanische Verfassung 1.Constitutional Convention 2.geschriebene Verfassung 3.Bill of Rights (1789) 4.Separation of Powers 5.Judical Review: legal activism

4 Rollen des Präsidenten 1/2 1.Head of State 2.Commander in Chief 3.Foreign Policy Maker 4.Chief Executive

5 Rollen des Präsidenten 2/2 5.Chief Legislator 6.Economic Leader 7.Crisis Manager 8.Party Leader

6 Befugnisse des Präsidenten 1. Legal Power 2. Institutional Powers 3. Political Powers an Spitze der Verwaltung symbolische Figur

7 Institutionen The Cabinet (State, War, Treasury, General Attorney) Executive Office of the President (z.b.: Office of Management and Budget) White House Office Vizepräsident

8 White House Office 1. honest brocker, Informationsbüro 2. gibt Empfehlungen ab 3. polit. Antenne 4. organisiert Weißes Haus

9 COMMITTEE ACTION Referred to House committee INTRODUCTION HR 1 introduced in House INTRODUCTION HR S 1 2 introduced introduced in in House Senate COMMITTEE ACTION Referred to Senate committee Referred to subcommitte Veto overruled by 2/3 majority in both houses Referred to subcommitte Reported by full committee Rules Committee FLOOR ACTION House debate, vote on passage House Veto or Signature PRESIDENT The compromise version is sent from conference to each chamber for final approval CONFERENCE ACTION Senate Once both chambers have passed related bills, a conference committee of members from both houses work out the differences Reported by full committee FLOOR ACTION Senate debate, vote on passage

10 Gesetzgebungsprozess Abgeordnete, Präsident u. Verwaltung, Lobby Groups, etc. Gesetzesentwurf (Member of) House Standing Committee ev. Abänderung Committee Action Subcommittee Floor Action 1. Lesung 2. Lesung 3. Lesung Ablehnung Annahme bei unterschiedlichen Versionen Senate u. House Gesetzesentwurf an Senate Conference Committee Präsident Standing Committee Unterschrift Veto Committee Action Floor Action Override Bill 2/3 Kongressmehrheit keine Aktion

11 H. Gottweis VO Einführung in die Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft WS 03/04

12 US-System Kontinuität des polit.-institutionellen Systems (seit Ende 18. Jh.) System der Gewaltenteilung (hist. Dynamik) 5 Akteure: Präsident, Senate u. House, Bundesstaaten, lokale Regierungsebene, Supreme Court Lobby Groups

13 Zyklen der Machtbalance New Deal - F. Roosevelt Vietnamkrieg Johnson Watergate Nixon M. Lewinsky-Affäre - Clinton

14 Staatsorgane USA Ernennung der Richter auf Lebenszeit (mit Zustimmung des Senats) Aufschiebendes Veto gegen Gesetze Überprüfen der Verfassungskonformität von präs. Verwaltungshandeln PRÄSIDENT Ausgabenbewilligungsrecht Kein Auflösungsrecht OBERSTES BUNDES GERICHT SENAT 100 SENATOREN REPRÄSENTAN- TENHAUS 435 ABGEORDNETE Überprüfen der Verfassungskonformität von Gesetzen 9 Richter/Lebenszeit Wahl auf 4 Jahre KONGRESS 538 WAHLMÄNNER Wahl Wahl auf 6 Jahre (alle 2 Jahre 1/3) Wahl auf 2 Jahre WAHLBERECHTIGTE BEVÖLKERUNG

15 White House Oval Office Video Tour

16 CAPITOL

17 1992 and 1996 Presidential Election Results 1992 u 1996 President Elections Presidential Vice Presidential Political Candidate Candidate Party Popular Vote Electoral Vote William Clinton Albert Gore Democrat 47,402, % % Robert Dole Jack Kemp Republican 39,198, % % H. Ross Perot Pat Choate Reform 8,085, % 0 0% 1996 Ralph Nader Winona LaDuke Green 685, % 0 0% Harry Browne Jo Jorgensen Libertarian 485, % 0 0% Other , % 0 0% William Clinton Albert Gore Democrat 44,909, % % George Bush Dan Quayle Republican 39,103, % % 1992 H. Ross Perot James Stockdale Independent 19,741, % 0 0% Andre Marrau Nancy Lord Libertarian 291, % 0 0% Other , % 0 0%

18 2000 President Elections 7. Nov Presidential Election Results Presidential Vice Pres. Political Electoral Popular Vote Candidate Candidate Party Vote George W. Richard Bush Cheney Republican 50,459, % % Albert Joseph Gore Jr. Lieberman Democrat 51,003, % % Ralph Winona Nader LaDuke Green 2,882, % 0 0.0% Patrick Ezola Buchanan Foster Reform 449, % 0 0.0% Harry Art Browne Olivier Libertarian 384, % 0 0.0% Other , % 1 0.2%

19 Turnout Presidential Elections 2000 Total Total VAP (=Voting Age Population - all persons of 209,128,094 age 18 or over) Total REG (=Total number of registered voters) 159,725,715 Turnout 105,411,587 %TO VAP 50.41% %TO REG 66.00%

20 14. Nov Congress Elections Senate SENATE Party % 100 seats Republicans 50,2 51 Democrats 46,1 48

21 14. Nov Congress Elections House HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Party 435 % Republicans ,0 Democrats ,2

22 Iron Triangle Bureaucracy Sugar division of the Departement of Agriculture Information Approval of higher budget requests Help with constituents omplaints Rullings on sugar production and prices Information about the industry Support for agency s budget requests Congressional Subcommittees Subcommittee of the House and Senate agricultural committees Campaign contributions and support Information about the industry Legislation affecting sugar farmers and other members of the industry Interest Groups Sugar lobby (American Sugar Cane League, sugar user group,etc)

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24 Number of Employees House of Representatives Committee staff Personal staff Leadership staff * Officers of the House staff ** Senate Committee staff Personal staff Leadership staff * Officers of the Senate staff ** joint committee staffs Support agencies General Acounting Office Congressional Research Service Congressional Budget Office * Staff who worked directly for party leaders ** Includes doorkeepers, parliamentarians, etc

25 White House (Clinton Administration)