Status und Perspektiven

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1 Astroteilchenphysik in Deutschland: Status und Perspektiven 2005 DESY, Zeuthen, Oktober 2005 Kosmische Strahlung am Knie Status und Perspektiven Jörg R. Hörandel Universität Karlsruhe www-ik.fzk.de/~joerg

Astroteilchenphysik in Deutschland: Status und Perspektiven 2005 DESY, Zeuthen, 4.-5.

2 Astroteilchenphysik in Deutschland: Status und Perspektiven 2005 DESY, Zeuthen, Oktober 2005 Kosmische Strahlung am Knie JRH, astro-ph/ Jörg R. Hörandel Universität Karlsruhe www-ik.fzk.de/~joerg

3 Astroteilchenphysik in Deutschland: Status und Perspektiven 2005 DESY, Zeuthen, Oktober 2005 Kosmische Strahlung am Knie knee 2 nd knee ankle Tunka - 25 Tunka TRACER KASCADE 26x 92x LOPES -Grande galactic? JRH, astro-ph/ SPASE/ AMANDA AUGER Jörg R. Hörandel Universität Karlsruhe Ice Top/Ice Cube www-ik.fzk.de/~joerg

4 acceleration of CR in supernova remnants Fermi acceleration finite lifetime of shock front: E max ~ Z ev propagation through galaxy Leakage from Galaxy: escape probability ~ f(z) CNO rigidity dependent cut-off E k ~Z? mass dependent cut-off E k ~ A extensive air showers B = 3 μg JRH, Astrop. Phys. 21 (2004) 241 Interactions with background particles (photons, neutrinos) New particle physics in atmosphere

5 KASCADE-Grande LOPES Air shower observations AMANDA/SPASE ICE-CUBE/ICE-TOP Tunka radio emission Cerenkov light electrons electrons hadrons muons ~ MeV - GeV muons ~ TeV

6 acceleration of CR in supernova remnants Interactions propagation through galaxy extensive air showers B = 3 μg

7 KArlsruhe Shower Core and Array DEtector eē+ e + e - γ γ π 0 p p π + n π - Simultaneous measurement of electromagnetic, muonic, hadronic shower components µ - γ γ γ e + e - e - e + γ π 0 µ - e - π - π 0 p p n p π - π - n n π + µ + T. Antoni et al, Nucl. Instr. & Meth. A 513 (2004) 490

8 KASCADE: Test of hadronic interaction models previously present J. Milke et al., 29 th ICRC, Pune (2005)

9 QGSJET 01 New models with composition Number of hadrons vs. number of muons N e -N µ analysis χ 2 distribution J. Milke et al., 29 th ICRC, Pune (2005)

10 Baikal - Limits on HE Muon Flux : Exotic Muons Flux prediction and flux limits Use the high energy cascade sample to test various HE muon and/or neutrino signal spectra. Testing the predicted Exotic Muon Component (Petrukhin 1999, 2002), postulated to explain the CRknee by the onset of new physics at E thr 1 PeV, that pumps EAS energy to exotic muons. The limit for E -2 spectrum (γ=2) shows the model rejection power! R. Wischnewski et al., astro-ph/ A detailed limit calculation for exotic μ predictions is in progress.

11 acceleration of CR in supernova remnants Sources propagation through galaxy extensive air showers B = 3 μg

12 Acceleration of particles in supernova remnant p, O, Fe p e - γ π 0 γ ~kev ~TeV γ γ ASCA SN R RX J H.E.S.S.: TeV-Gamma rays ASCA: X-rays (kev) H.E.S.S. Experiment Namibia F.A. Aharonian, Nature 432 (2004) 75

13 KASCADE: Small scale anisotropy point source search T. Antoni et al., ApJ 608 (2004) 865 no indication for point sources γ flux upper limit visible sky +-3 around galactic plane

14 acceleration of CR in supernova remnants Propagation propagation through galaxy extensive air showers B = 3 μg

15 Anisotropy amplitude vs energy T. Antoni et al, ApJ 604 (2004) cos 2 sin 2 + = = = n i i n i i n n R α α r Rayleigh vector

16 acceleration of CR in supernova remnants Energy spectra & Mass composition propagation through galaxy extensive air showers B = 3 μg

17 SPASE-2 / AMANDA-B10 (South Pole) N e 1500 m E μ ρ e (30 m) E μ > 300 GeV 1980 m 120 m Rawlins et al, Proc. 28th ICRC, Tsukuba 1 (2003) 173

18 Mean logarithmic mass JRH astro-ph/ < i lna >= ri * lna

19 Tunka - 25 Light intensity Corsika,2000 m This part depends mainly on distance to shower maximum E = 2 PeV up to R ~ 30 m: exponential This part depends mainly on energy Ch. Spiering, DPG 2005

20 X max <lna> JRH astro-ph/ J. Phys. G, 29 (2003) 2439

21 KASCADE: Primary proton spectrum reconstructed from unaccompanied hadrons primary flux Φ 0 CORSIKA/ QGSJET Φ hadr T. Antoni et al, ApJ 612 (2004) 914

22 Two dimensional shower size spectrum lg N e vs. lg N μ KASCADE A E 0 derive E 0 and A from N e and N μ data Fredholm integral equations of 1 st kind: g i (lg N e,lg N ti T. Antoni et al., Astropart. Phys. 24 (2005) 1 μ ) = (lg N,lg N E) p ( E) de 0 e μ i

interpretation limited by description of interactions

23 KASCADE: Energy spectra for elemental groups Knee caused by cut-off for light elements Astrophysical interpretation limited by description of interactions in the atmosphere T. Antoni et al., Astropart. Phys. 24 (2005) 1

24 Proton Helium JRH astro-ph/

25 CNO O CNO Iron JRH astro-ph/ D. Müller et al., Proc. 29 th ICRC, Pune (2005) D. Müller et al., Proc. 29 th ICRC, Pune (2005)

26 Astroteilchenphysik in Deutschland: Status und Perspektiven 2005 DESY, Zeuthen, Oktober 2005 Kosmische Strahlung am Knie Status und Perspektiven Jörg R. Hörandel Universität Karlsruhe www-ik.fzk.de/~joerg

27 KASCADE GRANDE Array 37 detector stations 370 m 2 e/γ: Scintillation counter KASCADE 200 m x 200 m 700 m 700 m G. Navarra et al., Nucl Instr & Meth A 518 (2004) 207 Installation of FADC system in progress

28 KASCADE-Grande N e -N µ correlation measurements preliminary R. Glasstetter et al., Proc. 29 th ICRC, Pune (2005)

29 Ice Cube/Ice Top

30 Ice Cube/Ice Top

31 The first IceCube-IceTop coincident event Status after 04/05 deployment season: 4 Ice Top stations (2 tanks each) deployed in December st Ice Cube string deployed in January 2005 Plan for 2006: 12 stations 0.12 km 2 10 IceCube strings

TUNKA-133 Expected statistic from 1 year operation ( 400 hours): > 3 10 15 ev ~ 3.

32 TUNKA-133 Expected statistic from 1 year operation ( 400 hours): > ev ~ events > ev ~ 200 events > ev ~ 5 events Ch. Spiering, DPG 2005

33 Tunka-133 EMI D668 for pulse form analysis Ch. Spiering, DPG 2005

34 LOPES Detection of radio emission from air showers 30 antennas operating at KASCADE-Grande Nature 435 (2005) 313

35 Radio signal dependence on angle with respect to geomagnetic field number of muons (i.e. primary energy) 60 0 ~ 4*10 16 ev ~ 2*10 17 ev Geosynchroton emission Radio signal increases with energy Nature 435 (2005) 313

36 Overlap between direct and indirect measurements Aspen workshop, April 2005: Below the knee Working Group Direct measurements of heavy nuclei Next generation TRD on long duration balloon flight or in space Hadrons at high altitude surviving protons 500 g/cm 2 1 PeV: ~ 6.5 λ i 320 m 2 sr 0.5 m 2 sr effective ideal: combination with air Cerenkov detector for calibration

37 Astroteilchenphysik in Deutschland: Status und Perspektiven 2005 DESY, Zeuthen, Oktober 2005 Kosmische Strahlung am Knie Status: Beschreibung der Wechselwirkungen in der Atmosphäre verbessert Mittlere Masse steigt als Funktion der Energie an (Kniebereich) Knie verursacht durch Abbruch des Flusses leichter Elemente Astrophysikalische Interpretation limitiert durch Verständnis der WW in der Atmosphäre Perspektiven (neue/aktuelle Experimente): KASCADE-Grande LOPES (Nachweis von Radiosignalen) Ice Cube/Ice Top Tunka-133 Direkte Messung schwerer Elemente mit TRD Hadronen in großer Höhe Protonspektrum } } galaktisch extragalaktisch ev direkt indirekt ev Jörg R. Hörandel, Universität Karlsruhe www-ik.fzk.de/~joerg

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