TH Köln Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Renewable Energies. TU-Dresden Chair of Agricultural Systems and Technology

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1 TH Köln Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Renewable Energies TU-Dresden Chair of Agricultural Systems and Technology Contributing Project Partners: Slide 1

2 AGENDA 1. Complexity of AG Processes and Machinery 2. Short Insight Discrete-Element-Method (DEM) 3. ADALS Slide 2

3 p(g x ) PROCESS COMPLEXITY WITHIN AG MACHINERY x G 1 G 2 G 3 y x 1 x 2 y 1 = G 1 x 1, x 2 y 2 = G 2 (x 1, x 2 ) y 3 = G 3 (x 1, x 2 ) y 4 = G 4 (x 1, x 2 ) y 1 st Interconnectedness 3 rd Lack of Transparency x G(x, x ) 2 nd Internal Dynamics y 4 th Fuzziness G x Slide 3

4 MAIN SIMULATION TOOLS Abstract Process Model Engine (ST) Subject Instrument Object HARVESTER Objective Fig1. Activity Process Model (after Leontjew) Electrics (ST) Driveline (MBS,ST) Abbreviations: CFD Continuous Fluid Dynamics FEM Finite Element Method MBS Multi Body Simulation ST System Theory Transfer Functions Control (ST) Hydraulics (ST, CFD) Structure & Mechanisms (MBS, FEM, ST) Slide 4

5 DISCRETE-ELEMENT-METHOD (DEM) Fig 3a: Detail Fig 1: Rotating drum laboratory simulation with wheat Fig 2: Rotating drum computer simulation with spheres Fig 3b: Stream Slide 5

6 DEM - THE LEVEL OF DETAIL AND WORKING PARADIGM Fig. 1: 3D-scan of an individual wheat kernel surface (GFMesstechnik, Teltow) Fig. 2: level of definition Slide 6

7 DISCRETE-ELEMENT-METHOD (DEM) Virtual Mock-up Slide 7

8 ADALS INITIAL SETUP Properties ADALS Geometry Classes Material Parameter Set Simulation Reference Exp. & Simulations Slide 8

9 DATA INTERPOLATION reduced property set NEW point estimator NEW estimated properties and behaviour KNOWN 1 KNOWN 2 KNOWN 4 KNOWN 3 field of properties and behaviour Slide 9

10 MODELLING PROPERTY-RELATIONS p 2 Data- View p 1 p 2 p 3 p 1 p 2 Analytic Model p 1 p 3 KNOWN KNOWN KNOWN KNOWN field of properties and behaviour Slide 10

11 MATERIAL PROPERTIES FOR SIMULATION Literature: Kutzbach Youngs-Modulus True Density Uniaxial Compression Literature: Kutzbach Particle Friction Slide 11

12 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Thousand Grain Weight True Density Morphology Compression Friction Bulk Density Angle of Repose Rotating Drum Slide 12

13 LABORATORY SETUP TRUE DENSITY Fig 1: Air pycnometer (UGT) Fig 2: Air pycnometer, function Slide 13

14 LABORATORY SETUP MORPHOLOGY Fig. 1: 2D-Scan of round grain rice Fig. 2: Contour extraction of round grain rice Slide 14

15 Minor Axis in mm LABORATORY SETUP MORPHOLOGY 3,2 2,7 Ellipsis Axis round grain rice p50-round grain rice Basmati p50-basmati parboiled-rice p50-parboiled rice 2,2 1,7 1,2 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5 7 7,5 8 8,5 Major Axis in mm Slide 15

16 d F Compression Force LABORATORY SETUP COMPRESSION F F 0,5 k H d 3 R U E R U R L1 R L2 R L d Deformation F Slide 16

17 LABORATORY SETUP/ FRICTION Principle Implementation Detail : friction test (lentils) Slide 17

18 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP ROTATING DRUM Slide 18

19 Ellipsis ratio True Density in kg/m³ PROPERTY RELATION (EXAMPLE) 6 5,5 5 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 Ellipsis ratio and Bulk Density 1,6 1,5 1,4 1,3 1,2 1,1 True Density and Bulk Density Wheat Rape seeds Cl001 A Barley Basmati Parboiled Round grain rice Lentils Bulk Density in kg/m³ Bulk Density in kg/m³ Airsoft Slide 19

20 CONCLUSION Variety of granular material properties assessed True Density, Bulk Density Young s Modulus and Material Damping Morphology Friction Rotating Drum Angle of repose Database Reduction in efforts parameter determination via Data Interpolation Questioning the necessity of detailed shapes Proof of concept for the rotating drum s angle of dynamic repose P35-B14 Slide 20