Natural selection on disease resistance implemented in a selective breeding program. Ralph Büchler, Marina Meixner, Ina Heidinger

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1 Natural selection on disease resistance implemented in a selective breeding program Ralph Büchler, Marina Meixner, Ina Heidinger LLH Bee Institute, Kirchhain, Germany ralph.buechler@llh.hessen.de

2 Two step selection strategy 1. Pre-selection in large population Uniform and simple test criteria including: Productivity, gentleness, low swarming mite infestation development hygienic behavior (pin test) Estimation of breeding values 2. Final selection under infestation pressure Viability test of breeder colonies Tolerance mating stations for drone colonies 2 ralph.buechler@llh.hessen.de

3 Field testing on Varroa infestation development mite population infestation check March July course of season 3 ralph.buechler@llh.hessen.de

4 3 weeks natural mite mortality during Salix blossom Varroa washed out from about 30 g of bees mite population infestation check March July course of season

5 Field testing on hygienic behavior 5 ralph.buechler@llh.hessen.de

6 Population size ralph.buechler@llh.hessen.de

7 Heritability and genetic correlation (preliminary values) Field test character h 2 rg Varroa inf. development 0,24 Hygienic behavior 0,29-0,57 Online access to all breeding values: ralph.buechler@llh.hessen.de

Viability test of pre-selected colonies regular bee population & disease control (Varroa, Nosema, viruses) no disease treatments but: exclusion of

8 Viability test of pre-selected colonies regular bee population & disease control (Varroa, Nosema, viruses) no disease treatments but: exclusion of colonies regarding threshold values Selection criteria: colony survival overwintering index 8 ralph.buechler@llh.hessen.de

9 Varroa infestation threshold 40 losses survivors p<0,001 U-Test mites/10 g bees July August September October 9 ralph.buechler@llh.hessen.de

10 Infestation development and survival rate of five sistergroups (vitality test 2008) % 25% mites/10g bees % 66% ralph.buechler@llh.hessen.de

11 Overwintering index of survivors 1,4 spring- / autumn-population 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0, colonies 11 ralph.buechler@llh.hessen.de

12 Vitality test apiaries

Tolerance mating stations (Several) selected drone lines Drone colonies without chemical treatments Adapted management concept Involvement of surrounding

13 Tolerance mating stations (Several) selected drone lines Drone colonies without chemical treatments Adapted management concept Involvement of surrounding beekeepers Compensation of drone losses by a sufficient number of drone colonies (30 100) 13 ralph.buechler@llh.hessen.de

14 Effects of Varroa infestation on male fitness Varroa infestation Correlation depending on season r = - 0,294 ns r = - 0,299 ns r = - 0,391 * r = - 0, 074 ns Colony development r = 0,572 ** Number of drones Mating success of drones r = 0,559 ** Number of matings r = 0,317 ns r = 0,279ns r = - 0,377 ns Descendants per mating Number of descendants 14 ralph.buechler@llh.hessen.de

15 Adapted colony management: complete brood removal once a season 15 ralph.buechler@llh.hessen.de

16 Varroa infestation of drone colonies (Norderney 2005) Bee infestation [%] 30 Once withdrawal of sealed brood N = ralph.buechler@llh.hessen.de

17 Tolerance mating stations in 2008 Mating station since No of drone colonies No of drone lines No of queens Gehlberg Haßberge Jasnitz Mönchgut Norderney Unije ca ralph.buechler@llh.hessen.de

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