Decentralised Water Treatment - International Perspective Dr.-Ing. Elmar Dorgeloh
PIA e.v. Centre for Development and Assessment in Wastewater Technology Aachen PIA GmbH Testing Institute for Wastewater Technology
PIA Research and Development R&D-Projects: Decentralised Wastewater treatment by using membrane-based concepts Wastewater treatment on board Passenger Ships Wastewater reuse on Camping Sites
PIA - Testing Institute for Wastewater Technology Testing of small wastewater treatment systems according to international standards Testing of ship wastewater treatment systems Testing of greywater treatment systems Testing of wetlands Testing wastewater pumping stations Testing of septic tanks Testing and calibration of flow measurement systems Consulting and information concerning CE-Marking of wastewater products
Waste Water in NRW 2008 (18 Mio. People) Receiving Water Wastewater: Mio. m³/a Combined water discharge 252 Combined wastewater and wastewater sewer Waste Water Treatment Plant 2,768 Precipitation Household wastewater Indirect discharge Sludge Industry - Direct discharge 784 Rainwater sewer 765 Rainwater with treatment 69 Rainwater run-off from roads 749 Small Wastewater Treatment Systems 24 Sum: 5,411 Mio m3
Waste Water in NRW 2008 (18 Mio. People) Waste Water: 5,411 Mio m³/a TOC - Load: 82,754 t/a Communal WTPs 51% Industry Direct Discharge 14% Combined Water Discharge 5% Rainwater Run-off from roads 14% 2% 27% 25% 11% 23% 12% SWTS < 1% Rainwater Discharge (Separate Sewer) 15%
Problems with water (rain) Annual Rainfall: Germany: < 40 - > 190 cm dpa, 2008 welt.de
Problems with Climate Change
Decentralised: New approach Reducing the potential of destruction: Protection of objects BMVBW 2003
Basic Conditions: Population density P/sqkm 500 1,274 Malta Mean Europe: 103 P/sqkm 400 Belgium Netherland 300 200 Germany 100 France Iceland Sweden
Basic Conditions: Water level Google earth
Europe connection to sewer system Poland Finland Slovakia France Slovenia Spain 40 % Hungary Czech Republic 100 % Cyprus Ireland Rumania Ukraine Belarus Estonia Italy Latvia Portugal Germany Sweden Netherlands Switzerland England
Wastewater Regulation Effluent Quality [mg/l] 160 140 120 100 80 60 Germany AbwV Annex 1: Household and urban Wastewater 40 20 0 COD BOD5 Schröder, 2008 NH4-N Ntot Ptot GK 5 GK 1 GK 2 GK 3 GK 4 < 1,000 PT < 5,000 PT < 10,000 PT < 100,000 PT > 100,000 PT
Existing Infrastructure Waterworks AKWA 2100 Drinking Water 97 l/e*d Rain Water Rain Consumption 46 l/e*d 3 l/e*d Rain Water 14 l/e*d Waste Water 94 l/e*d Percolation Rain Water 29 l/e*d Combined Water Discharge Receiving Water WTP Receiving Water
Scenario for flexible Water- and Wastewater System AKWA 2100 Fertilizer Rainwater/ Grey-, Brownwater- Percolation Rainwatersewer Rain water Brownwater Treatment Yellowater Storage Greywater Treatment Cleaning Water Treatment Drinking Water Treatment
Scenario for flexible Water- and Wastewater System Rain Rain Water 37 l/p*d Rainwater 6 l/p*d Rain Water 3 l/p*d Grey Water 14 l/p*d Drinking Water Cleaning Water Value Water Drinking Water 6 l/p*d Cleaning Water 51 l/p*d Value Water 3 l/p*d AKWA 2100 Percolation Brown Water 16 l/p*d Grey Water 24 l/p*d Industry Reuse Water Grey Water 13 l/p*d Grey Water Brown Water Yellow Water Reuse Water 13 l/p*d Consumption 3 l/p*d Grey Water 51 l/p*d Brown Water 16 l/p*d Yellow Water 2 l/p*d
Techniques: Use of Rainwater
Techniques: Grey Water Treatment Wastewater source Total wastewater Total grey water % Total Litres/day % Total Litres/day Toilet 32 186 - - Hand basin 5 28 8 28 Bath/shower 33 193 54 193 Kitchen 7 44 - - Laundry 23 135 38 135 Total 100 586 100 356 Quelle: GEP Umwelttechnik GmbH
Techniques: Separation Toilettes Vacuum for Faecal Matter 0,7 2 l per flush Gravity for Urin Vacuum plant for Separation Toilettes WWTP Berlin-Stahnsdorf
Techniques: Biogas Plant Biogas Plant for Brown Water and Biowaste
Techniques: Waste Water Treatment Plant Küchenabwasser Sonstiger Zulauf Siebschnecke Nitrifikation mit ZeeWeed Fettabscheider Permeatbehälter Desinfektion Schlamm- Speicher Absackung Pufferbehälter Denitrifikation Ablauf Bahn-Transport Maximum: 8,000 People/d COD < 30 mg/l NH4-N < 2 mg/l
Techniques: Remote Monitoring Tromellini, Ferrari, Croci, 2008
Quality Control: Remote Monitoring Tromellini, Ferrari, Croci, 2008
SWTS: Market in Europe 3,000,000 France Turkey 2,500,000 Ukrainia 2,000,000 Spain 1,500,000 1,000,000 Germany Italy 500,000 Sweden
Small Wastewater Treatment Systems Aerated sludge reactor Fixed film reactor Moving bed reactor SBR Trickling filter Membrane bioreactor Constructed wetland Tank Reactor Machine Construction products
SWTS: CE-Conformity Marking EPUR S.A. Rue de la Bureautique 1 B - 4460 Grace Hollogne 07 EN 12566-3
Decentralised Sanitation Systems Adopted Solutions
PIA - Centre for Development and Assessment in Wastewater Technology Dr.-Ing. Elmar Dorgeloh PIA RWTH Aachen Mies-van-der-Rohe-Str. 1 D 52074 Aachen dorgeloh@pia.rwth-aachen.de www.pia.rwth-aachen.de