Forensic Aspects of Pediatric Fractures

Transkript

1 Forensic Aspects of Pediatric Fractures Differentiating Accidental Trauma from Child Abuse Bearbeitet von Rob A. C. Bilo, Simon G. F. Robben, Rick R. van Rijn 1. Auflage Buch. xvi, 209 S. Hardcover ISBN Format (B x L): 19,3 x 26 cm Gewicht: 1017 g Recht > Strafrecht > Rechtsmedizin Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 1 General Aspects of Fractures in Child Abuse Introduction Incidence of Fractures in Children Difference Between Fractures in Children and Adults Fracture Type and Location The Healing and Remodelling of Fractures Fractures: Differential Diagnosis Spontaneous Fractures: Pathological Fractures? Cause of Fractures in Relation to Age and Level of Development Fractures in Child Abuse Specificity of Fractures in Child Abuse The Value of Haematomas in Differential Diagnosis Characteristics of the Anamnesis Perpetrators and Victims The Role of the Radiologist When Child Abuse Is Suspected Ethical Dilemmas in Suspicion of Child Abuse References Head Introduction Signs, Symptoms and Complications Biomechanical Aspects of Fractures of the Cranium Static Loading Dynamic Loading Possible Injuries from Dynamic Impact Loading Types of Skull Fracture Linear Fractures Complex Fractures Depression Fractures and Ping-Pong Deformation Skull Fractures and Intracranial Injury Skull Fractures: Differential Diagnosis Skull Fractures and Child Abuse Type of Skull Fracture and Child Abuse Differential Diagnosis Between Non-accidental and Accidental Fractures xi

3 xii 2.7 Growing Fractures of the Skull Epidemiology Etiology Growing Skull Fractures and Child Abuse Pathogenesis Clinical Symptoms Complications Diagnostics and Treatment The Dating of Skull Fractures Basilar Fractures Battle s Sign Racoon s Eyes Facial Fractures and Dental Damage Dental Trauma Orbit and Zygomatic Arch Fractures Fractures of the Nasal Septum References Ribs Introduction Signs, Symptoms and Complications Biomechanical Aspects of Rib Fractures Static Loading: Compression Dynamic Impact Loading: Direct Impact of External Force Rib Fractures and Child Abuse Posterior Rib Fractures Fractures of the First Rib Injuries to the Costochondral Junction Rib Fractures as Indication for Respiratory Obstruction by Chest Compression Rib Fractures: Differential Diagnosis Rib Fractures in Birth Trauma Rib Fractures and Resuscitation Rib Fractures and Physiotherapy Rib Fractures in Premature Infants Rib Fractures in Serious Coughing Fits Rib Fractures from Other Rare Causes References Clavicles, Scapulas, Sternum, Vertebrae and Pelvis Clavicles Introduction Signs, Symptoms and Complications Clavicle Fractures and Physical Violence Clavicle Fracture: Differential Diagnosis Sternum Introduction Sternum Fractures and Child Abuse Sternum Fractures: Differential Diagnosis... 69

4 xiii 4.3 Scapula Fractures Introduction Scapula Fracture: Differential Diagnosis Fractures of the Vertebrae Introduction Symptoms and Complications Injuries to the Cervical Spine Injuries to the Thoracic Spine Spinal Fractures: Differential Diagnosis Fractures of the Pelvis References The Extremities Introduction Anatomy and Physiology Shaft Fractures General Aspects of Shaft Fractures Biomechanical Aspects Injuries to Metaphysis and Epiphysis Salter-Harris Classification The Metaphyseal Corner Fracture Humerus General Aspects of Humerus Fractures Humerus Fractures in Child Abuse Humerus Fractures: Differential Diagnosis Radius and Ulna General Aspects of Fractures of the Lower Arm Fractures of the Radial and/or Ulnar Shaft in Child Abuse Nursemaid s Elbow Femur General Aspects of Femoral-Shaft Fractures Aetiology and Pathogenesis Differentiation Based on Age and Level of Development Tibia and Fibula General Aspects of Fractures of the Lower Leg Isolated (Spiral) Fracture of the Tibia Shaft Fractures of the Lower Extremities Hands and Feet Subperiosteal Haemorrhages/Calcifications Growth-Retardation Lines General Aspects of Growth-Retardation Lines Growth-Retardation Lines and Non-organic Failure to Thrive References Accidental Trauma Introduction

5 xiv 6.2 Fractures Resulting from Birth Trauma General Aspects of Birth Trauma-Related Fractures Incidence and Prevalence of Fractures Resulting from Birth Accidental Fractures Introduction Anamnesis The Level of Development of the Child Data from the Literature Short-Distance Fall Introduction Data from the Literature Conclusions Fall with a Baby Walker Introduction Data from the Literature Conclusions Baby Bouncer-Related Injuries Introduction Data from the Literature Conclusions Fall from Bunk Bed Introduction Data from the Literature Conclusions Fall from a Perambulator Introduction Data from the Literature Conclusions Fall from a High Chair Introduction Data from the Literature Conclusions Fall from a Staircase Introduction Data from the Literature Conclusions Fall from a Shopping Trolley Introduction Data from the Literature Conclusions Fall from a Trampoline Introduction Data from the Literature Conclusions Fall from a Considerable Height Introduction Data from the Literature and Conclusions

6 xv 6.14 Fractures Resulting from Daily Care and Medical Procedures Introduction Daily Care Medical Procedures Sports Fractures Introduction Data from the Literature References Normal Variants, Congenital and Acquired Disorders Introduction Normal Variants Osteogenesis Imperfecta Introduction Clinical Presentation Additional Examinations Osteogenesis Imperfecta and Child Abuse Rickets Introduction Rickets Vitamin-D-Deficient Rickets Rickets and Child Abuse Syndromes and Congenital Disorders Introduction Sickle Cell Anaemia Alagille Syndrome Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Congenital Pseudarthrosis Caffey s Disease Menkes Syndrome Pain Insensitivity in Spina Bifida Congenital Pain Insensitivity Skeletal Dysplasias Introduction Metaphyseal Chondroplasia Type Schmid Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia Corner Fracture Type Metabolic Disorders Introduction Osteopetrosis Osteoporosis Dysostosis Multiplex Congenita Hypophosphatasia Infectious Diseases Introduction Osteomyelitis Chronic Relapsing Multifocal Osteomyelitis Congenital Syphilis

7 xvi 7.9 Oncological Diseases Introduction Malignancies Benign Diseases Medication-Related Abnormalities Introduction Corticosteriods Methotrexate Hypervitaminosis A Prostaglandines Bisphosphonates Other Disorders Blount s Disease Epilepsy Vitamine-C Deficiency Temporary Brittle-Bone Disease? References Radiology in Suspected Child Abuse Introduction Conventional Radiology Guidelines Adequacy of Examination Bone Scintigraphy Effectivity of Bone Scintigraphy Versus Conventional Radiology Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Postmortem Imaging References Fracture Dating Introduction Anamnestic and Clinical Manifestations Radiological Characteristics Follow-Up Radiological Examination for the Benefit of Dating Exceptions Use of Other Imaging Techniques Critical Analysis of Prior Data Historical Fracture Dating of Fresh and Dried Bone Tissue Introduction Materials and Methods Fracture Dating Examples of Fracture Dating References References Index