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2 I NHALTSVERZEICHNIS Object Pascal - Grundlagen Programmierung 1 Einführung Was Sie wissen sollten Was ist ein Compiler? Was ist Object Pascal? Verfügbare Compiler und Entwicklungsumgebungen Installations- und Bedienungs hinweise für ausgewählte Compiler Borland Turbo Pascal Free Pascal Borland Delphi Borland Kylix Aufbau eines Pascal-Programms Programmaufbau Units Vergeben von Namen Dateneingabe und -ausgabe Eingabeanweisungen Ausgabeanweisungen Fehlerbehandlung mit Exceptions Übung Grundlegende Sprachelemente Einführung ReservierteWörter Bezeichner Direktiven Compiler-Direktiven Kommentare Anweisungen und Anweisungsblöcke Ausdrücke Variablen, Konstanten und Datentypen - Überblick Variablen Konstanten Standarddatentypen Numerische Datentypen Zeichen-Datentypen Boolesche Datentypen Der Datentyp Variant Operatoren Übung Kontrollstrukturen Grundlagen Die if- then-anweisung Die if- then- else-anweisung Die case -Anweisung Die for-anweisung Die while-anweisung Die repeat - until -Anweisung Weitere Kontrollstrukturen Zusammenfassung aller Kontrollstrukturen Übung Komplexe Datentypen Benutzerdefinierte Datentypen Aufzählungstypen Teilbereichstypen Mengentypen Statische Felder Dynamische Felder Recordtypen Dateitypen Gepackte Typen Übung Prozeduren und Funktionen Prozedurale Programmierung Prozeduren Einfache Prozeduren Prozeduren mit Wertübergabe Prozeduren mit Variablenübergabe Funktionen Prozeduren und Funktionen vorzeitig verlassen Vordefinierte Prozeduren und Funktionen Die Vorwärtsdeklaration Prozeduren und Funktionen verschachteln Prozeduren und Funktionen überladen Standardparameter Array-Parameter Rekursion Prozedurale Datentypen Übung Zeiger Grundlagen Zeiger auf Variablen Zeiger auf Prozeduren bzw. Funktionen Dynamische Speicherverwaltung Zeigerarithmetik Zeigerkonstanten Standard-Zeigertypen Besonderheiten untypisierter Zeiger Dynamische Datenstrukturen Übung

3 Inhaltsverzeichnis I 8 Klassen und Objekte Grundlagen der objektorientierten Programmierung Klassen und Instanzen Vorwärtsdeklaration von Klassen Eigenschaften Konstruktoren und Destruktoren Standard-Konstruktoren und -Destruktoren Eigene Konstruktoren und Destruktoren Objektfreigabe mit Free Self Klassenmethoden Übung Vererbung Grundlagen Klassenhierarchien Sichtbarkeitsattribute im Überblick Übung Polymorphismus Einleitung Klassenelemente redeklarieren Klassenelemente überschreiben Klassenelemente überladen Die Klassenoperatoren is und as Metaklassen Übung Schnittstellen Einführung Schnittstellen deklarieren Schnittstellen implementieren Schnittstellen delegieren Schnittstellen-Umwandlungen Übung Stichwortverzeichnis...166

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11 Grundlegende Sprachelemente 3,P 3URJUDPPFRGH vpreis := vnetto * ( ); LVW GLH 9HUZHQGXQJ GHU.RQVWDQWHQ VFKZHUHU YHUVWlQGOLFK DOV LQ const cmwst = 0.16;... vpreis := vnetto * (1 + cmwst); bqghuw VLFK GLH + KH GHU 0HKUZHUWVWHXHU P VVHQ 6LH EHL 9HUZHQGXQJ HLQHU.RQVWDQWHQ GLHVHQ :HUW VWDWW LP JHVDPWHQ 3URJUDPPTXHOOWH[W QXU DQ HLQHU 6WHOOH lqghuq.rqvwdqwhq YHUHLQIDFKHQ GLH /HVEDUNHLW XQG HUOHLFKWHUQ GLH :DUWXQJ,KUHV 3URJUDPPV 6LH HQWKDOWHQ GLH XQYHU lqghuolfkhq %HVWDQGWHLOH,KUHV 3URJUDPPV XQG ZHUGHQ LQ W\SLVLHUWH XQW\SLVLHUWH XQG YRUGHILQLHUWH.RQVWDQWHQ XQWHUWHLOW %HL GHU 'HNODUDWLRQ W\SLVLHUWHU.RQVWDQWHQ ZLUG LP 8QWHUVFKLHG ]X GHQ XQW\SLVLHUWHQ.RQVWDQWHQ GHU 'DWHQW\S IHVWJHOHJW 9RUGHILQLHUWH.RQVWDQWHQ VLQG EHUHLWV LP &RPSLOHU GHNODULHUW Syntax der untypisierten Konstantendeklaration ; 'LH.RQVWDQWHQYHUHLQEDUXQJ ZLUG PLW GHP 6FKO VVHOZRUW const HLQJHOHLWHW ; 'LH 1DPHQ GHU.RQVWDQWHQ ZHUGHQ GLUHNW QDFK GHP 6FKO VVHO ZRUW const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const cname1 = Konstante; cname2 = Ausdruck; ; Notizen

12 3 Object Pascal - Grundlagen Programmierung Beispiel 5LFKWLJ const cpi = 3.14; cmwst = 0.16; cprogrammname = DELPHI ; )DOVFK const cpi = 3.14, PII = 3.15;{Aufzählung ist nicht erlaubt.} 2PI = 3.14; {Name darf nicht mit einer Zahl nen.} Beispiel: Mwst.dpr bzw. Mwst.pas 'DV 3URJUDPP IRUGHUW QDFK GHP 6WDUW ]XU (LQJDEH HLQHV 1HWWREHWUDJV DXI 1DFK HUIROJWHU (LQJDEH ZLUG GLH 0HKUZHUWVWHXHU YRQ DGGLHUW XQG GHU %UXWWREHWUDJ DXVJHJHEHQ program MWST; {$APPTYPE CONSOLE} vpreis, vnetto: Double; const cmwst = 0.16; WriteLn( Bitte einen Netto-Betrag eingeben! ); ReadLn(vNetto); vpreis := vnetto * (1.0 + cmwst); WriteLn( Der Brutto-Betrag ist:, vpreis:8:2); WriteLn( Zum Beenden RETURN betaetigen! ); ReadLn; end. 'DV LVW HLQH 'HOSKL.\OL[&RPSLOHU'LUHNWLYH GDPLW 'HOSKL.\OL[ HUNHQQW GDVV HV VLFK XP HLQH.RQVROHQ$QZHQGXQJ KDQGHOW %HLP 7XUER3DVFDO&RPSLOHU PXVV GLH 'LUHNWLYH GXUFK {$N+} HUVHW]W ZHUGHQ GDPLW GLHVHU &RPSLOHU PLW 'RXEOH:HUWHQ XPJHKHQ NDQQ %HL )UHH 3DVFDO XQWHU DQGHUHP EHQ WLJHQ 6LH NHLQH &RPSLOHU'LUHNWLYH 'DV JLOW DXFK I U GLH IROJHQGHQ %HLVSLHOSURJUDPPH 'DV 6FKO VVHOZRUW OHLWHW GLH 9DULDEOHQGHNODUDWLRQ HLQ (V ZHUGHQ ]ZHL 9DULDEOHQ YRP 'DWHQW\S Double GHNODULHUW 'LHVH HQWKDOWHQ VSlWHU GHQ 1HWWR XQG GHQ %UXWWREHWUDJ 'DV 6FKO VVHOZRUW const OHLWHW GHQ.RQVWDQWHQGHNODUDWLRQVWHLO HLQ 'LH.RQVWDQWH cmwst ZLUG GHNODULHUW XQG JOHLFK]HLWLJ LQLWLDOLVLHUW +LHU EHJLQQW GHU $QZHLVXQJVWHLO GHV 3URJUDPPV 'LH $XIIRUGHUXQJ ]XP (LQJHEHQ HLQHV %HWUDJV ZLUG DXVJHJHEHQ +LHU HUIROJW GLH hehujdeh GHV HLQJHJHEHQHQ :HUWHV DQ GLH 9DULDEOH vnetto 'LH %HUHFKQXQJ ZLUG DXVJHI KUW 'HU :HUW GHU 9DULDEOHQ vpreis ZLUG DXI PD[LPDO 6WHOOHQ GDYRQ 1DFKNRPPDVWHOOHQ IRUPDWLHUW DXVJHJHEHQ $Q GLHVHU 6WHOOH ZLUG GHU %HQXW]HU DXIJHIRUGHUW GDV 3URJUDPP PLW GHU 7DVWH RETURN ]X EHHQGHQ +LHU HUIROJW GLH (QWJHJHQQDKPH GHU %HQXW]HUHLQJDEH Syntax der typisierten Konstantendeklaration 'LHVH.RQVWDQWHQ GLHQHQ GD]X :HUWH EHU GLH QRUPDOH /HEHQVGDXHU KLQZHJ ]X VSHLFKHUQ 6LH ]lkohq ]X GHQ VWDWLVFKHQ 9DULDEOHQ XQG QHKPHQ GDPLW HLQH 0LWWHOVWHOOXQJ ]ZLVFKHQ.RQVWDQWHQ XQG 9DULDEOHQ HLQ VR JHQDQQWH XQHFKWH.RQVWDQWHQ 6LH N QQHQ W\SLVLHUWH.RQVWDQWHQ ]% LQ 3UR]HGXUHQ XQG )XQNWLRQHQ HLQVHW]HQ XP HLQH LQLWLDOLVLHUWH 9DULDEOH ]X HUKDOWHQ W\SLVLHUWH.RQVWDQWHQ VLQG PLW GHP,QLWLDOZHUW YRUEHOHJW GLH LKUHQ :HUW DXFK QDFK GHP 9HUODVVHQ GHU 5RXWLQH VWDQGDUGPl LJ VLQG GLH ORNDOHQ 9DULDEOHQ QLFKW PHKU J OWLJ ZHQQ VLH LKUHQ * OWLJNHLWVEHUHLFK YHUODVVHQ EHLEHKlOW %HL HUQHXWHP %HWUHWHQ GHV * OWLJNHLWVEHUHLFKHV VWHKW GLH 9DULDEOH ZLHGHU PLW GHP :HUW ]XU 9HUI JXQJ GHQ VLH EHLP 9HUODVVHQ GHV %HUHLFKV KDWWH

13 Grundlegende Sprachelemente 3 ; 'LH.RQVWDQWHQYHUHLQEDUXQJ HUIROJW ZLH EHL XQW\SL VLHUWHQ.RQVWDQWHQ ; 'HP 1DPHQ GHU.RQVWDQWHQ IROJW QDFK HLQHP 'RSSHO SXQNW HLQ 'DWHQW\S XQG QDFK HLQHP *OHLFKKHLWV ]HLFKHQ HLQ,QLWLDOZHUW ; 'HU :HUW GHU.RQVWDQWHQ NDQQ VSlWHU ZLH EHL HLQHU 9DULDEOHQ JHlQGHUW ZHUGHQ 6LH XQWHUOLHJW DEHU QLFKW GHQ * OWLJNHLWVEHVFKUlQNXQJHQ YRQ 9DULDEOHQ const cname1: Datentyp = Initialwert; Beispiel: Zaehler.dpr bzw. Zaehler.pas 'DV 3URJUDPP ]HLJW GHQ 8QWHUVFKLHG ]ZLVFKHQ HLQHU ORNDOHQ 9DULDEOHQ XQG HLQHU W\SLVLHUWHQ.RQVWDQWHQ %HLGH ZHUGHQ LQQHUKDOE HLQHV 8QWHUSURJUDPPV 3UR]HGXU GHNODULHUW XQG LQLWLDOLVLHUW PLW HLQHP $QIDQJVZHUW YHUVHKHQ %HL MHGHP $XIUXI GHV 8QWHUSURJUDPPV ZHUGHQ GLH EHLGHQ 9DULDEOHQ XP HUK KW :lkuhqg GLH QRUPDOH 9DULDEOH EHU GHQ :HUW QLFKW KLQDXVNRPPW HUK KW VLFK GLH W\SLVLHUWH.RQVWDQWH EHL MHGHP $XIUXI XP $XI GLHVH :HLVH N QQHQ 6LH ]% ]lkohq ZLH RIW HLQ 8QWHUSURJUDPP DXIJHUXIHQ ZXUGH program Zaehler; {$APPTYPE CONSOLE} {$J+} procedure Zaehlen; const czaehler: Integer = 0; vzaehler: Integer; vzaehler := 0; Inc(cZaehler); Inc(vZaehler); WriteLn( Wert von czaehler :, czaehler); WriteLn( Wert von vzaehler :, vzaehler); end; Zaehlen; Zaehlen; Zaehlen; ReadLn; end. 'LHVH &RPSLOHU'LUHNWLYH VWHOOW VLFKHU GDVV GLH 9HUZHQGXQJ W\SLVLHUWHU.RQVWDQWHQ YRQ &RPSLOHU XQWHU VW W]W ZLUG +LHU EHJLQQW GLH 'HNODUDWLRQ GHV 8QWHUSURJUDPPV Zaehlen (V ZLUG HLQH W\SLVLHUWH.RQVWDQWH czaehler HU]HXJW LQGHP LKU HLQ 'DWHQW\S ]XJHZLHVHQ ZLUG 'HU,QLWLDOZHUW LVW GLH =DKO Notizen

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16 3 Object Pascal - Grundlagen Programmierung Zeichen-Datentypen =HLFKHQ'DWHQW\SHQ N QQHQ EHOLHELJH =HLFKHQ HQWKDOWHQ 'DGXUFK VLQG VLH QLFKW QXU DXI =DKOHQ XQG %XFKVWD EHQ EHJUHQ]W VRQGHUQ VLH N QQHQ DXFK 6RQGHU]HLFKHQ ZLH!" $%&/ HQWKDOWHQ 'DWHQW\S :HUWHEHUHLFK %HLVSLHO Char AnsiChar %\WH P JOLFKH =HLFKHQ YRQ a: char; WideChar %\WH =HLFKHQ ]% ]XU $XIQDKPH YRQ 8QL &RGH=HLFKHQ LQWHUQDWLRQDOH =HLFKHQVlW]H string (LQ string NDQQ HLQH EHOLHELJH =HLFKHQIROJH VSHLFKHUQ :LH ODQJ GLH ]X VSHLFKHUQGH =HLFKHQIROJH VHLQ NDQQ KlQJW YRQ GHU 'HNODUDWLRQ DE *HEHQ 6LH KLQWHU string LQ HFNLJHQ.ODPPHUQ H[SOL]LW HLQH *U H DQ N QQHQ ELV =HLFKHQ JHVSHLFKHUW ZHUGHQ ShortString,Q GLHVHP )DOO ZLUG GHU 6SHLFKHUSODW] IHVW UHVHUYLHUW *HEHQ 6LH KLQWHU string NHLQH /lqjh DQ N QQHQ =HLFKHQIROJHQ ELV ]X *% JHVSHLFKHUW ZHUGHQ 'HU 6SHLFKHUSODW] ZLUG MHW]W DOOHUGLQJV HUVW EHL %HGDUI UHVHUYLHUW LongString a := 'b'; vstr: string; vstr2: string[10]; vstr := 'HALLO'; vstr2 := 'ECHO'; AnsiString 'LHV LVW GHU 6WDQGDUGString 'DWHQW\S YRQ 2EMHFW 3DVFDO (U NDQQ HLQH /lqjh YRQ *% DQQHKPHQ 'LHVHU 'DWHQW\S LVW ltxlydohqw ]XP 'DWHQW\S string RKQH /lqjhqdqjdeh ShortString 'LHVHU string'dwhqw\s NDQQ ELV ]X =HLFKHQ DXIQHKPHQ WideString WideStrings ZHUGHQ ]XP 6SHLFKHUQ YRQ 8QLFRGH =HLFKHQ XQG ]XU $UEHLW PLW &206HUYHUQ XQG 6FKQLWW VWHOOHQ EHQ WLJW PChar PAnsiChar PWideChar +LHU KDQGHOW HV VLFK HLJHQWOLFK XP =HLJHU DXI HLQ QXOO WHUPLQLHUWHV $UUD\ GHV HQWVSUHFKHQGHQ =HLFKHQW\SV 'LHVH 7\SHQ VLQG NRPSDWLEHO ]X &6WULQJV XQG DXV GLHVHP *UXQG LQ 2EMHFW 3DVFDO HLQJHI KUW ZRUGHQ,Q 7XUER 3DVFDO VWHKW PChar DE 9HUVLRQ ]XU 9HUI JXQJ vstr: string; vc: PChar; vstr := 'HALLO'; vc := PChar(vStr); %HL ShortStrings N QQHQ 6LH VLFK GLUHNW EHU HLQHQ,QGH[ DXI HLQ HLQ]HOQHV =HLFKHQ EH]LHKHQ ZLH ]% Str[34] %HL LongStrings N QQHQ 6LH ]ZDU DXFK EHU,QGL]HV DXI HLQ]HOQH =HLFKHQ GHV Strings ]XJUHLIHQ 6LH P VVHQ MHGRFK VLFKHUVWHOOHQ GDVV GLH =HLFKHQNHWWH PLQGHVWHQV GLH /lqjh EHVLW]W GLH GHP :HUW GHV,QGH[ HQWVSULFKW %HL HLQLJHQ &RPSLOHUQ OlVVW VLFK EHU GLH &RPSLOHU'LUHNWLYHQ {$H+} XQG {$H-} VWHXHUQ RE string DOV LongString RGHU DOV ShortString LQWHUSUHWLHUW ZLUG Syntaxkonventionen für Zeichen und Zeichenketten ; =HLFKHQ XQG =HLFKHQNHWWHQ ZHUGHQ GXUFK $SRVWURSKH HLQJHVFKORVVHQ ; 6WULQJV N QQHQ DXFK OHHUH =HLFKHQNHWWHQ HQWKDOWHQ 'LHVH ZHUGHQ GXUFK ]ZHL DXIHLQDQGHU IROJHQGH $SRVWURSKH JHNHQQ]HLFKQHW s := ; (LQ $SRVWURSK OlVVW VLFK LQQHUKDOE HLQHU =HLFKHQNHWWH GXUFK ]ZHL DXIHLQDQGHU IROJHQGH $SRVWURSKH GDU VWHOOHQ s := Delphi s Zeichenketten ; ; 'HU,QKDOW HLQHU =HLFKHQNHWWH XQG HLQHV =HLFKHQV LVW QDFK GHU 'HNODUDWLRQ QRFK XQGHILQLHUW ; (V NDQQ DXI HLQ]HOQH =HLFKHQ HLQHV Strings EHU GLH $QJDEH HLQHV,QGH[ LQ HFNLJHQ.ODPPHUQ ]XJH JULIIHQ ZHUGHQ 'LH 1XPPHULHUXQJ EHJLQQW PLW GHP,QGH[

17 Grundlegende Sprachelemente 3 a: Char; { Zeicheniable } vstr: string[4]; { Zeichenketteniable } { Beginn des Anweisungsteils } vstr := TEXT ; { vstr einen Text zuweisen } a := vstr[2]; { a das zweite Zeichen von vstr zuweisen } Zeichenkettenfunktionen für Strings 2EMHFW 3DVFDO VWHOOW VSH]LHOOH )XQNWLRQHQ XQG 3UR]HGXUHQ ]XU %HDUEHLWXQJ YRQ 6WULQJV EHUHLW 'HU,QGH[ ]XP =XJULII DXI GLH =HLFKHQ HLQHU =HLFKHQNHWWH EHJLQQW EHL DOOHQ )XQNWLRQHQ EHL 1DPH %HVFKUHLEXQJ %HLVSLHO PLW s, s2: string; Copy /LHIHUW HLQHQ 7HLOVWULQJ HLQHU =HLFKHQNHWWH S, DXVJHKHQG YRQ GHU 3RVLWLRQ I PLW GHU /lqjh YRQ C =HLFKHQ function Copy(S: string; I, C: Integer): string; s := Copy( Test, 1, 2); s => Te Delete Insert Length 'LHVH 3UR]HGXU O VFKW DE GHU 3RVLWLRQ I LQ HLQHU =HLFKHQNHWWH S JHQDX C =HLFKHQ procedure Delete( S: string; I, C: Integer); 'LHVH 3UR]HGXU I JW LQ HLQHQ 6WULQJ S DE GHU 3RVLWLRQ I GHQ 6WULQJ S2 HLQ procedure Insert(S2: string; S: string; I: Integer); Length OLHIHUW GLH $Q]DKO =HLFKHQ LQ HLQHP string RGHU LQ HLQHP G\QDPLVFKHQ $UUD\ ]XU FN function Length(S): Integer; LowerCase 'LHVH )XQNWLRQ ZDQGHOW HLQHQ string LQ VHLQH.OHLQ VFKUHLEXQJ XP Pos function LowerCase(const S: string): string; hehu GLHVH )XQNWLRQ N QQHQ 6LH GDV $XIWUHWHQ HLQHU 7HLO ]HLFKHQNHWWH LQ HLQHP string EHUSU IHQ 'D]X VXFKW Pos LQ S QDFK GHP 7HLOVWULQJ S2 XQG OLHIHUW LP (UIROJVIDOO GHQ,QGH[ GHV %HJLQQV YRQ S2 LQ S ]XU FN DQGHUQIDOOV QXOO function Pos(S2, S: string); s := Test ; Delete(s, 2, 2); s => Tt ; s := Tt ; s2 := es ; Insert(s2, s, 2); s => Test ; s := Tt ; i: Integer; i := Length(s); i => 2; s := TEXT ; s := LowerCase(s); s => text ; i: Integer; i := Pos( es, Test ); i => 2; Notizen

18 3 Object Pascal - Grundlagen Programmierung 1DPH %HVFKUHLEXQJ %HLVSLHO PLW s, s2: string; SetLength UpperCase Concat hehu SetLength VHW]HQ 6LH GLH /lqjh L HLQHU 6WULQJ RGHU G\QDPLVFKHQ $UUD\9DULDEOHQ S 'HU,QKDOW LVW XQGHILQLHUW procedure SetLength( S; L: Integer); 'LHVH )XQNWLRQ ZDQGHOW HLQHQ string S LQ VHLQH *UR VFKUHL EXQJ XP function UpperCase(const S: string) : string; 'LH )XQNWLRQ Concat YHUNQ SIW PHKUHUH 6WULQJV ]X HLQHP HLQ]LJHQ 6WULQJ 'HU 2SHUDWRU EHZLUNW GDV *OHLFKH XQG DU EHLWHW VFKQHOOHU function Concat(S1 [, S2,...]: string ): string; s := SetLength(100); s := text ; s := UpperCase(s); s => TEXT ; s := Concat( AB, DE ); S := ABC + DEF ; Steuerzeichen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Ã $GGLWLRQSDV ZLH IROJW lqghuq XQG VLFK GDQQ GLH YHUlQGHUWH %LOGVFKLUPDXVJDEH DQVHKHQ WriteLn( Die Summe ist:, #10#10#9#9#9, vergebnis, #10#10#10#10#10); 'HU =HLOHQXPEUXFK LQ 7H[WGDWHLHQ ZLUG XQWHU /LQX[ VWDQGDUGPl LJ GXUFK GDV 6WHXHU]HLFKHQ 10 XQWHU :LQ GRZV GXUFK GLH )ROJH YRQ 13 XQG 10 KH[DGH]LPDO 0D0A UHDOLVLHUW $OOHUGLQJV DN]HSWLHUHQ HV YLHOH :LQGRZV 3URJUDPPH ZHQQ DOV 6WHXHU]HLFKHQ QXU GLH 10 YRUKDQGHQ LVW Typumwandlungen ; +lxilj LVW HV QRWZHQGLJ HLQHQ 'DWHQW\S LQ HLQHQ DQGHUHQ XP]X ZDQGHOQ 3ULQ]LSLHOO JLOW EHL YHUZDQGWHQ 'DWHQW\SHQ GDVV 6LH HLQHQ LQ GHU 6SHLFKHUJU H NOHLQHUHQ 'DWHQW\S PLW NOHLQHUHP :HUWH EHUHLFK HLQHP JU HUHQ ]XZHLVHQ N QQHQ DOVR ]% HLQHQ Integer HLQHP Double RGHU HLQHQ Single HLQHP Double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d: Double; i: Integer; i := 10; d := i; c: Char; i: Integer; c := A ; i := Integer(c);

19 Grundlegende Sprachelemente 3 )XQNWLRQ %HVFKUHLEXQJ %HLVSLHO StrToInt =HLFKHQNHWWH QDFK Integer=DKO i := StrToInt( 1000 ); IntToStr Integer=DKO QDFK =HLFKHQNHWWH str := IntToStr(1000); FloatToStr FloatToStrF *OHLWNRPPD]DKO QDFK =HLFKHQNHWWH str := FloatToStr( ); StrToFloat =HLFKHQNHWWH QDFK *OHLWNRPPD]DKO d := StrToFloat( ); ; :HLWHUH.RQYHUWLHUXQJVIXQNWLRQHQ HQWQHKPHQ 6LH GHU +LOIH ]X 'HOSKL.\OL[ XQWHU GHQ 6WLFKZRUWHQ 675,1* )250$7,(581* * /(,7.200$.219(57,(581* XQG =$+/(1)250$7,(581* RGHU GHU +LOIH ]X,KUHU (QW ZLFNOXQJVXPJHEXQJ ; %HL DQGHUHQ &RPSLOHUQ PXVV ZLH EHL 'HOSKL.\OL[ GLH 8QLW SysUtils PLW uses HLQJHEXQGHQ ZHUGHQ GDPLW GLH )XQNWLRQHQ ]XU 9HUI JXQJ VWHKHQ ; 'HU %RUODQG7XUER3DVFDO&RPSLOHU NHQQW GLH 8QLW SysUtils QLFKW +LHU VWHKHQ GLH )XQNWLRQHQ Str XQG Val I U GLH.RQYHUWLHUXQJ YRQ =HLFKHQNHWWHQ LQ =DKOHQ XQG XPJHNHKUW ]XU 9HUI JXQJ Formatierung von Zeichenketten :HQQ 6LH EHL GHU 7\SXPZDQGOXQJ HLQHU =DKO LQ HLQH =HLFKHQNHWWH GLH )RUPDWLHUXQJ EHHLQIOXVVHQ ZROOHQ YHU ZHQGHQ 6LH GLH )XQNWLRQ Format hehu GLHVH )XQNWLRQ N QQHQ 6LH PHKUHUH :HUWH =DKOHQ XQG =HLFKHQNHWWHQ PLWHLQDQGHU YHUELQGHQ XQG GDEHL IRUPDWLHUHQ 'LH )XQNWLRQ KDW GHQ IROJHQGHQ $XIEDX function Format(const Format: string; const Args: array of const): string; 'DEHL HQWKlOW GHU 3DUDPHWHU Format GHQ ]X IRUPDWLHUHQGHQ 7H[W JHPLVFKW PLW )RUPDWDQZHLVXQJHQ I U GLH LP ]ZHLWHQ 3DUDPHWHU Args DQJHJHEHQHQ $UJXPHQWH 'LH $UJXPHQWH ZHUGHQ LQ HFNLJHQ.ODPPHUQ GXUFK.RPPD JHWUHQQW DQJHJHEHQ =XU FNJHOLHIHUW ZLUG GLH IRUPDWLHUWH =HLFKHQNHWWH... uses sysutils; {Einbinden von SysUtils, damit die Formatfunktion verfügbar ist.} const canz: Integer = 8; cart: s tring = Buersten ; cpr: Double = 27.92; WriteLn(Format( Der Preis fuer %d %s betraegt %.2f Euro, [canz, cart, cpr]));... { Auf dem Bildschirm erscheint: Der Preis fuer 8 Bürsten betraegt Euro } Notizen

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