INTRODUCTION. CONTENT Details Page

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1 INTRODUCTION CONTENT Details Page BONDS Resin-ceramic 1 cbn in vitrified bond 1 Metal 2 Galvanic surface layer 2 Bakelite 3 Ceramic 3 Grinding agents Diamond and cbn 4 Grit sizes cbn 5 Diamant 6 Comparison micron grit sizes 7 Concentration C (V) 8 Surface quality Rz, Ra 9 Cutting speed m/sec r.p.m. 10 Wheels engraving Haefeli-ID 11

2 BONDS In addition to the grit size and concentration, the bond decisively determines the performance and behaviour of the Diamond and cbn wheel. Various adapted bonds provide optimum solutions for numerous different grinding tasks. They are distinguished based on their binder materials, which in turn contain numerous alloy types. Resin-ceramic bond (Resin) cbn in vitrified bond (Vitrified) Haefeli bond name: R100 - R999 Haefeli bond name: V V5999 Resins, to which apart from the grinding granules also filler has been added, are used as binding agent. Grinding wheels with resin-ceramic bond offer a wide range of application. The wheels offer rapid and cool grinding, can be used for dry and wet grinding and generate only low grinding forces. The resin-ceramic bond is used from polishing grinding to deep grinding processes with high rates of material removal. In short, it is the most universal bond. The mixture of meltable glass powder, filler and cbn abrasive wheel constitutes the ceramic bond. In contrast to the resin-ceramic and metal bonds, the vitrified bond offers a.o. the advantage that a certain pore volume can be produced. As the bond is made from glass, the grinding wheels cannot withstand major impacts or temperature shocks. Cooling is therefore always required. The ceramic bond provides cool grinding with low grinding forces and can be easily dressed on the machine, using a rotating dresser. Products Products Type: 1A1, 1V1, 11V9, 12A2, profiles, 1A1W Type: 1A1W, 1A1, profiles Diameter: mm Diameter: mm Granulation: D7 - D251 Granulation: D46 - D251 Concentration: C 30 - C 125 Concentration: C C 150 Application: Materials for diamond: Hard metal, cermets Materials for cbn: Application: Materials for cbn: HSS, alloyed tool steel, hardened steel HSS, alloyed tool steel, hardened steel Cooling: Oil, emulsion, dry Cooling: Only with cooling, such as oil, emulsion Regeneration: HACO-FLEX manually Regeneration: - Dressing: Rotating SiC wheels (no stationary tool or Dressing: Rotating, metal-bonded conical wheels metal-bonded dressing wheels!)

3 BONDS Metal bond: (Metal) Galvanic surface layer: (Electro plated) Haefeli bond name: M M4999 Haefeli bond name: E E6999 Sintered metal bonds are predominantly bronze bonds and are characterised by a higher bond hardness. The grains are tightly enclosed, as a result of which, the grinding wheel appears to be "more blunt" but offers a significantly longer service life. In contrast to resin-ceramic-bonded grinding wheels, the metal bond generates more grinding heat if it is not regenerated effectively (-> HACO-FLEX). Grinding wheels with metal bonds achieve harder grinding at a lower speed. Metal bonding is best suited for sharp profiles from radius R 0.08 mm onwards, thin bond widths and very small sintered grinding pins (from Ø 0.2 mm) and for use on materials subjecting the bond to high levels of wear. Metal bonds are generally the most hard wearing bonds. This bond is electro-plated onto a steel base structure. As a result of this single-layer bonding process, the grinding coating produces large swarfs. The galvanic bond is particularly suited for applying to profiled base structures. Profile accuracy does, however, depend on the grain size. Due to the large grain overhang, the covered workpiece offers a very good grip and leaves the workpiece with a very rough surface. With increased use, the grip is reduced as the grain peaks are worn away. Products Products Type: 1A1W, profiles such as 14E1, 14A1R, Type: 1A1, profiles, 1A1W Diameter: mm Diameter: mm Granulation: D16 - D251 Granulation: D46 - D352 Concentration: C 30 - C 175 Application: Materials for diamond: Application: Materials for diamond: Hard metal, cermets, sapphire, ruby, glass, Hard metal, plastic, glass fiber reinforced technical ceramics plastic Materials for cbn: HSS, alloyed tool steel, hardened steel Materials for cbn: HSS, alloyed tool steel, hardened steel Cooling: Oil, emulsion Cooling: Oil, emulsion, dry Regeneration: HACO-FLEX manually Regeneration: - Dressing: Rotating SiC wheels (no stationary tool or Dressing: - metal-bonded dressing wheels!)

4 BONDS Bakelite bond (Bakelite) Ceramic bond Haefeli bond name: B B3999 Bakelite, to which apart from the grinding granules also filler has been added, is used as binding agent. In the past, the bonding was used with fine granules due to its polishing effect. Grinding wheels with bakelite bond are only still used in a few exceptional cases as bakelite can be substituted by more versatile and more cleanly cutting resin bonds. The ceramic bond consists of meltable glass powder, filler and abrasive grains. It is the cheapest and most popular bond. It can also be used to grind "soft" (<50 HRC) workpieces. As the bond uses higher grinding forces and is subjected to higher wear it is -for harder materials- being increasingly replaced by aforementioned bonds.

5 SCHLEIFMITTEL LES MATIÈRES ABRASIVES GRINDING AGENTS DIAMANT Diamant ist das härteste bekannte Material (8000 Knoop Härte) und eignet sich zum Schleifen von kristallinen Werkstoffen wie: DIAMANT Le Diamant est la matière la plus dur (8000 dureté Knoop) qu'on connaît et convient au meulage des matières dont au moins une partie est cristaline, soit: DIAMOND Diamond is the hardest material known (8000 Knoop hardness) and is suited for grinding of material with at least part of crystaline content, such as: - Hartmetall - carbur de tungstene - tungsten carbide - Keramik - céramique - ceramic - Glas - verre - glass - Saphir - saphire - saphire - Graphit - graphite - graphite - Ferrit - ferrite - ferrite - Ferro-Tic - ferro-tic - ferro-tic - u.s.w. - e.t.c. - a.s.f. cbn (cubic Boron Nitride) (Borazon) cbn ist das zweithärteste Material (4500 Knoop Härte) und eignet sich zum Schleifen von Werkstoffen ohne kristalline Anteile wie: cbn ( c ubic B oron N itride ) (Borazon) Le cbn et la matière la plus dure après le Diamant (4500 dureté Knoop) qu'on conna'it et convient au meulage des matières sans partie cristaline, soit: cbn (cubic Boron Nitride) (Borazon) cbn is the second hardest material known (4500 Knoop hardness) and is suited for grinding material without crystalline content such as: - HSS-Stähle - acier HSS - high-speed steel - Werkzeugstähle - acier à outils et étampage - tool and die steel - Einsatz-Stähle - acier de cémentation - carburized steel - Stellit - stéllite - stellite - u.s.w. - e.t.c. - a.s.f. Die härtesten Materialien im Vergleich: Les matières les plus dures en comparaison: The hardest materials in comparison: Material: Knoop Härte: Matière: Knoop dureté: Material: Knoop hardness: Diamant 8000 Diamant 8000 Diamond 8000 cbn 4500 cbn 4500 cbn 4500 SiC 2700 SiC 2700 SiC 2700 Al Al Al

6 cbn KORNGRÖSSEN / DIMENSIONS DES GRAINS / GRIT SIZES For cbn grinding tools FEPA-Grit sizes min. max. cbn FEPA Application US mesh = BN 251 Very rough ginding = = BN 213 = = BN 181 = = BN 151 = = BN 126 = = BN 107 Rough grinding = = BN 91 = = BN 76 = = BN 64 Semifinish grinding = = BN 54 = = BN 46 = Grit sizes min. max. HAEFELI Other producers description = BN 41 MB 40 Fine grinding = BN 39 B 35 = = BN 37 B = BN 33 B 30 Ultrafine grinding = = BN 31 MB = BN 21 MB 16 Ceramic wheels (SiC, Al 2 0 3,..) = BN 16 MB 15 (abt ) = BN 13 MB 10 US mesh (US mesh): Grains per inch 1" = 25,4 mm max. Grit size FEPA. ø 180 micr. + 1 micr. = BN = Grains per inch 180/1000 mm 45 micr. + 1 micr. = BN = Grains per inch 45/1000 mm HAEFELI--Grit sizes follow the logic of FEPA-norm (biggest grit in micron + 1 = FEPA/HAEFELI-norm) Dez 05

7 DIAMOND KORNGRÖSSEN / DIMENSIONS DES GRAINS / GRIT SIZES For diamond grinding tools DIAMOND FEPA-Grit sizes min. max. FEPA Application US mesh = D 251 = = D 213 = = D 181 Rough grinding = = D 151 = = D 126 = = D 107 Semifinish grinding = = D 91 = = D 76 = = D 64 Fine grinding = = D 54 = = D 46 = Grit sizes min. max. HAEFELI Other producers description = D 41 MD 40 Ultrafine grinding = D 39 D 35 = = D 37 D = D 33 D 30 = = D 31 MD = D = D 21 MD 16 Ceramic wheels (SiC, Al 2 0 3,..) = D 16 MD 15 (abt ) = D 13 MD 10 US mesh (US mesh): Grains per inch 1" = 25,4 mm max. Grit size FEPA. ø 180 micr. + 1 micr. = D = Grains per inch 180/1000 mm 45 micr. + 1 micr. = D = Grains per inch 45/1000 mm HAEFELI--Grit sizes follow the logic of FEPA-norm (biggest grit in micron + 1 = FEPA/HAEFELI-norm) Dez 05

8 Vergleich - Korngrössen / Comparaison des grains microns / Comparison micron grit sizes -Körnungen nach FEPA Idee Grains micron d'après idée FEPA micron grit sizes following FEPA idea min. max +1= HAEFELI Bezeichnung Hersteller A Désignation producteur A Descprition producer A Bezeichnung Hersteller B Désignation producteur B Descprition producer B Bezeichnung Hersteller C Désignation producteur C Descprition producer C Bezeichnung Hersteller D Désignation producteur D Descprition producer D D MD 40 / MB D = MD / MB 42 D 20 B / B = MD / MB 41 MD 25 / MB = MD / MB = MD / MB = MD / MB 33 D 30 / B D 20 A / B = MD / MB 31 D 25 MD D 15 C = MD / MB 26 D 20 MD 18 D 30 / B D = MD / MB 23 MD 16 / MB D 15 B / B 15 D = MD / MB 21 D 15 / B 15 D 15 / B MD 14 8 / = MD / MB 16 D 10 D 15 A / B = MD / MB 13 D 7 MD 10 D 10 / B = MD / MB D 7 / B = MD / MB 9 D 6 MD 6.3 D = MD 7 MD D 3 / B = MD = MD 5 D 3 MD MD = MD = MD 3 D 1 D 1 / B 1 MD = MD D 0.7 < 0.5 D 0.25 Dez 05

9 cbn DIAMANT KONZENTRATION / CONCENTRATION C Konzentration C: Concentration C: Concentration C: cbn/diamant-körner Sättigung im Schleifbelag Densité des grain cbn/diamant dans le liant Density of the cb/diamond grit in the bond Schleifbelag / Couche / Layer Bezeichnung / Désignation / Designation Ansicht Volumen Fepa vue cbn + Diamant cbn + Diamant cbn view % C V 0 V% C 0 (V0) 7.5 V% C 30 V V% C 50 V V% C 60 V V% C 75 V V% C 100 V V% C 125 V V% C 150 V V% C 200 V V% C 400 (V1000)

10 OBERFLÄCHENGÜTE / L'ETAT DE SURFACE / SURFACE QUALITY Kreuzschliff - Richtwerte / Meulage croisée - Valeurs indicatives / Cross grinding - Standard values Ra (micr.) Rmax (micr.) Rz (micr.) N 1 N 2 N 3 N 4 N 5 N 6 cbn DIAMOND BN 151 BN 126 BN 107 D 181 BN 91 D 151 BN 76 D 126 BN 64 D 107 BN 54 D 91 BN 46 D 76 D 64 D 54 D 46 D 41 D 26 D 13 Schruppen Very rough grinding Grobschleifen Ebauche grossière Rough grinding Vorschleifen Ebauche Semifinish grinding Feinschleifen Finition Fine grinding Feinstschleifen Superfinition Ultrafine grinding Feinstschleifen Feinschleifen Vorschleifen Grobschleifen Schruppen Superfinition Finition Ebauche Ebauche grossière Dégrossissage Ultrafine grinding Fine grinding Semifinish grinding Rough grinding Very rough grinding Schleifen mit HAEFELI Kunstharz-Keramik-Bindungen / Meulage avec des liants HAEFELI résine-céramique / Grinding with HAEFELI resin ceramic bonds Dez 05

11 SCHNITT-GESCHWINDIGKEIT / VITESSE DE COUPE / CUTTING SPEED cbn- und Diamantwerkzeuge / outils cbn et Diamant / cbn and Diamond tools (m/sec) (m/sec) (m/sec) (m/sec) (m/sec) (m/sec) (m/sec) (m/sec) (m/sec) (m/sec) Kunstharz-Keramik / résine-céramique / resin-ceramic Vollkeramik / vitrifiée / vitrified Schleifkörper- Durchmesser Diamètre de la meule Diameter of the wheel r.p.m. Metall / métal / metal r.p.m. 600 mm `64 `159 `318 `477 `637 `796 `955 1`114 1`273 1`432 r.p.m. 500 mm `76 `191 `382 `573 `764 `955 1`146 1`337 1`528 1`719 r.p.m. 400 mm `95 `239 `477 `716 `955 1`194 1`432 1`671 1`910 2`148 r.p.m. 350 mm `109 `273 `546 `818 1`091 1`364 1`637 1`910 2`182 2`455 r.p.m. 300 mm `127 `318 `637 `955 1`273 1`591 1`910 2`228 2`546 2`864 r.p.m. 250 mm `153 `382 `764 1`146 1`528 1`910 2`292 2`673 3`055 3`437 r.p.m. 225 mm `170 `424 `849 1`273 1`697 2`122 2`546 2`971 3`395 3`819 r.p.m. 200 mm `191 `477 `955 1`432 1`910 2`387 2`864 3`342 3`819 4`297 r.p.m. 175 mm `218 `546 1`091 1`637 2`182 2`728 3`274 3`819 4`365 4`910 r.p.m. 150 mm `255 `637 1`273 1`910 2`546 3`183 3`819 4`456 5`092 5`729 r.p.m. 125 mm `306 `764 1`528 2`292 3`055 3`819 4`583 5`347 6`111 6`875 r.p.m. 100 mm `382 `955 1`910 2`864 3`819 4`774 5`729 6`684 7`638 8`593 r.p.m. 75 mm `509 1`273 2`546 3`819 5`092 6`365 7`638 8`912 10`185 11`458 r.p.m. 50 mm `764 1`910 3`819 5`729 7`638 9`548 11`458 13`367 15`277 17`187 r.p.m. 40 mm `955 2`387 4`774 7`161 9`548 11`935 14`322 16`709 19`096 21`483 r.p.m. 30 mm 1`273 3`183 6`365 9`548 12`731 15`913 19`096 22`279 25`461 28`644 r.p.m. 25 mm 1`528 3`819 7`638 11`458 15`277 19`096 22`915 26`735 30`554 34`373 r.p.m. 20 mm 1`910 4`774 9`548 14`322 19`096 23`870 28`644 33`418 38`192 42`966 r.p.m. 15 mm 2`546 6`365 12`731 19`096 25`461 31`827 38`192 44`558 50`923 57`288 r.p.m. 12 mm 3`183 7`957 15`913 23`870 31`827 39`784 47`740 55`697 63`654 71`610 r.p.m. 10 mm 3`819 9`548 19`096 28`644 38`192 47`740 57`288 66`836 76`384 85`933 r.p.m. 8 mm 4`774 11`935 23`870 35`805 47`740 59`675 71`610 83`546 95` `416 r.p.m. 6 mm 6`365 15`913 31`827 47`740 63`654 79`567 95` ` ` `221 r.p.m. 5 mm 7`638 19`096 38`192 57`288 76`384 95` ` ` ` `865 r.p.m. 4 mm 9`548 23`870 47`740 71`610 95` ` ` ` ` `831 r.p.m. 3 mm 12`731 31`827 63`654 95` ` ` ` ` ` `442 r.p.m. 2 mm 19`096 47`740 95` ` ` ` ` `182 r.p.m. 1.8 mm 21`218 53` ` ` ` ` `269 r.p.m. 1.5 mm 25`461 63` ` ` ` `269 r.p.m. 1.2 mm 31`827 79` ` ` `269 r.p.m. 1.0 mm 38`192 95` ` `442 r.p.m. 0.8 mm 47` ` `701 r.p.m. 0.6 mm 63` ` `269 r.p.m. 0.5 mm 76` `961 r.p.m. 0.4 mm 95` `701 r.p.m. 0.3 mm 127` `269 r.p.m. 0.2 mm 190`961 r.p.m.

12 SCHEIBEN-GRAVUR / GRAVAGE DE MEULES / WHEELS ENGRAVING Bindung Liant Bond Produktionsnummer No. de productions Productionnumber Konzentration Concentration Korngrösse Grain Grit size cbn oder Diamant cbn ou Diamant cbn or Diamant