Innovative Energy Systems

Transkript

1 1 st ABBY-Net Workshop on Natural Resource Management and Energy Systems under Changing Environmental Conditions Munich, Germany, November 2011 Innovative Energy Systems Jürgen Karl Chair for Energy Process Engineering Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 3 Challenges for Bavarias Energy supply and Solutions

2 1 st Challenge 9 % 6 % 1 st Challange: Rising the share of Renewables Primary energy German Renewable Energy Law ( EEG ) initiated a booming industry most important primary energy source: Biomass other Renewables (geothermal, solarthermal ) biogas wastes, landfill gas biofuel 3 % solid biomass (wood, straw) 0 % photovoltaics wind power hydraulic power

3 Biomass Resources in Germany total biomass resources in Germany (Residues only): 1200 PJ/a 1) Germany s share on the worlds biomass resources: 1.5 % 1) PJ = Peta-Joule = barrel oil = 7 25 Mio. US-$ approx plants 1200 PJ approx.1000 heating plants und pellets stoves Biogas plants primary energy approx. 180 PJ Biomass- heating plants primary energy approx. 350 PJ Biomass power plants ca. 210 Anlagen (Stand 2008) primary energy approx. 120 PJ Quelle: BMWI Energiedaten, 2011 (Vorsicht: Daten sind inkonsistent)

4 Biomass Resources in Germany total biomass resources in Germany (Residues only): 1200 PJ/a 1) Germany s share on the worlds biomass resources: 1.5 % Potential for the Substitution of coal and lignite others Netherlands Natural gas consumption 3200 PJ coal consumption: 3600 PJ BOA, Niederaussem Lippendorf Norway Boxberg from Russia Biomass Potential: 1200 PJ Schwarze Pumpe

5 1 st Challenge 1 st Challange: Rising the share of Renewables German Renewable Energy Law ( EEG ) initiated a booming industry most important primary energy source: Biomass 9 % Primary energy 18 % 15 % Power production wastes biomass 6 % 12 % photovoltaics 9 % 3 % 6 % Wind power 0 % % Hydraulic power 0 %

6 1 st Challenge 9% 6% 1 st Challange: Rising the share of Renewables Installed capacity renewables 30,2% (ca. 46 GW) primary energy 18% 15% 12% coal / lignite: nuclear power production wastes Biomass Photovoltaics 33,7% (ca. 52 GW) 14,1% (ca GW) 36% 30% 24% installed capacity Photovoltaics 10 GW 9% 3% 6% wind power 3% hydraulic power 0% % % 12% 6% 6 Wind power 26 GW 0 %

7 1 st Challenge 1 st Challange: Rising the share of Renewables Installed capacity renewables 30,2% (ca. 46 GW) 2 nd Challange: Rising energy costs Energy costs rise constantly not only due to priority for renewables 3 nd Challange: Rising trouble and risks coal / lignite: nuclear 36% Biomass: 30% up to 29 ct/ kwh = 0.40 CAD / kwh Solar 24% up to 57 ct/ kwh = 0.79 CAD / kwh 18% 33,7% (ca. 52 GW) 14,1% (ca GW) Wind: 12% up to 9 ct/ kwh = 0.12 CAD / kwh 6% installed capacity Photovoltaik 10 GW Windkraftt 26 GW 0 %

8 European Blackout "Norwegian Pearl' and over production in Northern Germany caused a total black-out in all over Europe deficit MW MW MW MW over-capacity ca. 10 GW MW MW MW MW MW

9 Situation of Europe s natural gas reserves source: STEAG 1 st Challenge gas supply 1999 Norway Russia Europe will depend completely on Russian natural gas supplies UK NL Ukraine Kasakhsta Uzbekistan 2025 Algeria Tunesia Egypt Turkmenistan Russia 3 nd Challange: Rising trouble and risks Turkmenistan

10 Situation of Europe s 1 st Challenge gas supply Russion gas grid Europe will depend completely on Russian natural gas supplies natural gas pipelines pass Asserbaidschan, Armenia, Georgia, Kasachstan, Belarus, Ukraine gas crisis caused interruption of Europe s gas supply in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009 Poland s needle ear" Ukraines needle ear" tschechisches needle ear" Weiss- Polen russland Belarus needle ear" Ukraine Russland 3 nd Challange: 2009 Rising trouble and risks

11 Situation of Europe s 1 st Challenge gas supply Possible Solution Substitution of natural gas with Biomass Gasprom Gasprom

12 Situation of Europe s 1 st Challenge gas supply Possible Solution Substitution of natural gas with Biomass Methanation makes Biomass transportable Biomass may be used in urban areas with high efficiency due to favorable conditions for CHP and without fine dust emissions

13 Focuses Chair for Energy Process Engineering Biomass Combustion and Gasification Second Generation Fuel and Fuel Cells Carbon Capture and Storage

14 1 st Challenge Bavaria urgently needs (renewable) energy imports Large-distance transportation of energy requires new technologies for Energy storage Energy management Energy transport Example: Desertec - Foundation instead of Dessertec

15 and Solution 1 st Challenge Bavaria urgently needs (renewable) energy imports Large-distance transportation of energy requires new technologies for Energy storage Energy management Energy transport instead of Dessertec Let s create abby-tec