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Index A Absolute simultaneity, 27, 39, 104 Absolute space, 2 4, 7, 8, 12, 79 Absolute time, 3, 4, 7, 8, 27, 38, 40, 41, 48, 69, 79, 81, 82 Angle bisecting condition, 64, 91, 116 Apex angle, 24, 85, 86, 99, 100 Armstrong, D., 71 Atomic, 49, 56, 63, 73, 90, 110 B Becker, O., 38, 41 Birkhoff, G., 72, 108 Bohr, N., 4, 49, 76, 88, 107 109, 116 Boolean lattice, 56, 72 Born, M., 105 Bose-Einstein statistics, 70 Bose-particles, 70 Bose, S.N., 70 Bottom-up, 64 69, 76, 88, 98 Brouwer-Zadeh quantum logic, 68 Bucket-experiment, 4, 12 Busch, P., 57, 65, 67, 68, 95, 97, 110 C Canonical commutation relations, 93 Carr, B., 87 Cartan, É., 46 Causality, 2, 4, 7, 49, 51, 84 Classical logic, 54, 55, 56, 57, 60 62, 69, 72, 73, 76, 115 Classical mechanics, 1 4, 6 9, 11, 12, 31 33, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 46, 48, 50, 69 71, 77, 79, 80, 88, 91, 100, 103, 104, 106 109, 111, 113 115 Classical ontology O(C), 2, 3, 6 10, 50, 51, 66, 72, 75, 76, 82, 88 91, 97 Classical physics, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 38, 40, 46, 48, 52 57, 76 77, 79, 80, 82, 87, 97 100, 103, 104, 106 109, 111, 113, 116, 117 Classical roots, 79, 88, 100 Classical world, 1 5, 91, 97, 100, 108, 116 Classical-world semantics, 109 Clock paradox, 39, 81 Commensurability propositions, 59, 61 Commensurable, 52, 58, 62, 97 Como-lecture, 107 Complementarity, 49, 107 109 Complete, 6, 9, 18, 56, 62, 65, 89, 90, 98 Comprehensible, 1, 2, 5, 7, 26, 38, 40, 50, 103, 104, 113 Configuration space, 93, 96 Consistent, 38, 62, 108 110 Constant $$$, 14, 22, 84 Constant c, 37, 79 88, 99 101 Constituting ensemble, 15, 17, 19, 20, 40, 43, 82 84 Contingent, 59, 71, 87 Copenhagen interpretation, 107 110 Correspondence, 46, 49, 79, 88, 107 Covariance diagram, 94 96 Covariance postulate, 94 Covering law, 56, 63, 73, 90 Curry, H.B., 73 D Determined, 2, 13 15, 17, 21, 24, 29, 35, 36, 41, 42, 51, 62, 63, 77, 79, 85 89, 93, 95, 98 Dialogs, 52, 53, 62, 67, 68, 97 Directly intuitive, 2, 26, 27, 40, 114, 115 Disjunction, 55, 59 P. Mittelstaedt, Rational Reconstructions of Modern Physics, Fundamental Theories of Physics 169, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-0077-2, # Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 123

124 Index E Effect algebras, 68, 88 Ehlers, J., 45, 105 Einstein, A., 3, 11, 26, 37, 42, 45, 70, 80, 81, 86, 105, 107, 116 Einstein s field equations, 8, 43, 45 47, 99, 115 Einstein-spaces, 45 Einstein-synchronisation, 14, 35, 41 Elementary particles, 94 96, 110 Elementary properties, 7, 51, 53, 76, 89 Elementary propositions, 54 62, 64 67, 69, 75 Elimination, 6 10, 38, 69, 76, 81, 88, 91, 115, 117 Ellis, G.F.R., 24, 46, 85, 87, 99, 115 Equivalence principle, 43, 46 Euclidean geometry, 2, 7, 8, 40, 43, 46, 48, 69, 82 Events, 3, 4, 7, 13, 22, 23, 25 29, 39, 84, 104, 108 Excluded middle, 62, 91 External semantics, 104 F Falkenburg, B., 1, 2 falsum, 56, 61 Feyerabend, P.K., 72 Fictitious world, 7, 79 Final logic, 69, 76 Final theory of everything, 69 Finite decidability, 57 Flat space-time approach, 47, 99 Formal languages, 52 61, 76 Formally true, 56, 57, 60, 61, 63, 91 Frank, Ph., 82 Fuzzy intuitionistic quantum logic, 68 G Galilei group, 93, 94, 96 Galilei transformation, 8, 16 21, 41, 94 Gamov, G., 27, 81 General covariance, 43, 46, 115 Generalised Lorentz transformations, 24, 29, 30, 85, 86 General relativity, 4, 8, 9, 11 48, 71, 79, 98 101, 103, 107, 114 116 General theory of relativity, 5, 6, 8, 42 44, 99, 115 Geometry, 8, 12, 13, 16, 43, 44, 103, 115 Gravitational constant, 45, 47, 98 100, 115 H Hawking, S.W., 24, 46, 85, 99, 115 Heisenberg interpretation, 97 Heisenberg, W., 4, 49, 67, 107, 116 Helmholtz theorem, 13, 44 Hentschel, K., 5 Hilbert, 47, 64, 88, 90 Hilbert space, 9, 64 69, 71 76, 88, 90 93, 95, 97, 113, 116 Hojman, 47 Homogeneity, 92 93, 96 Huber, R., 1, 3, 5, 11 I Ignatowski, V.W., 82 Impenetrability, 51, 89 Implication, 28, 50, 55, 56, 59, 61 63, 79, 104 Indirectly intuitive, 2, 26, 40, 114, 115 Indistinguishable objects, 69 71 Individualistic interpretation, 97 Individual objects, 50, 69 Inertial mass, 24, 33, 37, 41, 96 Inertial system, 13 17, 19 21, 23 25, 27 30, 35 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 82 85 Internal semantics, 104 Interpretation, 1, 4, 12, 32, 49, 73, 76, 77, 80, 81, 97, 99, 100, 103 111 Intrinsic features, 85, 98, 100, 101 Intuitionistic, 53, 66 Intuitionistic logic, 52, 53, 62, 66 Intuitionistic quantum logic, 52, 53, 57, 61, 62, 64, 66, 68, 73, 115, 116 Intuitive, 1, 2, 5 7, 26, 27, 38, 40, 46, 50, 51, 53, 69, 70, 100, 104, 106, 113 115 Intuitiveness, 1, 2, 4 6, 113 117 Isotropy, 11, 17, 19, 83, 92 K Kalmbach, G., 62 Kant, I., 7, 44 Keller, H.A., 64, 73 K onnecker, K., 5, 106 Kuchar, 47 Kuhn, T.S., 38 L Laugwitz, D., 43 Law of contradiction, 60, 91 Law of identity, 60 Laws of nature, 71 76 Length contraction, 29, 36, 39, 81, 104 Levy-Leblond, 82 Light clock, 45, 81, 105 Light-cone, 85, 86 Light-rays semantics, 106 Light signals, 14, 35, 42, 80, 81, 105 107

Index 125 Linde, A.D., 87 Lindenbaum-Tarski, 56, 62, 63, 73, 90, 116 Localizability, 92, 96 Local systems of inertia, 44 Logical conjunction, 54, 58, 59 Logical disjunction, 55, 59 Lorentz, 8, 11, 24, 26 30, 34 36, 41, 47, 81, 85, 86, 100, 114 Lorentz contraction, 28 30, 36, 81 Lorentz metric, 24, 85, 100 Lorenzen, P., 73 M Mach, E., 3, 4, 11, 12, 81, 103, 116 Mach s principle, 43, 115 Mach-Zehnder, 67 Marzke, R., 45, 81 Material implication, 55, 59, 61, 63 Maximal velocity, 39, 84, 104 Measurement problem, 68, 69, 75 Metaphysical hypotheses, 4 10, 38, 40, 46, 50, 69, 72, 73, 75, 81, 115 117 Metaphysical realism, 117 Metaphysics, 42, 81 82, 113, 117 Metric elasticity of space, 47, 100 Metric time, 13 15, 41, 42, 83 Minkowskian space-time, 8, 24, 43 45, 48, 86, 87, 98 100, 109, 114 Modern physics, 1 7, 38, 50, 79 80, 82, 100, 103 113, 116, 117 Modus ponens, 60 Multiverse, 87 N Natanson, L., 70 Negation, 54, 58 Newton, I., 3, 4, 8, 37 42, 81 Newton s Principia, 3, 4, 38, 42, 80, 81, 103, 105 Non-classical Hilbert spaces, 64 Normal science, 6 Null, 24, 26, 34, 85 Null cone, 24, 25, 34, 85, 86, 100, 109 O Objective properties, 51, 89 Objects, 2, 4, 7, 40, 44, 50 53, 55, 57, 63, 65, 66, 68 71, 76, 77, 89, 91 97, 101, 105, 107 111, 117 Ontological hypotheses, 2, 3, 6 9, 40, 42, 50 52, 57, 69, 88, 113, 114 Ontology, 2, 3, 51, 65, 66, 68, 75 77, 81 82, 114, 117 Ontology O(C). See Classical ontology O(C) Ordinary experience (OE), 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 38, 40, 44, 106, 111 Orthomodular lattice, 62, 64, 73, 90, 94 Orthomodular quantum logic, 61 64, 69, 73 P Paraconsistent, 66, 68 Paraconsistent logic, 68 Partial unsharp quantum logic, 68 Particles, 31, 34, 45, 70, 71, 86, 92, 94 96, 105, 110 Pauli, 49 Penrose, R., 81 Photon, 34, 70, 86, 105, 106 Physical objects, 40, 93 94, 105, 107, 110 Pirani, F.A.E., 45 Piron-McLaren theorem, 64, 91, 116 Planck, 70 Planck s constant, 65, 67, 79, 87 98, 116 Poincaré group, 24 Poincare, H., 3, 4, 11, 14, 42, 81, 85, 103, 116 Poisson s ratio, 100 Political persecution, 5, 106 Popper, K., 114 POV-measures, 65, 68, 69, 92, 95, 97 Pragmatics, 52, 53 Principia, 3, 4, 38, 42, 80, 81, 103, 105 Principle of equivalence, 43, 46 Principle of relativity, 12, 17, 18, 20 22, 25, 28, 83, 84, 105, 107 Principle of the constancy of the velocity of light, 12, 25, 105, 107 Problem of objectification, 65, 75 Projection postulate, 110 Proof equivalence, 59 Proof-trees, 52 56, 58 61 Proper length, 29, 30 Pseudo-Riemannian geometry, 8, 46 Pseudo-Riemannian space, 43, 44, 48 Pseudo-Riemannian space-time, 45 47, 99, 100, 115 Putman, 72 PV-measure, 92, 94, 95 Q Quantum logic, 50, 52, 53, 57, 60 64, 66 69, 71 76, 87 98, 115, 116 Quantum mechanics (QM), 1, 4 7, 9, 10, 49 77, 79, 80, 88 91, 94, 97 101, 103, 107 111, 113, 115, 116

126 Index Quantum ontology O(Q), 2, 9, 10, 51, 53, 54, 64 66, 72 77, 88 91, 98 Quantum postulate, 49 Quantum pragmatics, 52 R Rational reconstruction, 11 12, 25, 50, 69, 76, 100, 107, 115, 116 Reconstruction, 7, 11 77, 82 86, 88, 90, 98, 100, 107, 114 116 Reduction, 6 10, 38, 39, 50, 70, 72, 81, 91 Reichenbach, H., 108 Relativistic acceleration, 31 34 Relativistic energy, 33 Relativistic mass, 33 Relativistic mechanics, 25 34, 86, 114 Relativistic velocity, 30 31 Relativity of simultaneity, 27 Restricted availability, 52, 58, 67, 75, 97 Restrictedly available, 58, 91 Revolutions, 38 Riemannian, 8, 42 48, 99, 100, 114, 115 Rømer, O., 42, 80 S Sakharov, A.D., 47, 100 Schelb, U., 45 Schild, A., 45 Schr odinger, E., 4, 49, 116 Schr oter, J., 45 Self-consistency, 73 76 Semantics, 44, 52, 53, 56, 62, 68, 75, 90, 104, 106, 109 Sequential conjunction, 54, 58 Sexl, R.U., 34, 86 Sharp observables, 68, 95 Shimony, A., 68 Solèr, M.-P., 64, 73, 91, 116 Spacelike, 24, 47, 85 Special relativity, 4, 7, 8, 11 26, 30, 34, 35, 37 43, 47, 48, 50, 80 88, 98 101, 103 107, 109, 110, 113 116 Stachel, J., 3, 11, 42, 105 Stachow, E.W., 52, 53, 58, 62, 63, 72 Substances, 2, 4, 7, 50, 51 Syntax, 52, 60, 75, 90 T Teitelboim, 47 Terrell, J., 81 tertium non datur, 56 tertium non datur law, 60 Theology, 42, 81, 113 Thoroughgoingly, 51, 52 Three valued logic, 108 Time dilatation, 24, 27 29, 35 37, 39, 42, 104, 106 Timelike, 24, 27, 85 Topological time, 13, 40, 42 Train experiment, 105 True, 3, 43, 54 63, 66, 68 70, 72, 73, 81, 91, 94, 97, 105, 113 115, 117 Truth, 5 6, 48, 55 57, 60, 61, 65, 90, 91, 113 117 U Uncertainty relation, 67, 97, 98, 116 Universal time, 2, 13, 16, 17, 19, 27, 34, 40, 42, 44, 82, 107, 114 Unrestricted availability, 54, 56 58, 91 Unsharp observables, 65, 68, 95, 97 Unsharp properties, 65, 66, 68, 69, 76, 89 91, 95, 97, 116 Unsharp propositions, 66 69, 97 Unsharp quantum logics, 67 69, 76 Unsharp quantum ontology, 65, 88 V Value definiteness, 52, 53, 56, 57, 60, 61, 64 67, 75, 76, 90 Value equivalence, 57, 59 Velocity c of light, 39, 80, 84, 86 Velocity constant o, 40, 84 verum, 56, 61, 81 Vilenkin, A., 87 Vollmer, G., 6, 117 von Helmholtz, H., 44, 103 von Neumann, J., 71, 72, 108, 110 W Weingartner, P., 71, 114 Weyl commutation relations, 93 Weyl tensor, 46 Wheeler, J.A., 45, 46, 99, 105, 115 Wittgenstein s ladder, 98 Y Young s modulus, 100 Z Zero-mass particle, 34, 86, 105