Berner Studien zur Politikwissenschaft 18 Regulatory Social Policy The Politics of Job Security Regulations von Patrick Emmenegger 1. Auflage Regulatory Social Policy Emmenegger schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei beck-shop.de DIE FACHBUCHHANDLUNG Haupt Verlag 2009 Verlag C.H. Beck im Internet: www.beck.de ISBN 978 3 258 07477 1
Berner Studien zur Politikwissenschaft Band 18 Herausgegeben vom Institut für Politikwissenschaft der Universität Bern
Patrick Emmenegger Regulatory Social Policy The Politics of Job Security Regulations Haupt Verlag Bern Stuttgart Wien
Patrick Emmenegger is an assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and Public Management of the University of Southern Denmark and member of the Centre for Welfare State Research. He works on comparative politics with emphasis on labour market politics, welfare state institutions and the relationship between social policies and migration policies. His recent work has been published in East European Politics and Societies, Journal of European Social Policy and Swiss Political Science Review, among others. Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doctor rerum socialium der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Bern. Die Fakultät hat diese Arbeit am 16. Oktober 2008 auf Antrag der beiden Gutachter, Prof. Dr. Klaus Armingeon (Erstgutachter) und Prof. Dr. Giuliano Bonoli (Zweitgutachter), als Dissertation angenommen, ohne damit zu den darin ausgesprochenen Auffassungen Stellung nehmen zu wollen. Redaktion und Satzherstellung durch den Autor. 1. Auflage: 2009 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. ISBN: 978-3-258-07477-1 Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Copyright 2009 by Haupt Berne Jede Art der Vervielfältigung ohne Genehmigung des Verlages ist unzulässig. Printed in Switzerland www.haupt.ch
Table of contents 1 Introduction 19 2 Who demands job security regulations? 29 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Theoretical considerations 32 2.2.1 Denomination and religiosity: the social Catholicism thesis 32 2.2.2 Labour market status: the insider/outsider theory of employment and unemployment 38 2.2.3 Labour market risks: the relative skill specificity thesis 45 2.2.4 Social classes: the replaceability thesis 51 2.2.5 Control variables: demographic traits, new social risks and associational memberships 55 2.3 Data sources and variable operationalisation 57 2.4 Empirical evidence 67 2.4.1 Denomination and religiosity: the social Catholicism thesis 74 2.4.2 Labour market status: the insider/outsider theory of employment and unemployment 77 2.4.3 Labour market risks: the relative skill specificity thesis 82 2.4.4 Social classes: the replaceability thesis 93 2.4.5 Discussion 96 2.5 Conclusions 103 3 Church, state, the varieties of capitalism and job security regulations 105 3.1 Introduction 105 3.2 Theoretical arguments on the determinants of job security regulations 107 3.2.1 Denomination 107 3.2.2 Strength of religious parties 109 3.2.3 Strength of the labour movement 110 3.2.4 Number of institutional veto points 111 3.2.5 State-society relationships 111 3.2.6 Degree of non-market coordination in a production regime 113 3.2.7 Legal traditions 115
6 Table of contents 3.2.8 Summary 118 3.3 The state of the empirical literature 119 3.4 Why fs/qca? 123 3.5 Calibration of the fuzzy set scores 125 3.5.1 Outcome: job security regulations (JSR) 126 3.5.2 Condition I: denomination (R) 133 3.5.3 Condition II: strength of religious parties (P) 135 3.5.4 Condition III: strength of the labour movement (L) 137 3.5.5 Condition IV: number of institutional veto points (V) 139 3.5.6 Condition V: state-society relationships (S) 141 3.5.7 Condition VI: degree of non-market coordination in a production regime (C) 144 3.5.8 Condition VII: legal traditions (J) 147 3.6 Empirical analysis 148 3.6.1 Necessary conditions for the outcome high level of job security regulations 149 3.6.2 Necessary conditions for the outcome low level of job security regulations 154 3.6.3 Sufficient conditions for the outcome high level of job security regulations 154 3.6.4 Sufficient conditions for the outcome low level of job security regulations 164 3.7 Conclusions 169 4 Liberal labour markets in non-liberal market economies 171 4.1 Introduction 171 4.2 The development of job security regulations in Denmark 173 4.2.1 Developments before 1966 in Denmark and Sweden 178 4.2.2 Developments after 1966 in Sweden 182 4.2.3 Developments after 1966 in Denmark 188 4.2.4 Denmark and Sweden in comparison 199 4.3 The development of job security regulations in Switzerland 200 4.3.1 Why does Switzerland have weak statism? 202 4.3.2 A new political actor: the emergence of the labour movement 209 4.3.3 Les Trentes Glorieuses 216 4.3.4 The first oil price crisis and the political responses 223
Table of contents 7 4.4 Conclusions 226 5 Conclusions 229 5.1 A look into the future 238 Appendix 241 References 253