Power Plant Technology

Transkript

1 Dortm Technology in NRW Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 1 University of - Environmental Process Engineering and Plant Design (Energy Research Ruhr) - Sicht von Schlesien Nordrhein-Westfalen 28. Juni 2010,,, Germany Topics Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen Actual situation Projects State-of-the-art-technology Power plant projects CCS: research projects CCS: industrial projects - pilot scale CCS: industrial projects - EU demo projects Challenges for power producers for the manufacturers / suppliers Conclusions Folie 2

2 Dortm Actual Situation Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 3 Actual situation Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 4 In the energy sector the EU is active with 4 strategies Intelligent use of energy - without reduction in quality of life - increase of efficiency in all sectors Renewable energies - in all power ranges - with all technologies -lean energy/power production - in all power ranges - with all technologies Use of nuclear power We have to use the complete primary energy and technology portfolio. Not: Renewables Fossils Centralized Decentralized production Because: Electrical grid is joining element and bottle nec

3 Actual situation Dortm Situation in Germany: Renewable energies are favoured and will form an essential part of the power production in the future Renewable energies Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 5 Coal and gas With CCS, if accepted and economic Nuclear power Source: RWE, Lambertz, 2010 Actual situation Dortm emissions in 2007 from the energy sector for some regions resp. countries Region / Country World USA Emissions t t Nordrhein-Westfalen Asia and Oceania China Europe Germany t t t t Folie 6 Source: BMWi, 2008

4 Actual situation Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 7 emissions in Germany in 2007 from different sources 12,1% 13,6% 6,1% 20,1% 5,5% 42,5% energy sector traffic households manufacturing commerce rest small consumers CO emissions 2 emissionen / energy / energy sector sector / Germany / Germany / 2007 / / 2007: roughly: 400,000, ,475,000 t /a = t CO /amt /a for comparison: emissions / 600 MW power plant / hard coal / base load 4,000,000 t /a = 4 Mt /a Actual situation Dortm CCS carbon capture and storage potentials Aims for EU emissions in 2030 emissions in the EU [Gt equivalent / a] ,200 Mt/a IEA reference scenario 4.2 Energy efficiency 0.5 Renewables 0.2 Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 8 Other measures 0.3 IEA scenario alternative politics 3.2 CCS potential 0.4 IEA scenario alternative politics and CCS Quelle: e.on, Fischer, IZ Klima-Konferenz 2009 and ZEP EU aim ambitious (basis %) 400 Mt/a is equivalent to the emissions from the energy sector in Germany 30 % reduction EU aim (basis %)

5 Actual situation Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen Possibilities for the reduction of emissions in power generation Increase of efficiency Protection of fuel resources Direct reduction of specific emissions per kwh el Classical non regret strategy Changeover in fuel (coal to gas) Reduction of specific emissions per kwh el Geostrategic critical resource allocation Change in the energy mix (security in energy supply) CCS Aim is the reduction in emissions by 90 % Suitable for new and (partially) for old plants Technical process chain can be handled Administrative permissions and acceptance by the public are an issue Folie 9 Actual situation Increase of efficiency Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen emissions per kwh el reference power plant NRW net efficiency: 45 % spec. emissions: 743 g/kwh el coal consumption: 320 g/kwh el Folie 10 Source: VGB Figures Facts

6 Projects Dortm Power plant and CCS Projects Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 11 State-of-the-art power plant Increase of efficiencies by optimizing components of the power plant Lignite Hard coal Gas Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen > 43 % % Lausward (Stadtwerke D dorf) > 60 % Folie 12 Lignite pre-drying Optimized plant parameters Reduction of subsistence power... Plants: BoA 2+3 Quelle: VGB, Evonik, Siemens, 2010 Concept simplification Red. of subsistence power Coal mil air usage Low condesor pressure... Plants: Walsum 10 Datteln 4 RDK 8 GT efficiency Absolute power of GT Increase of inlet temp.... Plants: Irsching (540 MW)

7 Reference power plant NRW Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen State-of-the-art technology of the 600 C power plant, hard coal fired basic data el. gross-power el. net-power el. net-efficiency feed water temperature live steam parameters condenser pressure pre-heater stages 600 MW 555,6 MW 45,9 % 303,4 C 285 bar 600 C 45 mbar 8 Folie 13 Reference power plant NRW State-of-the-art technology of the 600 C power plant, hard coal fired, without -sequestration Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 14 Characteristic technical data p FD = 285,bar / T FD = 600 C p ZÜ = 060 bar / T ZÜ = 620 C p K = 045 mbar m CO2 = 115 kg/s (full load) P el,brutto = 600 MW = 556 MW P el,netto η Netto = 045,9 %

8 Power plant projects Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 15 Power plant projects in Germany conceptional phase project stopped project questionable Hard coal Lignite Gas Reasons for pendent situation: Renewables are favoured in general Big projects in general having no acceptance Central power production is er pressure Coal is er pressure CCS is er pressure (transport, storage); no acceptance Power plant projects Power plant projects in Germany Lignite Fluidized bed drying Hard coal 700 C power plant -stopped - RWE Niederaußem e.on Wilhelmshaven Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen Lignite pre-drying Increase of efficiency up to 48 % Increase of efficiency up to >50 % by higher life steam temperatures temperature (700 C) pressure (up to 350 bar) Folie 16

9 Dortm Carbon capture and storage Nordrhein-Westfalen capture transport storage Folie 17 Dortm CCS - capture CCS-Technologies Process Overview s Power with Plant with CO Capture 2 Pre-Combustion Oxy-Combustion Post-Combustion Nordrhein-Westfalen Reduction of efficiency due to CCS measures %-points Folie 18 Sourcee: E.ON/Alstom/Vattenfall

10 CCS - transport Possible NRW solutions for big point sources in power generation Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 19 Quelle: Wuppertal Institut, Viebahn et al, Projektzwischenbericht 2008 CCS - storage Dortm Storage potentials in Germany sources sinks Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 20 Quelle: BGR

11 CCS PCC research areas Dortm Power plant with post-combustion carbon capture Fields of optimization in the capture process Solvent selection R K + - O C C H O Process optimization Nordrhein-Westfalen H N H Folie 21 Power plant integration CCS PCC research areas Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 22 Power plant with post-combustion carbon capture Power plant integration Boary conditions: capture rate 90 % spec. heat demand 3,5 GJ/t basis: reference power plant NRW PP without CCS thermal output MW th gross electrical output MW el , internal electricity consumption MW el power for pre-scrubber MW el power for additional fan MW el power for pumps and aggregates in the -capture unit PP with CCS MW el power for -compression (5-stage) (5-stages) MW el net electrical output MW el net efficiency % Reduction of efficiency by CCS %-points

12 CCS industrial projects - pilot scale Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 23 RWE-BASF-Linde PCC research plant Characteristic data of the plant Flue gas bypass stream from a lignite fired power plant Product 159 Nm 3 / h 7.2 t / d Start-up 05/2009 Construction 6 skids Source: Linde-KRC, containers skid 1: 4 x 4 x 41 m 80 tons Dortm CCS industrial projects - pilot scale Vattenfall oxy-combustion research plant boiler ESP FGD air separation plant Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 24 FG condenser plant CCS H. Altmann VE-G E-K Netzwerk KWT AG1 Characteristic data Boiler load: 30 MW th Coal demand: 5.2 t/h Oxygen demand: 10 t/h (liq.) production: 9 t/h

13 CCS industrial projects - pilot scale e.on CCS projects in PCC Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 25 Source: e.on Energie, 2010 CCS industrial projects - pilot Scale Perspectives In time: horizons to a commercial launch Dortm Development Selection small pilot plants < 5 Mw el Nordrhein-Westfalen Optimization Scale Up storage large pilot plants Mw el Optimization Scale Up demo plants n x 100 Mw el Commerc. operation Folie 26 Source: e.on Energie, 2009

14 CCS EU demo projects Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 27 EERP (European Economy Recovery Plan) The following projects have been awarded fing er the EERP: Jänschwalde (Vattenfall, Germany) Demonstration of the oxy-combustion and the post-combustion technology on an existing power plant site. Two storage and transport options are analysed. 180 Mill Porto-Tolle (Enel Ingegneria e Innovazione S.p.A., Italy) Installation of CCS technology on a new 660 MW coal power plant. The capture part will treat flue gases corresponding to 250 MW electrical output. Storage in an offshore saline aquifer nearby. 100 Mill Rotterdam (Maasvlakte J.V. / E.ON Benelux and Electrabel, Netherlands) Demonstration of the full chain of CCS on a capacity of 250 MW equivalent using postcombustion technology. Storage of in a depleted offshore gas field near the plant. The project is part of the Rotterdam Climate Initiative RCI that aims at developing a transport and storage infrastructure for the region. 180 Mill Belchatow (PGE EBSA Poland) Demonstration of the entire CCS chain on flue gases corresponding to 250 MW electrical output in a new supercritical unit of largest lignite-fired plant in Europe. Three different saline aquifer storage sites will be explored nearby. 180 Mill Compostilla (ENDESA Generacion S.A, Spain) Demonstration of the full CCS chain using oxy-combustion and fluidised bed technology on a 30 MW pilot plant which to be up-scaled by December 2015 to a demonstration plant of more than 320 MW. Storage in a saline aquifer nearby. 180 Mill Hatfield (Powerfuel Power Ltd., UK) Demonstration of CCS on a new, 900 MW IGCC power plant. Storage in an offshore gas field nearby. The project is part of the Yorkshire Forward initiative that aims at developing a transport and storage infrastructure for the region. 180 Mill CCS EU demo projects Dortm Vattenfall, Jänschwalde - EERP (European Economy Recovery Plan) oxycombustion boiler post-combustion capture Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 28 coal drying ASU air separation unit CCS H. Altmann VE-G E-K Netzwerk KWT AG1 FG cleaning compression Characteristic data 500 MW el unit 3 boiler concept Boiler F3 new oxy-combustion Boiler F1 retrofit with PCC

15 Challenges Dortm Challenges Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 29 Challenges for power producers Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 30 Aims for development for a power plant with PCC capture Efficiency of the reference PP NRW /620 C PP state of the art technology Efficiency of the 700 C PP without CCS /720 C PP aim of development is 2015 Reduction of efficiency by PCC at the moment 9-13 %-points use of new washing media (2. generation) development of optimized processes Efficiency of the 700 PP with CCS average value in Germany 38 % reference PP NRW 45 % η (LCV) coal [%] [g/kwh el ] [g/kwh el ] Increase of efficiency is an essential pre-condition for the application of CCS, also er the aspect of ressource protection

16 Challenges for the Manufacturers Dortm Challenges for the Manufacturers Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 31 Challenges for the Manufacturers Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen Power plant with post-combustion carbon capture Additional pre-cleaning Additional spraying plains Reduction degree [%] Number of spraying plains [-] Folie 32 Source: Fisia, Gummersbach max. 18 m (better < 12 m)

17 Challenges for the Manufacturers Materials / components Corrosion resistant, cost-saving materials Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 33 Chemical resistance of materials against: acids bases in various ph-ranges and with various additives (activators, inhibitors,...) at different temperatures Conclusions Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 34

18 Conclusions Dortm Financial and regulatory aspects are essential for project realization (economy and unbling procedure) Hard conditions for new power plant projects emissions in power generation must be reduced CCS technologies are investigated at different stages (research, lab scale, pilot scale) Nordrhein-Westfalen Folie 35 Increase of efficiency is an essential pre-condition for CCS Pre-combustion, oxy-combustion and post-combustion carbon capture technologies can be applied Post-combustion capture can be retrofitted if the power plant is capture ready Transport and storage are technically realizable, but need public acceptance End Dortm Nordrhein-Westfalen Thank you for your attention Folie 36