Landschaftsökologie. Felix Kienast, WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf

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1 Landschaftsökologie Felix Kienast, WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf Theoretische LÖ und praktische Beispiele (Übungen) Ergänzt durch Praktikum im FS (4 Tage) Prüfung 60 Min ohne Hilfsmittel Skript: Turner et al (ist als pdf auf ftp://ftp.wsl.ch/ pub/kienast/v _landecol/) Prüfungsstoff ist markiert mit Hausaufgaben: Lesen nächstes Kapitel & Fragen beantworten wenn gefordert Testat nicht erforderlich für Prüfung Sprache: Mix E/D Vorlesungsinhalt Vorlesungsthema Übung Prüfung 1. Einführung in die Landschaftsökologie & Definitionen & Fachgebiete (Turner Kap. 1) Definitionen Ja, markierte Stellen in Turner 2. Skalierungsfragen Scaling / Perkolationstheorie Ja 3. Gründe für Spruce budworm Ja Landschaftsmuster 4. Quantifizieren von Landschaftsmustern Übung Inwil mit metrics Ja, metrics Formeln nein, Begriffe und Bedeutung ja 5. Störungen und ihre Ja Auswirkungen auf die Landschaft 6. Einführung in Modelle Markov-Modell Ja Landschaftsveränderung 7. Inventare Websuche Ja, ohne Details 8. Gastvorlesung aus der Praxis Nein 9. Angewandte Landschaftsentwicklungsstrategien Ja, markierte Stellen Landschaftsökologie, LEK (Schutzgebiete) Strategien: Prinzip kennen 1

2 DS1: Einführung in die Landschaftsökologie What you should learn today Know about the main differences between landscape ecology definitions (p. 2-7) Know the driving forces that lead to a boom of landscape ecological studies (p. 7-10) Know about the intellectual roots of landscape ecology! (p & Kienast et al. 2007) Class-room exercise I (5 min) Draw me a landscape! Sketch a landscape Give it a title (potential research topic) What is a minimum landscape? 2

3 Turner et al. 2001, chapter 1 What is a landscape? What is Landscape Ecology about? --> Definitions Why is Landscape Ecology booming? What are the intellectual roots of Landscape Ecology? What is a landscape? Turner et. al., 2001, p.7: A landscape is an area that is spatially heterogeneous in at least one factor of interest BUWAL: Landscapes encompass the entire space within and outside settlements. They result from the dynamic interplay of natural variables (e.g. bedrock, soil, water, air, climate, fauna and flora) with cultural, societal and economic factors (Def. accord. "Landschaftskonzept Schweiz", BUWAL). 3

4 Turner et al. 2001, chapter 1 What is a landscape? What is Landscape Ecology about? --> Definitions Why is Landscape Ecology booming? What are the intellectual roots of Landscape Ecology? Landscape ecology definitions(15-20 ) Read Turner et al. 2001, p 2-7 (without Table 1.1) & german definitions Answer the following questions with your neighbor: - What definition do you like best? - What s the role of humans in Landscape Ecology - In what respect does Landscape Ecology differ from Ecology? from Geography? - Do landscapes physically exist or is the concept landscape a subjective imagination? 4

5 Turner et al. 2001, chapter 1 Table 1: Definition of commonly used terms in landscape ecology. From: Turner et al Configuration Specific arrangement of spatial elements; often used synonymously with Räumliche spatial structure or patch structure. Verknüpfung, Verbindung Anordnung Connectivity Spatial continuity of a habitat or cover type across a landscape. Corridor Relatively narrow strip of a particular type that differs from the areas Klassifikations- adjacent on both sides. kategorie in Karte Cover type Category within a classification scheme defined by the user that distinguishes among the different habitats, ecosystems, or vegetation types on a landscape. Grenzsaum, Edge Rand Portion of an ecosystem or cover type near its perimeter and within which environmental conditions may differ from the interior locations in the ecosystem; also used as a measure of the length of adjacency between Zerstückelung Zerschneidung cover types on a landscape. Fragmentation Breaking up of a habitat or cover type into smaller, disconnected parcels. Heterogeneity Verschiedenartigkeit Quality or state of consisting of dissimilar elements, as with mixed habitats or cover types occurring on a landscape; opposite of homogeneity, in which elements are the same. Landscape Area that is spatially heterogeneous in at least one factor of interest. Matrix Background cover type in a landscape, characterized by extensive cover and high connectivity; not all landscapes have a definable matrix. Patch Surface area that differs from its surroundings in nature or appearance. Fläche Scale Spatial or temporal dimension of an object or process, characterized by Skala, Massstab both grain and extent. Auflösung Ausschnitt Turner et al. 2001, chapter 1 Seite 6, Turner, Bild d 5

6 Turner et al. 2001, chapter 1 What is Landscape Ecology about? --> Definitions What is a landscape? Why is Landscape Ecology booming? (p. 7) What are the intellectual roots of Landscape Ecology? Contemporary drivers Implosion of space (Abendroth 2002) Aachen 4 hr train ride (1990) 4 hr train ride (2010) 6

7 Werden sich die (Baum)Arten! indviduell verschieben? Waldgrenze?! Art C! Pinus sylvestris" Art C! Art B! Art B!?! Art A! Art A! nach Birks 1989" nach Peters & Darling 1985" 1997 Business as usual ~ yrs Liberalisation ~ yrs ~ yrs Management for biodiversity 7

8 Scaling from Stands to Landscapes MODIS-MOD17 Produkte: GPP Nachhaltiger Umgang mit Fliessgewässern - Beispiel Rhone und Thur 8

9 Scaling Scale Components: Grain Extent From: Turner et al

10 Multispectral information and plant growth Spatial and temporal resolution Landsat-TM 7: Salt Lake City Landsat-TM 7: Yellowstone Landsat-TM 7: Front Range CO Landsat-TM 7: Bern Multispectral information and plant growth Spatial and temporal resolution, (TERRA, MODIS) 10

11 Homework Chapter 1 (Introduction) von M. Turner Print out page 8-20; read page 2-20 & Kienast 2007 ftp://ftp.wsl.ch/pub/kienast/v _landecol/class_1 ---> file turner_2001_introduction.pdf ---> file kienast_et_al_2007_einleitung_landscape.pdf Download chapter 2 von M. Turner ftp://ftp.wsl.ch/pub/ kienast/v _landecol/class_2 ---> file turner_2001_2_scale.pdf Print out for class 2 page 25-34;