ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN PRODUCTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS. Marion I. Tobler

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1 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN PRODUCTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS Marion I. Tobler Dr. sc. nat. Rolf Werner Dr.Michael Scheidt Systec AG Kontakt Markus Stutz Anton Arnold Alfred Rubi Thomas Baumann Dr.Jürgen Baumann Siemens Schweiz Dr.Walter Odermatt Cerberus Stephan Schürch Landis & Staefa Andreas Hug Siemens Building Technologies Dr.Marion Tobler-Rohr Walter Müller Kontakt Res Witschi Marcel Meier Stefan Bräuer Satronic 1

Michael Scheidt Systec AG Kontakt Markus Stutz Anton Arnold Alfred Rubi Thomas Baumann Dr.Jürgen Baumann Siemens Schweiz Dr.

2 VREG Regulation on recycling and waste treatment of electric and electronic equipment REGULATIONS OF ELECTRONIC WASTE Obligation of return Obligation of collection Qaulity of treatment Control (National /Export) USG 2

ELECTRONIC WASTE Obligation of return Obligation of

3 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHODS CML AND EI95 Inventory (LCI) Classification Charakterization Normalization Weighting Aggregation ozon depletion waste volatile substances metals chemicals (PCB, VOC, PAH) dust heavy metals canzerogenity summer smog winter smog pesticides global warming acidification deaths health ecosystem damages Eco Indicator Points eutrophication CML EI95 MANUFACTURING OF COMPONENTS [%] Eco-Indicator 95 CML BUWAL 133 Ecopoints NL BUWAL Processemissions Cleaning Energy Incineration Oil Others 3

global warming acidification deaths health ecosystem damages Eco Indicator Points eutrophication CML EI95 MANUFACTURING OF COMPONENTS 100

4 8.00E-09 FLATCHIP- RESISTOR 1206, ¼ Watt (SMD) 7.00E E E E E E-09 Varnish Glas Nickel Silver Ceramic 1.00E E+00 ecotoxicity human toxicity resources METALFILM _ RESISTOR; WIRED 0207, ¼ Watt 1.60E E E E E E E-07 Varnish Nickel Iron Copper Ceramic 2.00E E+00 ecotoxicity human toxicity resources 4

00E+00 ecotoxicity human toxicity resources METALFILM _ RESISTOR; WIRED 0207, ¼ Watt 1.60E-06 1.

5 energy elektricity crude oil products resistors input materials ceramic body contact caps Metalglaze contactwire enamel coating auxillaries volatile substances water organic solvents anorganic substances production of wired resistors airborne emissions organic solvents volatile substances waterborne emissions anorganic substances waste solid waste anorganic substances organic solvents coating CRITICAL SUBSTANCEE IN ELEKTRO- UND ELEKTRONIC EQUIPMENT Cadmium (Cd ) Lead (Pb) Mercury (Hg) Organic substances Polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB) Florinated / Clorinated Hydrocarbonates (FCHC) Selen (Se) Polybrominated Diphenylether (PBDE) 5

emissions anorganic substances waste solid waste anorganic substances organic solvents coating CRITICAL SUBSTANCEE IN ELEKTRO- UND ELEKTRONIC EQUIPMENT

6 COMPOUNDS OF ELECTRONIC WASTE Plastics 17% Monitor Tubes 10% Printet Circ.board and Connectors 4% Other substances 3% Cable 2% Hazardous waste 1% Metals 63% Source: SWICO, 2000 RECYCLING AND WASTE SCENARIOS recycling electronic waste Ressourcen resources elektronic waste incineration Ressourcen resources Elektrizität elektricity Wärme heat incineration KVA Kupfer copper Recycling recycling Rohstahl steel Recycling recycling Aluminium aluminium Recycling recycling Deponie disposal Elektrizität elektricity Wärme heat Produktion production Rohstahl steel Recycling recycling elektricity Elektrizität Wärme heat incineration KVA Kupfer copper Produktion production Rohstahl steel Produktion production Aluminium aluminium Produktion production Nutzengleichheit equivalent use Nutzengleichheit equivalent use 6

incineration Ressourcen resources Elektrizität elektricity Wärme heat incineration KVA Kupfer copper Recycling recycling Rohstahl steel Recycling recycling Aluminium aluminium Recycling recycling

7 SYSTEM INCINERATION electricity heat energy auxillaries heat recovery water steam waste energy incineration cleaning cleaned air iron recycling boiler ashes slag filter ashes effluents SYSTEM STEEL electricity crude oil coal graphite oxygen chalk electric arc kiln steel kiln slag boiler cast steel mill rolling mill scrap iron filter ashes airb. emissions 7

effluents SYSTEM STEEL electricity crude oil coal graphite oxygen chalk electric arc kiln

8 SYSTEM COPPER copper scrap copper slag copper blend kiln % converter 97 % electrolytic refinery 99.9 % anode kiln 99 % anode waste old copper cathode copper anode sludge slag filter ashes airb. emissions SELECTED FRACTIONS fraction fe al cu metals printed circuit boards plastic paper glas capacitors and batteries [kg/t copy machine]

$airb. emissions SELECTED FRACTIONS fraction fe al cu metals printed circuit boards plastic$

9 WEIGHT AND NET RETURN OF METALS 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% weight net return 30% 20% 10% 0% fe al cu + precious m. metals STRUCTURE OF COSTS incineration Fr.404. Fr recycling Fr.692. Fr personell transports disposal common costs amortization maschinery material/maintenance 9

metals STRUCTURE OF COSTS incineration Fr.404. Fr.383.-- recycling Fr.

10 COMPARISON OF METHODS EP scenario recycling EI99 scenario incineration CML EI95 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% EP = EcoPoints EI99 = EcoIndicator 99 CML= impact categories EI95 = EcoIndicator 95 SCENARIO INCINERATION EP EI99 EI95 inc. non-iron inc. plastic inc. iron copper production aluminium prod. raw steel production 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100% EP = EcoPoints EI99 = Eco Indicator 99 EI95 = EcoIndicaor 95 10

INCINERATION EP EI99 EI95 inc. non-iron inc. plastic inc. iron copper production aluminium prod.

11 SCENARIO RECYCLING EP EI99 copper recycling aluminium recycling iron recycling transports disassembly incineraton plastic EI95 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% EP = EcoPoints EI99 = Eco Indicator 99 EI95 = EcoIndicaor 95 INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS 11

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% EP = EcoPoints EI99

12 When the wind of globalisation is blowing, some build shelters and some build windmills Product Information System for Environment & Safety (PISES) qualitymanagement development procurement production package processes substances disassembly extension function recycling concept re-use % recycled materials compounding raw material production PISES sales regulations and other requirements ecolabel environm. declaration failures maintenance operation instructions instructions for installation direction for assembly special components options for recycling hazardous substances use mending recycling/recovery 12

materials compounding raw material production PISES sales regulations and other requirements ecolabel environm.

13 Product Evolution Process PEP PEP Flowchart and Milestone Processing Definition, & Plan MS0 Realisation MS1 Zero Series- Manufact. Marketintroduction MS3 MSn Projectsteps Product Requirements no prohibited substances eco-efficient recycling minimal ressources waste emissionen, etc Evidence of quality, function and safety proof for environmental compatible product design MS = Milestones Environment. assessment list of substances PEP-Productassessment Product- and sale documentation technical dokumentation conformity declaration Environmental Product Declaration Siemens Environmental Award Breakdown of submissions according to the countries Switzerland 5 Total: 253 Applications Slowakia 5 Argentina 5 Australia 5 Brazil 11 Italy 6 Portugal 11 UK 9 France 13 others 28 Canada 33 USA 35 Germany 87 Others: China 4 Mexico 4 Austria 4 India 3 Lituavia 2 Malaysia 2 Tcheck 2 Japan 1 Korea 1 San Salvador 1 Spain 1 Netherlands 1 Sweden 1 Columbia 1 13

for environmental compatible product design MS = Milestones Environment.

14 Content of environmental product declaration ABB introduction organization discription of product and production scale and scope / functional unit resources environmental significance in product Life Cycle impact assessment and weighting environmental instructions certification of EPD referencens / literatur remarks green book for integrated produkt policy of the European Community The green book provides proposals for a strategy of enhancement and a new orientation of product related environmental measures. The aim is to improve the development of market for environmental friendly products. the Integrated Product Policy (IPP) of the EC requires to reveal product information Produktinformationen. The EU will set frame conditions for the future to support environmental declarations 14

green book provides proposals for a strategy of enhancement and a new orientation of product related environmental measures.

15 Links Green book for integrated product policy (EU) Integrated product policy (BUWAL) ex.htm Environmental Product Declaration Requirements for EPD d_msr19992.pdf EPD`s ofabb > Sustainability > Environmental Product Declaration ACKNOWLEDGES Dr. Jürgen Baumann, Siemens AG George Brändle, Mettler Toledo Dominik Oetiker, ETH Markus Stutz, Motorola Hans Tobler, IG exact Hansueli Riesen, ABB and all members of IG exact 15

pdf EPD`s ofabb http://www.abb.com/ > Sustainability > Environmental Product Declaration ACKNOWLEDGES Dr.

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