Rural development towards a biobased

Transkript

1 Rural development towards a biobased economy -The contribution of Forest Research- IUFRO European Congress, Forests and Forestry in the Context of Rural Development Warsaw, September 2007 Konstantin von Teuffel, Frank Brodbeck, Frieder Hepperle Freiburg, Germany

2 Structure 1. Basic Information 2. Status quo from a German Perspective 3. Potentials in Germany 4. Future Research

3 What is the Knowledge- Based Bio-Economy? The knowledge base: Advances in Life Sciences and Biotechnologies in convergence with other technologies such as nanotechnologies, chemistry, information technologies.., The Bio- Economy: Includes all industries and economic sectors that produce, manage or otherwise make use of biological resources including bio-waste. The European bio-economy has an approximate market size of over 1.5 trillion, employing more than 22 million people 4 Fs: Food, Fiber, Fuel and Feed Scource: Patermann 2007, EU COM

4 What is the Knowledge-Base Bio-Economy offering? Sustainability and a cleaner environment Energy and water saving production and processes; decrease dependency of fossil resources; absence of phosphorus in products; decrease CO2 emission Improved health Food with improved nutritional value, increased food safety, new treatments, diagnosis and vaccines against animal diseases, improved feed Support to rural development Use of set-aside land; cultivation of new crops; decentralised production facilities Increased industrial competitiveness through innovative eco-efficient bio-based products Scource: Patermann 2007, EU COM

5 Basic information Contributions of Wood to a Bio-based Economy Wood Construction / living Pulp and Paper Biorefinery Bioenergy Structural and civil engineering Furniture Interior design Paper Cardboard Pulp BtL, Biodiesel Plastics, chemicals DME Split logs Wood chips Wood pellets Methanol

6 Basic information Biobased economy material flow model (biomass) Forestry Landscape Management Agriculture Raw biomass energetic Use Heat Power processed Biomass/ waste management biogas/ landfill gas wood/ straw pellets biofuels... non-energetic use wood industry crop industry biochemical industry

7 Status quo Current annual utilisation of round wood in Germany - Sectoral view - 35 * = ca M m³ [M m³] % 10 % 23 %!! Cons truction & Living? Pulp + Paper Biorefinery Energy Probably more logs industrial wood residual wood * imports not included MANTAU, U., BILITEWSKI, B, (2005) and OCHS, T. et al. (2007)

8 Status quo Current shares of raw products in the pulp & paper industry Germany (2005) 60,2% 7,8% industrial wood saw mill residues recovered paper other fibres minerals/ additives 13,8% 18,1% 0,1% Sources: VDP (2006), Papier 2006 ein Leistungsbericht, Bonn

9 Status quo The integrated biorefinery approach * * DME: dimethyl ester GIRARD,P. FALLOT, A., (2006)

10 Status quo Total resource-input of the chemical industry Germany (2001) Coal 10% Renewable Ressources 8% Increasing rate (2004: 10 %) Gas 27% Oil 55% Source: VCI (2001, 2004), in: Busch, R.(2005):

11 Potential Current and potential annual utilisation of round wood in Germany - assortment view - [M m³] 50,0 45,0 40,0 35,0 30,0 25,0 20,0 15,0 10,0 5,0 0,0 logs * = 61.7 M m³ * = 92.8 M m³ industrial wood residual wood current annual utilisation potential annual utilisation * imports not included

12 Potential Current and potential annual utilisation of round wood in Germany - Sectoral view [M m³] ? logs current logs potential industrial wood current industrial wood potential residual wood current residual wood potential 0 Construction & Living Pulp + Paper Biorefinery Energy Sources: MANTAU, U., BILITEWSKI (2005), B OCHS, T. et al. (2007), Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz,(2002), v. TEUFFEL, K., HEPPERLE, F., (2007

13 Potential Potential annual amount of energy from German Forests Technical potential: ca Mio. m³ (10.7 Mio. ha forest and ca. 2.3 m³ residual wood per year and hectar) Heating value: ca. 213 PJ/ a (at 2403 kwh/m³, water content = 0 % from LWF 2003 and 42 % Broadleaves and 58 % Conifers acc. to BWI²) = ca. 1.5 % of the total primary energy supply (TPES) in Germany (TPES in Germany 2005: PJ) Source: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie 2006

14 Basic information The European bio-economy Sector Annual turn-over [billion EUR] Employment [million] Source Food CIAA Agriculture COPA-COGECA Paper / Pulp direct (4.0 indirect) CEPI Forestry / Wood industry CEI-Bois Industrial biotechnology 50 (est.) n.a. McKinsey Total 1, Source: Patermann, DG Research, European Commission

15 Potential Some conclusions Proportion of renewables in total energy use in Germany 2006 = 5,3 % (DIW 2007) Thanks to its properties, biomass has the potential to substitute almost the whole range of fossile resources! (SRU 2007) The availability of wood and other biomass is limited! This results in inter- and intra-sectoral competition. Consistent datasets still hard to find

16 Potential Some conclusions Markets have an important function in regulating competition. But: in certain cases (e.g. CO2 emissions, limited fossile resources, innovative technologies) subsidies and interventions by authorities may be necessary for certain forms of utilization.

17 Potentials for renewable resources Increase area Increase yield and productivity Use and transform raw materials more efficiently Establish utilization cascades Establish cycle concepts many questions open => Research is essential!

18 FP7 Collaborative research in Framework programme 7 Food, Agriculture & Biotechnology Activities in 3 main areas Sustainable production and management of biological resources from land, forest and aquatic environments Fork to farm : food, health and well being Life sciences and biotechnology for sustainable non-food products and processes Budget: 1.9 billion over 7 years ( ) Scource: Patermann F. Brodbeck, 2007, F. Hepperle EU COM

19 Rural development towards a bio-based economy Future Forest Research Needs: Potential and availability of area (forest, agricultural lands) growing stock and production (e.g. inventory methods) growth and yield of biomass (wood, timber, assortments, bark) Effects of climate change tree species distribution silvicultural systems growing stock and growth & yield risk (storm, fire, forest pathogenes)

20 Potential Cultivated area for selected crops in Germany ha Cereals Rapeseed (winter) Maize (for silage) Year Rapeseed (winter): used for biofuels Maize (for silage): used for biogas

21 Rural development towards a bio-based economy Future Forest Research Needs: Wood production new silvicultural systems (e.g. rotation age) selection of species, provenances, breeding, genetics with respect to quantity (growth and yield) and quality (assortments, fibre traits) short rotation plantations (e.g. planting, tending) intensified use of residual wood effects on biodiversity effects on nutrition cycles in soils

22 Rural development towards a bio-based economy Future Forest Research Needs: Forest-wood supply chain new harvesting methods (for forests and short rotation plantations) establish precision forestry optimise logistic systems (e.g. harvest, transport, identification and tracing, accounting)

23 Rural development towards a bio-based economy Future Forest Research Needs: Utilisation competition energetic vs. non-energetic other utilisation concurrences (e.g. BtL vs. pellet/chip) utilisation cascades energy and material flow analysis life cycle analysis (LCA s) recycling

24 Rural development towards a bio-based economy Future Forest Research Needs: Socio economic mobilisation of raw materials effects on employment in rural areas role of the state (e.g. subsidies for certain products) standardisation, labelling quality management eco-balances, (Ecological) Impact Assessment legal frameworks

25 Thank you for your attention!