Institute of Engineering Metals. Mining the Technosphere Potentials and Challenges, Drivers and Barriers

Transkript

1 Institute of Engineering Metals The Recycling potential of metals from MSW incineration residues Mining the Technosphere Potentials and Challenges, Drivers and Barriers Vienna, Deike, R.; Ulum, R.; Schubert, D.; Foppe, M.: University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg Gellermann, C.; Lutz, S.: Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Würzburg

2 Table of content 1. Introduction 2. Metal price changes 3. Is recycling always useful? 4. The recycling potential of metals from MSW bottom ash 5. What happens with iron an aluminium in MSW incineration? 6. Summary 2/26

3 Our world is in global structural change The old rule of thumb, that 80% of world s mining production is consumed by 20% of mankind in Europe, United States and Japan is not correct any more... A structural change has taken place and today 50% of world s mining production is consumed by 50% of mankind in the Peoples Republic of China, India and other countries with larger populations all over the world. Quelle: Wagner, M.; Huy, D.: Commodity Top News No.24, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Introduction 3/26

4 Most important nations in raw material consumption in 2011 Nach Daten der DERA: Deutschland Rohstoffsituation 2011, Deike, R.; Ebert, D.; Schubert, D.; Ulum, R.; Warnecke, R.; Vogell, M.: Berliner Schlackenkonferenz, Berlin, Introduction 4/26

5 The development of GDP in China Deike, R.: Resource efficiency against a background of changing international markets for industrial metals, Kendrion Symposium 2015, Rottweil Introduction 5/26

6 Price changes of different metals from (1.Q = 100 %) Nach Daten: LME 2. Metal price changes 6/26

7 The global production of REE and the price development of Cerium and Lanthanum Following data of United States Geological Survey, British Geological Survey, Deike, R.: Resource efficiency against a background of changing international markets for industrial metals, Kendrion Symposium 2015, Rottweil Metal price changes 7/26

8 Entropy development during production use and recycling In Anlehnung an Esser, R.: Thermodynamische Aspekte der Abfallverwertung, AbfallwirtschaftsJournal, vol 4, pp , 1992 Deike, R.: Die zukünftige Bedeutung des Recyclings metallischer und oxidischer Reststoffe unter dem Aspekt veränderter globaler Rohstoffmärkte, in Rohstoffeffizienz und Rohstoffinnovationen (Hrsg. U.Teipel u. R.Schmidt), Fraunhofer Verlag, Stuttgart, Is recycling always useful? 8/26

9 Content of elements in ores Stribrny, B.; Wagner, M.: Geowissenschaftliche Aspekte der Verfügbarkeit von Rohstoffen für die Stahlindustrie, Stahltag, Düsseldorf 10./ Is recycling always useful? 9/26

10 Content of different metals in MSW-incineration bottom ash in relation to metals contents in natural ores Morff, L.; Böni, D.; DiLorenzo, F.: 12. VDI Fachkonferenz Feuerung und Kessel, Köln, The recycling potential of metals from MSW bottom ash 10/26

11 What is needed for a successful internal and external recycling process Deike, R.: Urban Mining Kongress, Essen, The recycling potential of metals from MSW bottom ash 11/26

12 Different kinds of scrap separated with conventional technologies today Warnecke, R.; Deike, R.; Ebert, D.; Vogell, M.: Jahrestreffen der ProcessNet-Fachgruppe Abfallbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung, DECHEMA, Frankfurt, The recycling potential of metals from MSW bottom ash 12/26

13 Recycling potential of metals from mineral fraction Deike, R.; Ebert, D.; Warnecke, R.; Vogell, M.: 24. VDI Fachkonferenz, Thermische Abfallbehandlung, Würzburg, The recycling potential of metals from MSW bottom ash 13/26

14 Three dimensional microscopic photograph of a typical iron oxide particle Deike, R., Ebert, D.: VGB Workshop Produkte aus der thermischen Abfallverwertung, Bleicherode, What happens with iron and aluminium in MSW-incineration? 14/26

15 Reaction between iron oxide and mineral phases Metallic Iron Iron oxide Mineral phase Deike, R.; Ebert, D.; Warnecke, R.; Vogell, M.: Abschlussbericht zum Projekt Recyclingpotenziale bei Rückständen aus der Müllverbrennung, 5. What happens with iron and aluminium in MSW-incineration? 15/26

16 Reduction of trace elements in mineral phases with magnetic separation 5. What happens with iron and aluminium 16/26 in MSW-incineration?

17 Behaviour of Aluminium at about 900 C under normal atmosphere filmed with a high speed camera Deike, R.; Ebert, D.; Schubert, D.; Ulum, R.; Warnecke, R.; Vogell, M.: Berliner Schlackenkonferenz, Berlin, What happens with iron and aluminium in MSW-incineration? 17/26

18 Behaviour of Aluminium at about 900 C under normal atmosphere filmed with a high speed camera 5. What happens with iron and aluminium in MSW-incineration? 18/26

19 XPS-measurement of an aluminium oxide layer on the surface of an aluminium lid heated up to 900 C 5. What happens with iron and aluminium in MSW-incineration? 19/26

20 SEM and EDS-measurement of an aluminium oxide layer on the surface of an aluminium lid heated up to 900 C Selected Area 3 Selected Area 2 Selected Area 1 EDS Spot 1 5. What happens with iron and aluminium in MSW-incineration? 20/26

21 SEM and EDS-measurement of an aluminium oxide layer on the surface of an aluminium lid heated up to 900 C Selected Area 1 Selected Area 2 EDS Spot 1 5. What happens with iron and aluminium in MSW-incineration? 21/26

22 SEM and EDS-measurement of an aluminium oxide layer on the surface of an aluminium lid heated up to 900 C Selected Area 1 5. What happens with iron and aluminium in MSW-incineration? 22/26

23 Burning of a fish tin at high temperature Holz auf rotglühender Oberfläche rund 850 C; Gasphase im Flammenbereich rund C Fisch-Dose: Gewicht Gewicht bez. auf "aus Spülmasch." [g] [%] Volle Dose ,6% angegebene Einwaage ,6% theoretisches "Metallgewicht" ,0% einfach entleert gut entleert ,2% sauber entleert ,7% "ausgeleckt" aus Spülmaschine, getrocknet ,0% nach Verbrennung 18 94,7% Quelle: R.Warnecke Deike, R. Ebert, D.; Schubert, D.; Ulum, R, Warnecke, R.; Vogell, M.: 12. VDI Fachkonferenz Feuerung und Kessel, Köln, What happens with iron and aluminium in MSW-incineration? 23/26

24 Metal content of a fine fraction of MSW bottom ash Deike, R. Ebert, D.; Schubert, D.; Ulum, R, Warnecke, R.; Vogell, M.: 12. VDI Fachkonferenz Feuerung und Kessel, Köln, What happens with iron and aluminium in MSW-incineration? 24/26

25 Three dimensional microscopic photographs of different fractions after a magnetic separation 5. What happens with iron and aluminium in MSW-incineration? 25/26

26 Summary Our world is in a global structural change and metals prices are very volatile and determined by Chinese demand. More recycling is necessary but must be profitable. In the fine fraction of MSW-bottom ash the copper content is as high as in poor copper ores, iron is totally oxidised, aluminium is protected by a very thin layer of aluminium oxide The recovery of metals is only economical, if the remaining mineral phase has not to be landfilled. 6.Summary 26/26