The Heritage of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony/Germany

Größe: px

Ab Seite anzeigen:

Download "The Heritage of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony/Germany"

Hertha Walter
vor 6 Jahren
Abrufe

1 The Heritage of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony/Germany International Scientific Symposium The Industrial Heritage of Ptolemaida as a lever for sustainable development: The case of LIPTOL Ptolemaida/Greece, March 2017 Prof. Dr. phil. habil. Helmuth Albrecht

2 Historic Brown Coal Mining Districts in Germany Deposits in use Deposits out of use Main historic deposits: 1. Rheinland (3 open pit mines) 2. Westerwald 3. Wetterau 4. Kassel 5. Helmstedt 6. Mitteldeutschland (3 open pit mines) 7. Niederlausitz (4 open pit mines) 8. Oberlausitz (Poland) 9. Malliß 10. Finkenherd 11. Schwandorf 12. Oberbayern 13. Egertalgraben (Czech Republic) 2

Brown Coal Mining Districts in Germany today (2015) Helmstedt-District 1,8 million tons/year 2,9 TWh / 390 MW Rheinland-District 93,6 million tons/year 77,5 TWh / 11.

3 Brown Coal Mining Districts in Germany today (2015) Helmstedt-District 1,8 million tons/year 2,9 TWh / 390 MW Rheinland-District 93,6 million tons/year 77,5 TWh / MW 3 open pit mines Lausitz-District 61,8 million tons/year 55,2 TWh / MW 4 open pit mines Middle German-District 20,9 million tons/year 20,2 TWh / MW 3 open pit mines Overall capacity of deposits: 77 billion tons, deposits in use: 4,4 billion tons, annual coal production: 178 million tons, annual production of electricity: 155,8 TWh, capacity of power plants: MW 3

4 Brown Coal Mining Districts in Saxony 2 B 1 A 3 1. Leipzig-Halle Saxony+Sachsen-Anhalt 2. Niederlausitz Saxony+Brandenburg 3. Oberlausitz Saxony+Poland A B Power Plant Lippendorf Power Plant Boxberg 4

5 Brown Coal Mining Districts in East Germany 2 Lausitz brown coal mining district 1 Middle German brown coal mining district 5

6 Brown Coal Mining Districts in Saxony: Leipzig-Borna City of Leipzig Open pit mine Profen Power plant Lippendorf Open pit mine Vereinigtes Schleenhain 6

7 Brown Coal Mining District in Saxony: Leipzig-Borna History 1704 First discovery of brown coal mining started with small mines 1854 First incorporated enterprise 1864 First stock corporation 1870 Deep mining became dominant 1884 First briquette plant 1889 First miners settlement 1892 First larger open pit mine 1898 First overburden excavator 1912 Open pit mining became dominant 1920 First bucket-wheel excavator 1921 First large open pit 1924 First conveyor bridge 1927 Power plant Böhlen (largest worldwide) 1935 First Lurgi-smoulder plant 1942 Power plant Espenhain 1950 Start of landscape redevelopment 1966 First open pit with belt transportation 1990 Closing of most briquetting plants 1994 Foundation of the restoration company for the middle German mining district 7

Brown Coal Mining District in Saxony: Leipzig-Borna Open pit mine Vereinigtes Schleenhain 13 open pit mines (operation time) Borna-Ost/Bockwitz (1960-1992) Borna-West (1910-1970) Cospuden (1981-1991)

8 Brown Coal Mining District in Saxony: Leipzig-Borna Open pit mine Vereinigtes Schleenhain 13 open pit mines (operation time) Borna-Ost/Bockwitz ( ) Borna-West ( ) Cospuden ( ) Deutzen ( ) Espenhain ( ) Groitzscher Dreieck ( ) Haselbach ( ) Peres ( ) Profen (1941 until 2035) Schleehain ( ) Vereinigtes Schleenhain (1949 until 2040) Witnitz ( ) Zwenkau ( ) 8

9 Open Pit Mines in Saxony: Vereinigtes Schleenhain Annual coal capacity: 9-11 million tons Annual waste capacity: million tons Annual water pumping: million m 3 16 devastated municipalities (since 1949) 9

10 Brown Coal Power Plants in Saxony: Lippendorf 1926 First power plant at Böhlen 1965 Old power plant Lippendorf (4 x 100 MW el ) 1999 New power plant Lippendorf (2 x 933,6 MW el ) 10

11 Brown Coal Mining Districts in Saxony: Niederlausitz Open pit mine Jänschwalde Open pit mine Welzow-Süd Open pit mine Nochten Power plant Lippendorf Open pit mine Reichwalde 11

Brown Coal Mining District in Saxony: Niederlausitz History (Saxony, Brandenburg) 1789 Discovery of the first brown coal deposits 1815

chain dredger 1900 Around 60 briquetting plants 1906 Open pit mine Marga 1907 Garden town Marga (miners settlement, built until 1915)

1918 Briquetting plant Werminghoff (until 1993) 1924 First waist conveyor bridge 1926 Power plant Plessa (until 1992) 1934 Open pit

12 Brown Coal Mining District in Saxony: Niederlausitz History (Saxony, Brandenburg) 1789 Discovery of the first brown coal deposits 1815 First underground mine (failure) 1851 First mines opened 1872 First briquetting plant 1894 First public power plants 1898 First waist chain dredger 1900 Around 60 briquetting plants 1906 Open pit mine Marga 1907 Garden town Marga (miners settlement, built until 1915) 1908 Briquetting plant Marga I (until 1991) 1912 Briquetting plant Marga II (until 1992) 1913 Open pit mine Werminghoff I (until 1945) 1918 Briquetting plant Werminghoff (until 1993) 1924 First waist conveyor bridge 1926 Power plant Plessa (until 1992) 1934 Open pit mine Werminghoff II (until 1960) 1950 Open pit mine Werminghoff III (until 1968) 1958 BHT-Plant Lauchhammer (high temperature briquetting) 12

Brown Coal Mining Districts in Saxony: Niederlausitz 30 open pit mines (operation time) Bärwalde (1973 1992) Bluno (1955 1978) Burghammer (1959 1973) Cottbus-Nord (1978 2015) Dreiweibern (1981 1989)

13 Brown Coal Mining Districts in Saxony: Niederlausitz 30 open pit mines (operation time) Bärwalde ( ) Bluno ( ) Burghammer ( ) Cottbus-Nord ( ) Dreiweibern ( ) Gräbendorf ( ) Greifenhain ( ) Jänschwalde (1974 until 2041) Kleinleipisch ( ) Klettwitz ( ) Klettwitz-Nord ( ) Koschen ( ) Laubusch/Grube Erika ( ) Lohsa ( ) Meuro ( ) Niemtsch ( ) Nochten (1968 until 2045) Reichwalde (1985 until 2045) Scheibe ( ) Schlabendorf-Süd ( ) Schlabendorf-Nord ( ) Sedlitz ( ) Seese-Ost ( ) Seese-West ( ) Skado ( ) Spreetal/Tagebau Hoffnung III bzw. Brigitta ( ) Spreetal-Nordost ( ) Welzow-Süd (1962 until 2040) Werminghoff I ( ) Werminghoff II/Tagebau Glückauf II ( ) 13

14 Open Pit Mines in Saxony: Nochten Annual coal capacity: 19 million tons 14

15 Open Pit Mines in Saxony: Reichwalde Annual coal capacity: 12 million tons 15

520 MW el 2000 Plant IV (900 MW el ) 2012 Block

16 Brown Coal Power Plants in Saxony: Boxberg 1966 First power plant Boxberg 1980 Upgrading to MW el 2000 Plant IV (900 MW el ) 2012 Block R (675 MW el ) Old power plant ( closed) 16

Brown Coal Mining Districts in Saxony: Oberlausitz Berzdorfer Lake (former open pit mine) Berzdorf mining district 1835 Underground mining at Berzdorf 1919 Open pit mining at Berzdorf 1927 Flooding

17 Brown Coal Mining Districts in Saxony: Oberlausitz Berzdorfer Lake (former open pit mine) Berzdorf mining district 1835 Underground mining at Berzdorf 1919 Open pit mining at Berzdorf 1927 Flooding of the Berzdorf open pit 1946 Reactivating of the Berzdorf open pit mine 1997 Closing of the Berzdorf open pit mine 2002 Again flooding of the Berzdorf open pit Historic Power Plant Hirschfelde Power Plant Turów (Poland) Open pit mine Turów (Poland) Hirschfelde Power Plant 1911 Power Plant Hirschfelde I (3.200 KW) 1918 Hirschfelde II 1925 Hirschfelde I and II (110 MW) 1937 Hirschfelde I and II (156 MW) 1942 Start of the extension of Hirschfelde II 1950 Supply of coal by open pit mine Turów in Poland (until 1968) 1960 Hirschfelde II (330 MW) 1992 Closing Hirschfelde II monument protection museum 17

18 Monuments of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony: Flooded former open pit mines Leipzig-Borna mining district Cospuden (321 ha) Witznitz (1.875 ha) Zwenkau (970 ha) Oberlausitz mining district Berzdorf (679 ha) Olbersdorf (60 ha) Niederlausitz mining district Bärwalde (311 ha) Bluno (630 ha) Burghammer (904 ha) Dreiweibern/Lohsa (3.585 ha) Koschen (905 ha) Scheibe (725 ha) Spreetal (3.452 ha) Werminghoff I (138 ha) 18

19 Monuments of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony: Flooded former open pit mines Leipziger New Lake District (23 lakes) 19

20 Monuments of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony: Flooded former open pit mines Lausitzer Lake District (7.000 ha) IBA Project 11: Swimming Houses 20

21 Monuments of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony: Buildings and technical structures Power plants 21

22 Monuments of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony: Buildings and technical structures Briquetting plants 22

23 Monuments of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony: Buildings and technical structures Smoulder plant Bio-towers of a coking plant Railways 23

24 Monuments of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony: Buildings and technical structures Excavator Bucket excavator Tool and gear wagon Conveyor Bridge Stacker 24

25 Middle German Route of Brown Coal Ferropolis (open cast pit Golpa-North Great Goitsche lake ROMONTA refinement Cosbuden lake Mining landscape Dehlitzsch Geiseltal Lake Markkleeberg and Störmthal lake Open cast pit Profen Zwenkau lake Open cast pit Schlehenhain Mining waste tip Trages Briquetting plant Zeitz Power station Lippendorf Coal railway Meuselwitz Nature reserve open cast pit Bockwitz 25

26 FERROPOLIS The City of Iron Open air museum of large brown coal mining machinery at the former open mine pit Golpa-Nord founded in

27 Mining-Technology-Park at Leipzig New Lake District Public association founded in 2002 (area of 5,4 ha) 27

IBA International Building Exhibition Fürst-Pückler-Land (2000 2010) 25

28 IBA International Building Exhibition Fürst-Pückler-Land ( ) 25 projects for the redevelopment of a former brown coal mining landscape 28

29 IBA International Building Exhibition Fürst-Pückler-Land ( ) 25 projects for the redevelopment of a former brown coal mining landscape IBA Visitors Centre Großräschen Power Plant Plessa Bio-Towers Lauchhammer Conveyor Bridge F 60 Energy Factory Knappenrode (briquetting plant) 29

30 Industrial Archaeology Projects of the IWTG (TU Freiberg) in the Saxon Brown Coal Regions Documentation of the building and machinery of the Power Plant Hirschfelde (2015) Documentation of the compactors of the Energy Factory Knappenrode (2016) 30

31 Challenges, achievements and problems of the redevelopment of the former brown coal mining landscape in East Germany Organisation National level: Ministry of Economics + Ministry of Environment State level: Saxony, Thuringia, Sachsen-Anhalt, Brandenburg Local level: Active mining companies (2), LMBV (redevelopment company) Financing Old GDR mining areas: LMBV area of ha, = 10,67 billion Active mining areas (till 2050): Mining companies Achievements Ecological and economic redevelopment of two large former mining areas (1992 ff.) Development of two attractive tourist areas Preservation of important technological and industrial heritage (partly) Problems Ecological: Water management, water quality, pollution, stability Economic (Lausitz): Deindustrialisation, migration, ageing Heritage: Financing, political interest 31

32 Thank you very much for your attention 32

Ähnliche Dokumente

City West between Modern Age and History: How Does the Balancing Act. between Traditional Retail Structures and International

City West between Modern Age and History: How Does the Balancing Act between Traditional Retail Structures and International Competition Work? Agenda 1. Basic Data about City West 2. Kurfürstendamm 3.