ISS. Monitoring and Mapping of Urban Sprawl: Sealed Areas in Rhenania-Palatinate. P. Fischer-Stabel

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Peter Böhmer
vor 6 Jahren
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ISS Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und

Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld Informatics Department P.O.B. 1380, D 55761 Birkenfeld p.

1 ISS Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Monitoring and Mapping of Urban Sprawl: Sealed Areas in Rhenania-Palatinate P. Fischer-Stabel University of Applied Sciences Trier Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld Informatics Department P.O.B. 1380, D Birkenfeld p.fischer@umwelt-campus.de Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 1

2 Motivation actually 12,6 % of the landscape in Germany is dedicated to settlements and traffic ( ; National Stat. Survey) Dimension of new built-up areas in Germany: ~ 120 ha/day National plan: reduction down to 30 ha/day (2020) New built-up areas in Rhenania-Palatinate: m 2 /day (Statistical Survey Bad Ems, 2002) But: only 40-60% of the areas mentioned above are definitely sealed soils (Bodenschutzprogramm Bayern 1991; Statistische Berichte 2002) There is a lack in valid information regarding quality, quantity and local distribution of the sealed soils Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 2

3 Relevance of sealed area information Sealed areas are regions where the natural soil is covered by buildings, roads, concrete, etc. so there is no water infiltration possible anymore... deliver base data for the organisation of an intelligent occupation of the landscape / soils, e.g. Questions regarding tolerable rise in settlement density parameter for the management of urbanized regions regarding further develoment deliver base information to environmental modeling, regarding Flood risk management Acquifer regeneration Urbanisation processes Protection of rare soil types... Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 3

4 Objectives of the work Development of a method to quantify the sealed areas in the state of Rhenania Palatinate (test case: River Rhine Valley) Satisfaction of user requirements Repeatable analysis (High data availability over space and time) Scale of the resulting thematic map about 1: automated analysis should be possible Low (better: no) costs for data acquisition; focus on use of GeoData available in different archives of the federal government Public access to the information (Directive 2003/4/EC on public access to environmental information) Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 4

5 Region of Interest Source: CORINE Landuse Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 5

6 Methods to quantify sealed areas Terrestrial methods Land survey (e.g. landscape planning) Interviews (e.g. waste water management) Earth Observation-based methods Orthophotos (on-screen-digitizing) CIR-aerial photos airborne Scanners (e.g. HRSC) spaceborne Sensors Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 6

7 Potential of satellite Earth Observation Data Advantages Low cost data: factor up to 4 with conventional methods. digital data, automated processing capabilities 3D information, frequent update of large regions, independent from administrative borders, objectivity and homogeneity of the data Disadvantages Often lack in geographical precision Very high resolution data with limited capacity in automated operational analysis Mixed signals Shadowing effects... Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 7

Calculation of the vegetation index via ratioing of red/infrared

8 Key parameter in EO-data processing: Vegetation Index Assumption: vegetated areas are in general complementary to sealed areas Calculation of the vegetation index via ratioing of red/infrared band Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 8

Components are object-based digital landscape models (DLM) and digital topographic maps with a high positional- (horizontal +/- 3 m, vertical

9 Potential of GeoData available: ATKIS ATKIS (Authoritative Topographic-Cartographic Information System) is developed by the surveying authorities of the states of the federal republic of Germany (AdV). Components are object-based digital landscape models (DLM) and digital topographic maps with a high positional- (horizontal +/- 3 m, vertical +/- 0,5m) and semantic accuracy. The coverage is nationwide with an update cycle of 5 years. IKONOS-PAN (1m resolution) Overlayed with ATKIS landuse Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 9

10 ATKIS Object-Model Usage of ATKIS Objektmodel to define areas where we expect sealed soils (sealing masks) Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 10

Potential of GeoData: cadastral information (ALKIS) Availability of a digital cadastral information system (ALKIS) High geometric accuracy ( < 5 cm) But.

11 Potential of GeoData: cadastral information (ALKIS) Availability of a digital cadastral information system (ALKIS) High geometric accuracy ( < 5 cm) But... Database not up-to-date Partially incomplete (e.g. missing of newly created buildings) Lack in relevant information regarding sealed areas (e.g. sealed parking lots) because of a reduction of the object-types to be monitored (reduction of the OBAK-LiKa-RP) Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 11

12 Fusion of EO- & GeoData... will reduce misclassifications of EO-Data... is able to update the GeoData available Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 12

13 Multisource Sealed Area Detection ATKIS Mask (SUV) ALK Mask (sealed) Overlay Traffic net (sealed) Resulting areas with need in EO-Data analysis Maximum use of sealed information available in GeoDatabase EO data analysis limited to ATKIS masks (encircling sealing activities) with exeption of the available building vectors (cadastral information) and the traffic net (accurate sealing info available) Reduction of possible misclassifications in EO data processing (sensitive feature extraction) Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 13

14 Integrated Analysis Processing Chain Sensor- Selection Pre-Processing EO - Data Transformations Calculation of Vegetation Index Selections of ROIs with Sealed Soils Earth Observation Enhancement Georeferencing Resampling NDVI ATKIS- Masks Clipping ALK & Traffic Net Classification Statistics Map Production Rasterisation of Vector Data Sealed - Classes (masked Areas) Statistical Analysis Error Estimation Thematic Maps Internet MapServer Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 14

15 Ex.: NDVI combined with Settlement Mask SPOT-5 NDVI NDVI and ATKIS settlement mask Remark: very restrictive landuse policy in Germany; settlements only in areas dedicated to settlement acivities Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 15

16 Classified NDVI with ALKIS buildings Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 16

Results: Some Statistics actually (31.12.

17 Results: Some Statistics actually ( ), 13,6 % of the landscape of Rhenania-Palatinate are dedicated to settlement and traffic infrastructure Occupation of soil by settlement and traffic Rhenenia-Palatinate % of this areas were sealed (= 4,9 % of the total landscape) significant regional variations e.g. river Rhine valley: 8,2% sealed Communal level: variation between 3,3% (e.g. Gabsheim, Egelstadt) and 33,9 % (Ludwigshafen) e.g. city of Landau: 65,5% of areas dedicated to settlements are sealed Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 17

18 Conclusions and Outlook Conclusions: Good reproductability/repeatability of the results High spatial resolution High data availability in federal administration Low percentage of misclassifications (4% compared with ground trouth data)... but: difficulties to get high quality high resolution EO-data on demand Processing chain not fully automised Future work Improvement of automatised processing Implementation of a data service Promote the usage of the data!! Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung Folie 18

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