Fuel staging in biomass heating systems A primary measure to reduce NOx emissions

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1 Engineering Conferences International ECI Digital Archives BioEnergy IV: Innovations in Biomass Conversion for Heat, Power, Fuels and Chemicals Proceedings Spring Fuel staging in biomass heating systems A primary measure to reduce NOx emissions Martin Meiller Fraunhofer UMSICHT Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Chemical Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Martin Meiller, "Fuel staging in biomass heating systems A primary measure to reduce NOx emissions" in "BioEnergy IV: Innovations in Biomass Conversion for Heat, Power, Fuels and Chemicals", Manuel Garcia-Perez,Washington State University, USA Dietrich Meier, Thünen Institute of Wood Research, Germany Raffaella Ocone, Heriot-Watt University, United Kingdom Paul de Wild, Biomass & Energy Efficiency, ECN, The Netherlands Eds, ECI Symposium Series, (2013). bioenergy_iv/24 This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the Proceedings at ECI Digital Archives. It has been accepted for inclusion in BioEnergy IV: Innovations in Biomass Conversion for Heat, Power, Fuels and Chemicals by an authorized administrator of ECI Digital Archives. For more information, please contact franco@bepress.com.

2 BioEnergy IV 11 June 2013 Otranto, Italy FUEL STAGING IN BIOMASS HEATING SYSTEMS A PRIMARY MEASURE TO REDUCE NO X -EMISSIONS Martin Meiller Fraunhofer UMSICHT Folie 1

3 OUTLINE 1. Motivation 2. Formation of NO X 3. Fuel staging 4. Experimental setup 5. Results 6. Summary and Outlook Fraunhofer

4 Biogenic residues 1. Motivation Use of biogenic residues Rape seed cake Mio. Mg/a Garden and park waste Mio. Mg/a Straw Mio. Mg/a Hay Mio. Mg/a Sustainability restrictions Waste from breweries Mio. Mg/a References: 1 Weiß et al., 2010 ²Destatis 2010 ³Zeller et al., 2011; 4 Simon et al., 2008; 5 Bischofsberger, 2005 Folie 3

5 Biogenic residues 1. Motivation Use of biogenic residues Rape seed cake Mio. Mg/a Garden and park waste Mio. Mg/a Straw Mio. Mg/a Hay Mio. Mg/a Sustainability restrictions Waste from breweries Mio. Mg/a References: 1 Weiß et al., 2010 ²Destatis 2010 ³Zeller et al., 2011; 4 Simon et al., 2008; 5 Bischofsberger, 2005 Folie 4

6 1. Motivation Nitrogen content Spruce wood Rye straw Rape seed cake Draff 10 cm 10 cm 10 cm 10 cm Spruce wood Folie 5

7 2. Formation of NO X Fuel NO X NO Fuel-N HCN NH i Zeldovichmechanism N 2 Prompt NO + CH i Quelle: 7 Koger S., 2009 Folie 6

8 2. Formation of NO X NO-recycle mechanism NO Fuel-N HCN NH i Quelle: 7 Koger S., 2009 Folie 7

9 2. Formation of NO X NO-recycle mechanism NO-recycle mechanism + CH i NO Fuel-N HCN NH i Quelle: 7 Koger S., 2009 Folie 8

10 2. Formation of NO X NO-recycle mechanism NO-recycle mechanism + CH i NO Fuel-N HCN NH i N 2 Quelle: 7 Koger S., 2009 Folie 9

11 Concentration of nitrogen oxides 3. Fuel staging Concept Fuel staging Secondary fuel Secondary air Primary air Primary fuel λ > 1 Primary zone λ < 1 λ > 1 Reduction zone Burnout zone Reference: 8 Joos F., 2006 Folie 10

12 4. Experimental setup Pilot plant Furnace in pilot plant station of combustion Folie 11

13 4. Experimental setup Pilot plant Dosing unit for gaseous secondary fuel Folie 12

14 4. Experimental setup System design Reference: 9 R. Salzmann, 2001 Folie 13

15 4. Experimental setup Measurement technology and process monitoring Emission measurement CO, NO, NO 2, HCl, SO 2 NH 3, CO 2, H 2 O O 2 C n H m Dust (VDI 2066) Process parameter Temperature Pressure Performance Volume flow Folie 14

16 4. Experimental setup Fuels Primary fuels Rape seed cake (RPK) Additive Pellets Wood Mill by-products RPK 100% RPK + additive Wood RPK pur (Referenz) RPK + 6 % CaO Holz Secondary fuel Natural gas type H 25% RPK +Additiv / 75 % Holz 50% RPK +Additiv / 50 % Holz 75% RPK +Additiv / 25 % Holz 25% RPK + additive/ 75% wood 50% RPK + additive/ 50% wood 75% RPK + additive/ 25% wood Folie 15

17 5. Results Overview Ø P RPK = 84.3 kw; Ø T Furnace = 983 C; N-content = 4.38 % Folie 16

18 5. Results Reburn-Fuel-Rate Folie 17

19 5. Results Model Forecast NO X NO X from fuel nitrogen content Test serie s Input Nitrogen content y = 321,47x 0,3794 Output NO X concentration Folie 18

20 5. Results Model Forecast NO X NO X from fuel nitrogen content Forecast NO X Reduction ΔNO X depending on RFR Test serie s Input Nitrogen content y = 321,47x 0,3794 Output NO X concentration Input RFR y = NO X,0-6,716 x Output ΔNO X Folie 19

21 5. Results Model Forecast NO X NO X from fuel nitrogen content Forecast NO X Reduction ΔNO X depending on RFR Test serie s Input Nitrogen content y = 321,47x 0,3794 Output NO X concentration Input RFR y = NO X,0-6,716 x Output ΔNO X Input Nitrogen content Emission target Output RFR Model for fuel staging Folie 20

22 6. Summary and outlook Summary Potential of biogenic residues Need for low NO X -combustion systems Primary measures Concept successfully tested Reduction rates by approximately 50% possible Folie 21

23 6. Summary and outlook Outlook Fluidic optimization Variation of the primary and secondary fuel Database for fuel staging model Detailed study of low-load operation Transfer of the plant in demonstration phase Folie 22

24 FRAUNHOFER UMSICHT Fuel Staging In Biomass Heating Systems - A Primary Measure To Reduce NO X -Emissions Thank you for your kind attention Contact Fraunhofer UMSICHT Fraunhofer-Instituts für Umwelt-, Sicherheitsund Energietechnik UMSICHT Instite Branch Sulzbach-Rosenberg An der Maxhütte 1 D Sulzbach-Rosenberg / Germany Martin Meiller info-suro@umsicht.fraunhofer.de Tel.: Internet: martin.meiller@umsicht.fraunhofer.de Folie 23

25 References [1] Weiß J., Schöne F.:»Rapskuchen in der Schweinefütterung«, 2010 [2] Statistisches Bundesamt, Abfallentsorgung Fachserie 19, Reihe , Wiesbaden 2010 [3] Zeller et al.:»basisinformationen für eine nachhaltige Nutzung landwirtschaftlicher Reststoffe zur Bioenergiebereitstellung«Schriftenreihe des BMU-Förderprogramms Energetische Biomassenutzung, Leipzig, 2011 [4] Simon, R., Christ, A., Deutsch, M. et al.:»untersuchung von Biomasse- und Altholz(heiz)kraftwerken im Leistungsbereich 5 bis 20 MWel zur Erhöhung der Wirtschaftlichkeit«, Abschlussbericht Phase 1, Bingen, Juni 2008; [5] Bischofsberger,»Anearobtechnik«, 2005 [6] Lahmann E.,»Luftverunreinigung - Luftreinhaltung«Hamburg, Paul Parey, 1990 [7] Koger S.:»Reaktionskinetische Untersuchungen zur Umwandlung stickstoffhaltiger Gaskomponenten unter Bedingungen der Abfallverbrennung«, Karlsruhe, 2009 [8] Joos F.:»Technische Verbrennung Verbrennungstechnik, Verbrennungsmodellierung, Emissionen«Heidelberg, 2006 [9] R. Salzmann: Fuel Staging for NO X Reduction in Biomass Combustion: Experiments and Modeling, Energy and Fuels 15, 2001, Folie 24

26 References Pictures Folie 25