GL Your competitive edge

Transkript

1 Technical opportunities to reduce emissions from shipping Torsten Mundt, Head of Group Environmental Services, Strategic Research and Development GL Your competitive edge GL Your competitive edge Take the lead through innovation Take the lead through innovation

2 Content CONTENT some background on Emissions from ships Emission substances methods to combat against emission substances conclusions Technische Möglichkeiten zur Emissionsreduktion No. 2

3 principal emissions from ships Emissions into Air CO 2, NO x, SO x, PM Ozone-depleting substances VOCs (Tanker) Bilge water / oil Waste water Garbage Antifouling Ballast water Emissions into Sea Technische Möglichkeiten zur Emissionsreduktion No. 3

4 Emissions to Air from Internal Combustion Engines Combustion of Diesel Oil in an Internal Combustion Engine results in production of the following pollutants: Nitrogen Oxide (NO x ) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Hydrocarbons (HC) Sulphur Oxides (SO x ) Particulate Matter (PM) Technische Möglichkeiten zur Emissionsreduktion No. 4

5 Technical principles to reduce Emissions Methods for the reduction of pollutant emissions from Marine Diesel engines: pre combustion fuel-/charge air treatment Primary engine internal measures Secondary exhaust gas after treatment alternative fuels (switch of combustion process) Technische Möglichkeiten zur Emissionsreduktion No. 5

6 Emission substances and reduction opportunities NO x engine internal (injection timing, Miller timing, two stage turbo charging,...) wet technologies (emulsion, direct water, HAM) after treatment via SCR (restricted sulphur content) 1 SO x niedrig solely depending on sulphur fuel content Motoroptimierung x X Kraftstoffverbrauch use of sulphur reduced fuel necessary after treatment via scrubbing (dry / wet -closed and open loop technology -) PM amount depending on several circumstances (Sulphur, operating condition, load...) no after treatment possible / available for international shipping (HFO) HC s, CO (because auf Diesel process few emissions and fulfills requirements) Technische Möglichkeiten zur Emissionsreduktion No. 6 hoch NO x Bereich üblicher Auslegungen Eff. Kraftstoffverbrauch CO2 CO, Partikel, Kohlenwasserstoffe NOx-Emissionen

7 NO x reduction opportunities (1/2) Wet technologies Water to be introduced: direct via charge air Fuel via fuel Air Exhaust gas Dry Com. Humid Com. Water Technische Möglichkeiten zur Emissionsreduktion No. 7

8 NO x reduction opportunities (2/2) Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR): Technische Möglichkeiten zur Emissionsreduktion No. 8

9 Effectiveness of NO x reduction opportunities Potential of NO x reduction technologies (Source: MAN Diesel SE) Tier II + Tier III global Tier III ECA Technische Möglichkeiten zur Emissionsreduktion No. 9

10 SO x and reduction opportunities (1/2) Wet scrubber system (closed loop) on MV Suula Source: Wärtsilä Technische Möglichkeiten zur Emissionsreduktion No. 10

11 SO x and reduction opportunities (2/2) Dry scrubber system on MV Timbus Source: Couple Systems Technische Möglichkeiten zur Emissionsreduktion No. 11

12 basics on PM emissions PM is a mixture of solid and liquid material carbon particles hydrocarbons inorganic matter causing considerable health damage Influencing factors (among others) are: Sulphur content of the fuel Air to Fuel ratio Turbulence Injection Pressure in Diesel Engines Maintenance condition of the injection and air supply equipment Technische Möglichkeiten zur Emissionsreduktion No. 12

13 Effects of Sulphur Content on Particulate Matter (PM) 2,5 2,0 Particulate Matter of a 2-stroke Diesel Engine on a test bed at 100% Load Organic Material (OM) Ash Water associated with Sulphate Elemental Carbon (EC) Sulphate (SO4) PM [g/kwh] 1,5 1,0 0,5 0, Sulphur content of the fuel [% m/m] Technische Möglichkeiten zur Emissionsreduktion No. 13

14 Remarks concerning Technical Safety Mandatory requirements: SOLAS Convention and Class Rules safety is of utmost priority! Safe ship operation means: Protection of the environment New GL Rules 2010, 2.N Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems Technische Möglichkeiten zur Emissionsreduktion No. 14

15 Example concerning Technical Safety Clogging of Catalyst block due to bad urea quality Technische Möglichkeiten zur Emissionsreduktion No. 15

16 Comparison of Emission Reduction Capabilities Internal Measures FWE HAM SCR NO x 20-40% 20-30% 40(-65)% 80-85% Gas Fuelled Engines 85% in Gas Mode CO PM Smoke SO x Others Ammonia slip! CH 4 -slip Technische Möglichkeiten zur Emissionsreduktion No. 16 <16>

17 Conclusion Emission reduction means doing efforts needs investment should be tested and proven (before mandatory required) is not CO 2 - neutral... Emission reduction must be solved under an holistic approach. Maintaining a holistic view on the ship s energy conversion system will lead to efficient and environmentally friendly ship operation. Technische Möglichkeiten zur Emissionsreduktion No. 17

18 Thank you for your kind attention.