Digital Amateur Astronomy

Transkript

1 Digital Amateur Astronomy Sibylle Fröhlich EAS / TVS / WFS 7. Feb

2 Today s digital imaging devices for the amateur astronomer Webcam Digital Camera Digital SLR CCD Digital Video Camcorder 2

3 Imaging Targets Target Wide angle, scenic shots (conjunctions, sunsets, evening colors) Wide angle night time constellation shots, big comets, milkyway Small angle faint object, deep sky objects, faint comets Pixel Resolution High High Medium Req d Sensitivity Low to medium High Very high Entire moon or sun High Low Small feature on moon or sun, planet Low Low to medium 3

4 Imaging Targets an Example Do I need a 6MPixel camera to image Jupiter? Let s take a look: Jupiter s apparent diameter : 40 arcsec Assume 8inch scope. Angular resolution : 0.6 arcsec Assume 3x over sampling yields : 0.2 arcsec per pixel How many pixel cover across Jupiter? : 200 pixel Solution : We don t need a megapixel camera! (for Jupiter) 4

5 How to get the image onto the chip? Lens that comes with the camera Prime focus adapter Afocal projection adapter 5

6 Digital cameras use afocal projection 6

7 Now let s review the different imaging devices and see what we can do with them 7

8 Features: Webcams Low price (<$100) Good sensitivity Allows averaging lots of images No waste of film Digital image processing Color 8

9 Disadvantages : Webcams Wiring at the telescope Power supply,, PC, Camera Big files No long time exposures (cooling!) Medium resolution (640 x 480) 9

10 Webcams Camera / PC features : Webcam with CCD chip (vs. CMOS) Laptop with USB Port Removable camera lens IR block filter! Telescope adapta dapter Free processing software 10

11 Best Objects cts: Planets Webcams Sunspots (detail) Moon on (crater detail) 11

12 Philips Webcam Selection Table homepage.ntlworld.com/molyned/web-cameras.htm 12

13 Digital imaging equipment Best choice for planetary webcam imaging: : Philips ToUCam 740k 13

14 Digital imaging equipment 14

15 Image processing (Registax( Registax) aberrator.astronomy.net/registax/ 15

16 Image processing (Registax( Registax) 16

17 Image processing (Registax( Registax) 17

18 Image processing (Registax( Registax) Stacking of video images and wavelet processing of sum image 18

19 Copernicus Schiller Feb MarM ar Newton f5, 3 x Barlow, ToUCam + IR, 1/100 sec 27 images averaged with Registax 6 images averaged with Registax 19

20 Gassendi Vallis Schröteri Mar , 8 Newton f5, 3 x Barlow, ToUCam + IR, 1/100 sec 5 images averaged with Registax 6 images averaged with Registax 20

21 Plato Feb , 8 Newton f5, 3 x Barlow, ToUCam + IR, 1/100 sec 6 images average with Registax 22

22 Clavius Feb , 8 Newton f5, 3 x Barlow, ToUCam + IR, 1/100 sec 6 images average with Registax 23

23 Sunspot July (by M. (by M.Kiehl,, WFS) 24

24 Sunspot July (by M. (by M.Kiehl,, WFS) 25

25 Sunspot Aug (by M. (by M.Kiehl,, WFS) 26

26 Sunspot Aug (by M. (by M.Kiehl,, WFS) 27

27 Mars Single AVI video frame (left) And processed images (below) 28

28 Jupiter 01:07 UT 01:11 UT 01:26 UT 10. Februar Newton f5, 3 x Barlow, ToUCam + IR, 1/50 sec, 12 images averaged with Giotto 29

29 Jupiter 12. Feb Europa 00:58 UT und 01:27 UT 8 Newton f5, 3 x Barlow, ToUCam + IR, 1/33 sec ca.25 images processed with Registax Io 30

30 Jupiter am 27. Feb :04 UT 8 Newton f5, 3 x Barlow, ToUCam + IR, 1/33 sec ca.25 images processed with Registax 31

31 Jupiter am 2. Mar ~20 images processed with Registax 32

32 Jupiter 3. Mar ~20 images processed with Registax 33

33 Jupiter 4. Mar images processed with Registax 34

34 Jupiter 15. Mar images processed with Registax 35

35 Jupiter Mar , 87, 49 images averaged with Registax 36

36 Saturn ToUCam 1/25 sec 18. Feb. 2003, 21:24UT 22. Feb. 2003, 20:14UT 27 images processed with Registax 22 images processed with Registax 37

37 Registax Demo 38

38 Features: Digital Cameras Good sensitivity High resolution (M-Pixel) Immediate feedback No waste of film Digital image processing Color 39

39 Digital Cameras Disadvantages: Price for advanced models with high resolution and manual features No long time exposures (less than 30sec.) 40

40 Digital Cameras Preferred camera features : Manual function control (exposure, f-f stop, focus, white balance) Remote shutter release (IR, cable) Matching eyepieces Threaded ring to connect adapters A variety of adapter rings 41

41 Digital Cameras Best objects o : Moon (+ eclipses) Sun, (+ eclipses) Planets / Moon conjunctions 42

42 Nikon Coolpix 950 Specifications: 1600 x 1200 pixel resolution 2,11 megapixel total 3 x optical zoom (1,25 x 2,5 x) 7 21 mm f-stop 1:2,6 1:4 Shutter 8 sec 1/500sec (manual al) Shutter or aperture manual, focus manual Manual flash disable 43

43 Nikon Coolpix

44 Nikon Coolpix

45 Nikon Coolpix

46 Canon Powershot G1 Specifications : 2048 x 1536 pixel resolution 3.34 megapixel total 3 x optical zoom 7 21 mm ( mm) f-stop 1:2 1:8 Shutter 8 sec 1/1000sec (manual) Shutter / aperture / focus manual control Manual flash disable 48

47 Canon Powershot G1 49

48 Canon Powershot G1 52

49 Canon Powershot G1 53

50 Canon Powershot G1 54

51 The Winter Moon with Nikon Coolpix At 8 C (!!) = 17,6 F 11. February 2003, 22:07 Nikon CoolPix 1/125 sec, f 4,8 55

52 Nikon Coolpix 950 : Moon 17. May

53 Nikon Coolpix 950 : Moon 17. May

54 Canon Powershot G1 : Moon 24. Oct.01 58

55 Canon Powershot G1 : Moon 22. May 02 59

56 Canon Powershot G1 : Moon 22. May 02 60

57 Nikon Coolpix 950 : Sun July

58 Nikon Coolpix 950 : Sun July

59 Nikon Coolpix 950 : Sun July

60 Nikon Coolpix 950 : Sun Aug

61 Canon Powershot G1 : Sun 65

62 Nikon Coolpix 950 : Planets May Moon,, Saturn, Jupiter 66

63 Nikon Coolpix 950 : Planets June Jupiter, Saturn 67

64 Nikon Coolpix 950 : Planets Dec Moon,, Venus, Mars 68

65 Digital SLR Cameras Features: Good to high sensitivity Very high resolution (M-Pixel) No fixed camera lens Many adv. features Color 69

66 Digital SLR Cameras Disadvantages: Price for advanced models with high resolution and manual features 70

67 Digital SLR Cameras Preferred camera features : Manual function control (exposure, f-f stop, focus, white balance) Noise reduction (dark field, digital processing in camera) Remote shutter release (IR, cable) A variety of adapter rings 71

68 Digital SLR Cameras Best objects o : Moon (+ eclipses) Sun, (+ eclipses) Planets / Moon conjunctions Deep Sky with some models 72

69 Canon 10D 73

70 Features: CCD Cameras Very high sensitivity Medium to high resolution No fixed camera lens Image like the Pros! 74

71 Disadvantages: CCD Cameras Price very high Can t t be used for anything else 75

72 CCD Cameras Best objects o : Deep Sky faint objects Medium size objects for mid range priced cameras Large objects for Megapixel models 76

73 Starlight MX716 77

74 Starlight MX716 (LRGB) 78

75 ST10MXE (Kitt( Peak) 79

76 Digital Video Camcorders Features: It s s a movie! Medium sensitivity Medium resolution fixed camera lens Many adv. features Color 80

77 Digital Video Camcorders Disadvantages: Price for advanced models with high resolution and manual features High demands on computer processing 81

78 Digital Video Camcorders Preferred camera features : Manual function control (exposure, f-f stop, focus, white balance) Noise reduction (dark field, digital processing in camera) Remote shutter release (IR, cable) A variety of adapter rings 82

79 Digital Video Camcorders Best objects o : Moon (+ eclipses) Sun, (+ eclipses) Anything that moves (occultations( occultations, transits) 83

80 Panasonic NV-GS3EG 84

81 Panasonic NV-GS3EG 85

82 Panasonic NV-GS3EG 86

83 Adobe Premiere Video Editing 87

84 Video Demo 88

85 Thank You! 89

86 AG Astrofotografie der Wilhelm Foerster Sternwarte e.v. 90