ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR ENTOMOLOGIE

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1 Bntomojauna ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR ENTOMOLOGIE Band 12, Heft 13: ISSN Ansfelden, 1. August 1991 A new species of Bracteodes attacking Apis cerana Fabricius 1793 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae) Lanshao You & Zhihong Zhou Abstract Bracteodes ceranae sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae) reared from Apis cerana FABRICIUS, 1793, (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in China is described and illustrated. This is the first host record for the genus Bracteodes DE SAEGER, Zusammenfassung Bracteodes ceranae sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae), die aus Apis cerana FABRICIUS.1793, (Hymenoptera, Apidae) aus China gezüchtet wurde, wird beschrieben und abgebildet. Dies ist der erste Wirtsnachweis für die Gattung Bracteodes DE SAEGER, Bracteodes DE SAEGER, 1946, is a poorly collected and studied genus. The most comprehensive summary to date is DE SAEGER'S (1946) original description and SHAW'S (1985) phylogenetic analysis. Only two Bracteodes species are recorded, one from the Ethiopian region and another undescribed species from Mexico and Southern Arizona (SHAW 1985). The present study describes a new species from China reared from Apis cerana FABRICIUS. The holotype and the paratypes are 157

2 deposited in the Hunan Agricultural College, Changsha, Hunan Province, China. The first aulhor is the authority of the new species. Genus Bracteodes DE SAEGER, 1946 Bracteodes DE SAEGER, Explor. Parc Natn. Albert. Miss. G. F. DE WITTE 50: 189. Type species: Bracteodes wittei DE SAEGER, SHAW 1985, Entomography 3:311. Bracteodes is distinguished from other braconid genera by the combination of cleft tarsal and compressed metasoma. Key to species of Bracteodes DE SAEGER, 1946 Antenna 31-segmented; fore wing with two fuscous bands, Stigma 2.2 times as long as wide with rl issuing from centre; nervulus interstitial; petiole 6.3 times as long as apical widih, almost as wide at apex as at spiraclcs. Bracteodes ceranae sp. nov. Antenna segmented; fore wing without fuscous bands, Stigma 3.3 times as long as wide with rl issuing from distal half; nervulus postfurcal; petiole 4 times as long as apical width, twice as wide at apex as at spiracles. Bracteodes wittei DE SAEGER, 1946 Bracteodes ceranae sp. nov. (Fig.1-7) Female. Body length 5.4 mm. Head transverse, 2.0 times as wide as long; temple protruding slighüy; vertex smooth; frons smooth, convex near eye, frontal depression deep, median frontal carina extending to median ocellus; POL : ocellus : OOL = 5:2:7 (Fig.l); antenna 31-segmented, shorter than body (Fig.2); face flat, transversely rugulose, 2.4 times as wide as high (26 : 11); intertentorial pit shallow; clypeus smooth, superfically sparsely punctate; episomal suture absent; eye small, 1.43 times as high as long; malar space 3 times basal width of mandible (Fig.3), malar suture distinct; occiput and temple smooth, occipital carina present, weaker dorsally; hypostomal carina present. Mesosoma 1.13 times as long as high; pronotum almost equilateral triangle in lateral view, carinate-rugose, densely rugose dorsally; mesoscutum smooth and shiny, middle lobe of mesoscutum raised above lateral lobes, lateral lobes convex; notauli wide, V-shaped, crenulate; scutellar suture wide, with three longitudinal carinae, anterior margin of scutellar suture weakly; scutellum smooth and shiny, slightly convex; mesopleuron smooth to sparsely punctate (Fig.4), precoxal suture densely punctate, extending to tegula; propodeum coarsely rugose, inclined from posterior, with slightly, posteriorly widened, longitudinal impression. 158

3 Legs: Hind femur 3.8 times as long as wide; hind übia 8.8 times as long as wide; hind tibial spurs subequal, shorter than 0,5 length of basitarsus; tarsal claw cleft (Fig.5). Wings: Stigma 2.2 times as long as wide, 1.2 times longer than radial cell; rl 0.6 times as long as stigmal widlh, issuing from centre of Stigma; nervulus interstitial (Fig.2). Photograph: The longitudinal axis of the füll grown larvae is generally more or less parallel to that of the host. Metasoma compressed, smooth and shiny. Peliole slender, 6.3 times as long as apical width, almost as wide at apcx as at spiracle; spiracle apical 0.43 of petiole (Fig.6). Ovipositor sheath almost as long as hind basitarsus, ovipositor almost as long as hind tbia plus basitarsus (Fig.2). Color: Body yeüow; stemmaticum, mesonotum, metanotum.propodeum, lst-2nd metasomal segments and base of 3rd metasomal segment, and ovipositor sheath black; apex of mandible and scutellar suture light brown to dark brown. Antenna black; scape and pedicel light brown to dark brown. Wings hyaline; veins light brown to dark brown; fore wing with two fuscous bands under basal vein and Stigma; hind wing fuscous around radiella and cubitella. Legs yellow; apical 3/4 of hind übia, segments 1-3 of hind tarsus, and tarsal claws black. 159

4 Male. Body length 4.4 mm; coloraüon darker than female (Fig.7). Cocoon: Solitary, grey white, 5 x 2.6 mm. The cocoon is made of loose silk, waxy fractions, and feces. Holotype: Female, Peoples Republic of China, Renhuai County, Guizhou Province, V.-IX.1988 (leg. Shaogu CHEN). Paratypes: 17 females, 15 males, same as Holotype. Host: Apis cerana FABRICIUS (Apidae). Etymology: Named after the specific name of its host. Remarks: Mated females prefer to oviposit in adult bees less than 10 days old, although all ages of adult bees were found attacked by Bracteodes ceranae sp. nov. Generally, an egg is laid in each host by piercing the ovipositor through the membrane between the second and third abdominal segments, and mostly into the crop or mid-gul As a result, the egg is likely to be evacuated from the gut lumen. The longitudinal axis of the füll grown larva is generally more or less parallel to that of the host (Photograph). After feeding ceases, the füll grown larva moves towards the anus of the host and pupates in a cocoon outside the host body. The host bee usually dies about 20 minutes after the larva emerges. The parasitoid stays in the host about 40 days. The cocoon is generally spun in a crevice in a comer of the hive. The pupal period, from formation of the cocoon till emergence of the adult parasitoid, is 11 to 13 days. The honey bee, Apis mellifera LüMNAEUS, was never found parasitized by Bracteodes ceranae sp. nov. Acknowledgements The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to Mr. Liang-yih CHOU for revising this paper and collecling references. Our work was also helped by Support in form of literature from Drs. J. PAPP and S.R. SHAW. The project was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Fundation of China and Science Fund of Guizhou Province. Mr. CHEN Shaogu provided data on biology. Figures Fig.1-7: Bracteodes ceranae sp. nov. - 1) head, dorsal aspect; 2) dorsal aspect of female; 3) head, frontal aspect; 4) lateral aspect of female; 5) hind claw; 6) lst- 3rd tergites, dorsal aspect; 7) lateral aspect of male. 160

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6 References SAECER, H. de Euphorinae (Hymenoptera Apocrita) Fa. Braconides. - Explor. Parc natn. Albert, Miss, DE Wrrre, 50: SHAW, S.R A phylogenetic study of the subfamilies Metorinae and Euphorinae (Hymenoptera; Braconidae). - Entomography 3: Authors' addresses: Associate-prof. Lansha YOU Insect Secüon Hunan Agricultural College Changsha Hunan Province P.R. China Zhihong ZHOU Plant Protection Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science Nanning, Guangxi P.R. China 162

7 Literaturbesprechung STAEMMLER, G.: Imkerlehre. Einführung und Leitfaden für Imker.- Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, S. Die Imkerei erfreut sich heute einer wachsenden Beliebtheit, dokumentiert durch stetigen Mitgliederzuwachs in den Imkerverbänden und der großen Nachfrage nach Kursen in Bienenhaltung und Imkerlehre. Aufgrund der 15jährigen praktischen Erfahrung des Autors liegt hier ein Buch vor, welches zugleich als Lehrbuch und Leitfaden sowohl dem Anfänger als auch dem fortgeschrittenen Imker dienen soll. Dementsprechend folgt auch der Aufbau praktischen Gesichtspunkten und umfaßt alle Sparten der Imkerei: Ausbildungswege und Erstausstattung, Biologie der Biene, Bienenkrankheiten, Betreuung der Völker und die Erzeugnisse der Bienen. Fotos, Grafiken, Lernziele, Begriffserklärungen und Zusammenfassungen veranschaulichen die jeweiligen Kapitel. Ein Anhang informiert über Gesetze und Verordnungen und teilt wichtige Adressen mit. Dieses Buch erleichtert einerseits die ersten Schritte in der Imkerwelt und bietet andererseits dem Fortgeschrittenen zahlreiche wichtige Tips sowie eine aktuelle Vertiefung seines Wissensstandes. R. GERSTMEIER GARTUNG, W.: Marokko. Oasen sind überall. - Georg Westermann Verlag, Braunschweig, S. Dies ist ein Bild- und Textband von besonderer Art, welcher den Spuren des Afrikaforschers Gerhard ROHLFS folgt. Neben BARTH und NACHTIGALL gehört ROHLFS ZU den bedeutendsten Afrikaforschern des 19. Jahrhunderts. Seine Reisen standen jedoch nicht vorrangig im Dienste der Wissenschaft, sondern entsprangen in erster Linie der Lust am Abenteuer. Über die Erlebnisse während vieler entbehrungsreicher Reisen durch Nordafrika, berichtete er in zwei anschaulichen Büchern, die in diesem Buch in Auszügen abgedruckt sind. Es handelt sich hier also nicht um eine Biographie von ROHLFS, sondern um einen geschickten Extrakt bestimmter Reisebeschreibungen, welche vom Autor Werner GARTUNG nachvollzogen wurden. Neben zeitgenössischen Xylografien (lei der viel zu wenige) bilden die Fotos GARTUNG'S vom "modernen" Marokko einen reizvollen Kontrast. Die Bildtexte, die er zu den Aufnahmen schrieb, zeigen das große Wissen und Verständnis des Autors über die Menschen und Landschaften Nordafrikas. Ein ausgesprochen bibliophiles Buch, das jedem Afrika-Liebhaber uneingeschränkt empfohlen werden kann. R. GERSTMEIER 163

8 Druck, Eigentümer, Herausgeber, Verleger und für den Inhalt verantwortlich: Maximilian Schwarz, Konsilien! für Wissenschaft der O.ö. Landesregierung, Eibenweg 6, A Ansfelden. Redaktion: Erich Diller, Münchhausenstraße 21, D München 60. Max Kühbandner, Marsstraße 8, D Aschheim. Wolfgang Schacht, Scherrerstraße 8, D Schöngeising. Thomas Wiu, Tengstraße 33, D - München 40. Postadresse: Entomofauna, Münchhausensiraße 21, D München