Promoting the grassland diversity of habitats & species in respect of farming

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1 Promoting the grassland diversity of habitats & species in respect of farming examples at the European level Dr. Rainer Oppermann Institute for Agroecology and Biodiversity (IFAB) Presentation in Madrid, , at the Natura 2000 Farmland Management and Biodiversity Conference

2 What is grassland diversity of habitats & species? Almost all kind of extensively managed grassland (mostly species- and flower-rich): - meadows: mostly 1 2 (3) cuts /year - pastures: mostly 1 3 pasturings/ year - only small amounts of or no fertiliser used 2

3 What is grassland diversity of habitats & species? Example Germany in general (not in Natura2000-areas) 95 % 5 % % 5-25 % 0.1-5% 0.1-5% Current state Target Species number plants (25 m 2 ): Extent in extensive regions 70 % 25 % 5 % Extent in intensive regions 95 % <5 % <1 % 3

4 Promotion of grassland diversity appreciation added value - Meadow competitions - PR work, newspapers, etc. - TV, radio - Events, festivals - Public support (AEM) - Buying products - Agrienvironm. measures (AEM) - Tourism - Private partnerships + foundations - Innovative products - Cheese and meat products - Hay and hay products

5 Public appreciation and awareness rising appreciation Getting farmers proud

6 Meadow competitions in Europe Examples of meadow competitions are from Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland

7 Public appreciation: meadow competitions Public competition for farmers looking for species rich and good fodder value meadows or pastures at the same time high ecological value and high fodder value Good balance between ecology and productivity Several work steps: 1. Preparation with different partners 2. Public information of farmers and public 3. Participation and evaluation 4. Jury decision 5. Rewarding the prices / public event 6. Accompanying press release over the whole season

8 Public appreciation and awareness rising To be achieved e.g. by so called Meadow competitions or meadow championships

9 Public appreciation and awareness rising Rewarding the prices to the farmers

10 Public appreciation and awareness rising in France Perfect work on this issue in France, see

11 Copyright map Deutschland politisch 2010 CC BY-SA 3.0, C. Busch, Hamburg - h_2010.png ; Last access 04/09/2014; Financial issue: result-orientated agri-environm. measures added value Example s Germany, Switzerland and France 2000 first programme in Baden-Württemberg for species-rich grassland 2007 further programmes in 4 regions in Germany 2015 additional 3 further regions in Germany and differentiated payments 4, 6 and 8 key species From 2001 also in Switzerland (whole country with regional differentiations) From 2007 also in France (national parks and parcs naturels) 11

12 What is species-rich grassland? Extensive grassland in Baden-Württemberg - 7 types of extensive grassland (meadows and pastures) - all 7 types are covered by an indicator list with 28 species / species groups 12

13 Catalogue of indicator species in Baden-Württemberg The catalogue comprises 28 key species for extensive grassland, - mainly flower species /genera that are easy to identify Programme called MEKA till 2014, and FAKT since 2015 (30 species now) 13

14 Agri-environment measures in Baden-Württemberg First evaluation of MEKA in 1996/1997 concerning support of extensive grassland Discontentment with measure-related support of extensive grassland on the part of the farmers: difficulties with fixed specifications (e.g. number of cuts, in their view partly absurd ) on the part of the ecologists: achievement of conservation aims is not assured, in contrast ecological quality decreases on the part of the administration: difficulties to carry out the controls (e.g. several visits for control of number of cuts) Proposal from NGO-side for a result-based approach in

15 support of species rich grassland result-orientated Procedure for registration in the countryside inspection on an diagonal through the parcel (transect) If there are at least 4 of 30 species in every third of a transect through the whole parcel, the farmer can apply for 230 /ha for 6 key species 260 /ha 15

16 Result-orientated grassland-support Farm management and dealing with new approach Farmers do a self-evaluation of the species richness on the transects There is advice with leaflets and advisors Measure is for continuation of the traditional management of meadows and pastures - Easy to integrate in farm management - No specifications for utilisation and specific dates for cut Management according to weather and growth Autonomy of farmers on location: knowledge, time availability, quality factors 16

17 Evaluation results - species-rich grassland on average 21 % of all grassland - Very species rich grassland with a share of about 8 % - Differentiation for different natural regions: - share of grassland - species composition - etc. 17

18 Further links to the result based grassland support Meadow championships as PR-measure Different meadow championships in Germany since PR-work: newspapers, radio, TV - Jury-decision involving diff. stakeholders Proud winners in public presentation 18

19 Conclusions: Promotion of species rich grassland - farmers are proud on their species-rich grassland - they are payed for the product biodiversity - they keep an eye on diversity of species - they get to know species and the diversity - they see a sense in this kind of support - many farmers can be achieved - the ecological effects are better - monitoring of actual biodiversity - image effect for farmers and government and NGOs - win-win-situation for all participants Important to do both public appreciation and financial rewards 19

20 Thank you very much for your attention More information:

21 Deutscher Name Wissenschaftlicher Name Blütenfarbe Blühzeit Typ W M F R N Margerite Leucanthemum vulgaris weiß ,2, x 3 Bocksbart Tragopogon spec. gelb 5-7 1,2, Witwenblume, Knautie Knautia arvensis blau 5-7 1,2, x 4 Klappertopf Rhinanthus spec. gelb 5-9 2, x 3 Wiesen-Salbei Salvia pratensis blau Glockenblumen Campanula spec. blau 5-9 1,2, x 5 Storchschnabel Geranium spec. blau/lila 5-8 1,2, x 7 Rotklee Trifolium pratense rot 6-9 1, x x Flockenblumen Centaurea spec. blau/lila 6-9 2,3, x 4 Teufelskralle Phyteuma spec. blau/weiß 5-7 3, x 5 Bärwurz Meum athamanticum weiß Tag-Lichtnelke Silene dioica rot 4-9 1, Pippau Crepis biennis, C. mollis gelb 5-8 1, x 5 Kohl-Kratzdistel Cirsium oleraceum weiß/grün 6-9 5, Großer Wiesenknopf Sanguisorba officinalis rot 6-9 5, x 5 Trollblume Trollius europaeus gelb Wiesen-Schaumkraut Cardamine pratensis weiß 4-5 5, x x Sumpf-Dotterblume Caltha palustris gelb x 6 Wiesen-Knöterich Polygonum bistorta rot/rosa 5-7 5, Kuckucks-Lichtnelke Lychnis flos-cuculi rot 5-7 5, x x Bach-Nelkenwurz Geum rivale rot/braun 4-7 5, x 4 Augentrost Euphrasia rostk., -stricta weiß x x 4 Flügel-Ginster Genista sagittalis gelb Blutwurz Potentilla erecta gelb x x 2 Kreuzblumen Polygala spec. blau/lila 5-8 4, x 2 Feld-Thymian Thymus pulegioides purpurrot 5-8 4, x 1 Kleines Habichtskraut Hieracium pilosella gelb , x 2 Milch- und Ferkelkräuter Leont. spec., Hypoch. radic. gelb 6-9 4,7 5/1 5/ Indicator species of the result-orientated supportof extensive grassland in Baden- Württemberg (OPPERMANN & BRIEMLE 2002). Erläuterungen: Blühzeit = Blütemonate (z.b. 4= März); Typ = Zugehörigkeit zu einem der 7 Grünlandtypen; W = Futterwertzahl (nach Klapp et al. 1953); M = Mahdverträglichkeitszahl (nach Briemle & Ellenberg 1994), F = Feuchtezahl, R = Reaktionszahl, N = Nährstoffzahl (nach Ellenberg et al. 1992); x = indifferentes ökologisches Verhalten der Art 21

22 Boniturwerte Bonitierung Bonititur-Kriterien Aus mehreren Bonitur-Einzelwerten wird ein Gesamtwert oder ein Mittelwert gebildet Gesamtboniturwert Gesamtaufnahmen n=107 Wiesenmeisterschaften Wissenschaft und Praxis in im Baden-Württemberg Rahmen von Wiesenmeisterschaften und Frankreich