Copyright for all figures & tables by the authors & cited sources!

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1 Planning for the bicycle Michael MESCHIK University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Department of Landscape, Spatial an Infrastructural Sciences Institute for Transport Studies Copyright for all figures & tables by the authors & cited sources! Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 1 Contents 1 What do cyclists need & want? 2 Guidelines, planning principles, infrastructure Universität für Bodenkultur Wien Department für Raum, Landschaft und Infrastruktur 3 Contraflow cycling in one-way streets 4 Intersections 5 (?) Crossing streets 6 (?) Roundabouts Michael MESCHIK michael.meschik@boku.ac.at University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Department of Landscape, Spatial an Infrastructural Sciences Institute for Transport Studies Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 2

2 Citizens opinion two years after implementation of 30-kph zones in Graz Future measures shall be: INCREASE in APPROVAL Definitely Do not care No Traffic calming Promotion of cycling Promotion of walking Restrictions of car traffic Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 3 Bicycle traffic as a system (R. Monheim) Bicycle traffic as a life style (R. Monheim) Tax deduction for cycled miles Sign-posting Bike routing Bike-friendly city Infrastructure Bicycle stations Reward systems in retail trade Infrastructure Guarded parking Bicycle friendly city rental Guarded parking lockers Garages & service stations, bike-wash Mobile repair service Mobility centre Luggage and delivery service Bicycle couriers Bike lobby groups ADFC, VCÖ etc. (Winter) maintenance Business bikes shower facilities Bike-friendly companies Maintained business bikes Reimbursement of travel costs Selling, leasing, renting, maintenance Bikes on bus & train Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 4

3 I feel safe as a cyclist, when 100% 0% 100% ich auf using einem a Radweg cycle track bin 82% 63% das Verkehrsaufkommen traffic volumes gering are low ist 15% 17% alle Verkehrsteilnehmer all road users acts rücksichtsvoll considerately sind 2% 15% bei einer zulässigen Höchstgeschwindigkeit von max. 30 km/h für dem MIV das Wetter gut ist 1% 6% 8% 8% keine anderen Verkehrsteilnehmer vorhanden sind 6% 7% die Radfahranlagen in gutem Zustand sind bzw. die Oberflächen komfortabel sind Source: BürgerInnenbefragung Linz, Verkehrswesen BOKU Wien die Radwege ausreichend breit sind Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 5 Radfahrer, n =1 2% 7% 7% 6% I feel unsafe as a cyclist, when 100% 0% 100% das Kfz-Verkehrsaufkommen traffic volumes hoch are high ist 42% 36% keine Radwege no bike vorhanden tracks do sind exist 27% 23% das Wetter the weather schlecht is lousy ist 8% 16% die Kfz-Geschwindigkeit motorists are hoch speeding ist 5% 15% wenn es dunkel ist bzw. Nacht ist 7% 15% Fußgänger nicht getrennt sind 5% 11% ich im Mischverkehr mit Kfz fahre Source: BürgerInnenbefragung Linz, Verkehrswesen BOKU Wien es zu Fehlverhalten von Kfz-Fahrern kommt 20% 10% 8% Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 6 Radfahrer

4 Criteria for bicycle facilities, Linz Quelle: BürgerInnenbefragung Linz, Verkehrswesen BOKU Wien Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 7 Car trips: one in four shorter than 2.8km! Car trips, city of Graz (250,000 inhabitants) up to 1.0 km up to 2.8 km up to 4.8 km up to 5.8 km according to trip length and frequency Source : Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 8

5 More kilometres cycled > fewer accidents (example Copenhagen, 30% of trips by bicycle) Copenhagen invests 25% of the road construction budget in bicycle infrastructure! Kilometres cycled Killed and seriously injured Cycling risk Source/Figures from: Copenhagen City of Cyclists, Bicycle account 2006 Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 9 Traffic safety important rules organize traffic (infrastructure) in a logical way, so that everybody knows what it s all about without much effort of interpretation ( self explaining traffic organization ) keep traffic speeds low (less accidents and less severe injuries) organize lines of movement straight and foreseeable (in bicycle traffic many accidents happen as motorists / cyclists misjudge the movements of the other) remove sight obstructions wherever possible and avoid imposing new ones avoid detours (especially non-motorized people try to save effort and use shortcuts). Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 10

6 Contents 1 What do cyclists need & want? 2 Guidelines, planning principles, infrastructure Universität für Bodenkultur Wien Department für Raum, Landschaft und Infrastruktur 3 Contraflow cycling in one-way streets 4 Intersections 5 Crossing streets 6 Roundabouts Michael MESCHIK michael.meschik@boku.ac.at University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Department of Landscape, Spatial an Infrastructural Sciences Institute for Transport Studies Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 11 Required width for cyclists (Verkehrs- und Lichtraum) Quelle: RVS [2010] Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 12

7 Cyclists & cars: The planning principle ADTV [Veh/day] M I X I N G Mixed traffic or Multi purpose lanes MIXING or SEPARATING SEPARATING Mixed traffic, Multi purpose lanes, Cycle lanes or Cycle paths Cycle lanes or Cycle paths Cycle paths only V 85 [km/h] Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 13 How to organize different traffic modes (car, bicycle, pedestrian)? Merging modes when: small speed differences (30 kph), equally large volumes of pedestrians / cyclists / motorists, narrow road spaces, innercity etc. Separating modes when: high speeds or speed differences, small and large traffic volumes, wide road space etc. Merging needs less space than separating but requires slow speeds! Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 14

8 SEPARATION consumes a lot of space! Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 15 SHARING less space (small volumes, 30kph) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 16

9 Cycle lane, dangerous section coloured (Gent, BE) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 17 Multipurpose lane (Vienna) narrow space for cars Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 18

10 Too narrow lanes prove more dangerous than no lanes! Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 19 Separate pedestrians and cyclists with tactile constructive elements Source: Oismüller M., Stockholm Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 20

11 or separate them generously Quelle: Rogalli Th., Houten NL Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 21 Bike track rigth next to other lanes (Copenhagen) Quelle: Thomas Krag Mobility Advice, Copenhagen DK Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 22

12 Cycle track in good view right along other lanes Quelle: Oismüller M., Skandinavien (?) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 23 Organise DIRECT layouts at intersections Quelle: Vanas F., Offenburg Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 24

13 Expensive but safe: grade separated intersections Quelle: Felczak A., Nobelvägen Lönngatan SE Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 25 Contents 1 What do cyclists need & want? 2 Guidelines, planning principles, infrastructure Universität für Bodenkultur Wien Department für Raum, Landschaft und Infrastruktur 3 Contraflow cycling in one-way streets 4 Intersections 5 Crossing streets 6 Roundabouts Michael MESCHIK michael.meschik@boku.ac.at University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Department of Landscape, Spatial an Infrastructural Sciences Institute for Transport Studies Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 26

14 Wherever a car overtakes a cyclist bicycle contraflow is also possible Quelle: Meschik M., Klosterneuburg Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 27 With 30 kph and 200 Vehicles per hour 3m are sufficient Gegenläufige Führung Radverkehr V zul [km/h] B [m] gesamte Breite RFS 50 km/h B > 4 m Keine Markierung im Verlauf (Markierung u. evtl. baulich gesicherte Führung an Anfang und Ende der Einbahn) Voraussetzungen b R [m] erf. RV sinngemäß Breiten RFS Anmerkungen Zusätzliche Maßnahmen b E in Einbahnrichtung entspricht Begegnungsfall bzw. Bemessungsfahrzeug, min. 2,50 m [1], evtl. Ausweichstellen; b R =1,60m ( 1,25 m) neben Parkstreifen [2], Schutzstreifen vorsehen 30 km/h B 3,0 m [2] weiteren Mischverkehr; nur < 200 Kfz/h, Kurze Abschnitte mit <100 Kfz/h [2] VZ, keine Ausweichmöglichkeit 30 km/h Maßnahmen Engstellen bis 50 m Länge [2] 30 km/h B=3,5m entspr. Begegnungs -fall od. Bemessungs -fahrzeug 200 Kfz/h UND Schwerverkehrsanteil < 5 % [2]; Mitbenützung des RFS durch LKW, Ausweichstellen für RF erforderlich B 3,75 m auch bei Schwerverkehrsanteil > 5 % Quelle: Meschik M., Planungshandbuch Radverkehr aus verschiedenen Quellen Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 28

15 Mastering narrow stretches Quelle: Weiss, P., Stadt Salzburg Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 29 Passing places and secured entry & exit Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 30

16 Swerving cyclist and car in contraflow Quelle: Felczak A., Wien 21 Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 31 Swerving cyclist and car in contraflow Quelle: Felczak A., Wien 21 Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 32

17 Swerving cyclist and car in contraflow Quelle: Felczak A., Wien 21 Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 33 Swerving cyclist and car in contraflow Quelle: Felczak A., Wien 21 Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 34

18 Simple coloured entry-lane Source: Düsseldorf, DE Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 35 Traffic island secures contraflow lane for cyclists Quelle: Titz Ch., Helsingborg, SE Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 36

19 Contents 1 What do cyclists need & want? 2 Guidelines, planning principles, infrastructure Universität für Bodenkultur Wien Department für Raum, Landschaft und Infrastruktur 3 Contraflow cycling in one-way streets 4 Intersections 5 Crossing streets 6 Roundabouts Michael MESCHIK michael.meschik@boku.ac.at University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Department of Landscape, Spatial an Infrastructural Sciences Institute for Transport Studies Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 37 Cyclists at intersections basic principles (e.g. RVS crossroad-criterion ) Built-up areas share the road preferred (30 kph), Open land separate bicycle / car due to speed differences (exception: mixed traffic on low volume road network) organize lines of movement straight and foreseeable (interactions bike/car without unexpected changes of direction) Crossroads and driveways at short distances (< 100m) Bike lanes, multipurpose lanes aside other lanes (same level) Crossroads every 200m, no sight obstructions Bike track right next to other lanes but elevated Guide bike track lowered to road surface as bike lane over crossroad Enable good sight contact! (pedestrian-)cycle track approaching crossroads must be lead to other lanes Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 38

20 30 kph zones Cyclists ride in mixed traffic Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle kph zones mixed traffic in Munic Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 40

21 Cycle track converted to cycle lane and lead straight over crossroads (CPH) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 41 Panning for the bicycle at crossroads (1) Lead cyclists in direct sight contact of motorists, near, at or in front of lanes for motorists Mix compatible modes / traffic flows (30 kph), separate incompatible flows by constructive elements (safety distances) or with traffic lights Cyclists riding straight on stay at their lane, right turning cars have to change to the right turning lane Colour conflict areas (last resort) Avoid conflicting green times and combined lanes straight-ahead & left as this endangers left turning cyclists Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 42

22 To be avoided: conflicting green times and combined lanes straight-ahead & left Quelle: Str_u_Verk_1_96_S38 Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 43 It must be clear, who wants to go where Quelle: München Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 44

23 Coloured confilict areas at crossroads CPH) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 45 Safe design for driveways (Cycle track!) Quelle: Böhme St., Münster, RVS Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 46

24 Cycle tracks with sight obstructions are dangerous! Quelle: Ljungberg, Universität Lund Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 47 Right-turning cars bicycles straight-on Dangerous PROBLEM: straight-on cyclists simultaneously right next alongside lane for right-turning cars (s. cycle track!) SOLUTIONS: cyclist switch: separate right turning and on-heading cyclists way before the conflict area; it must be clear where they are riding to; suitable for cycle lanes and multi-purpose lanes if space is scarce use a combined lane: right turning motorists and straight-on riding cyclists merge in a queue, one after the other. Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 48

25 The problematic standard design for cycle tracks! and the problem of tracks set off the main lanes Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 49 (far) set-off cycle tracks right-turning lorry driver can t see cyclists! Quelle: Traub R., Münster Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 50

26 Cyclist going straight-on, motorists turning right (Munich) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 51 Cyclist going straight-on, motorists turning right (Munich) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 52

27 Cyclist going straight-on, motorists turning right (Munich) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 53 Cyclist switch Distinguish cyclists direction of movement as soon as possible! Skizze: RVS , 2011 Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 54

28 Combined (right-turning) lane Barred areas to protect cyclists (RVS , 2011) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 55 Combined (right-turning) lane (Copenhagen) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 56

29 Combined (right-turning) lane (Copenhagen) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 57 Combined (right-turning) lane (Copenhagen) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 58

30 Combined (right-turning) lane (Copenhagen) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 59 Combined (right-turning) lane (Copenhagen) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 60

31 Panning for the bicycle at crossroads (2) Bicycle lane at traffic lights: advance stop-line 5 m and widen lane to provide space for left turning cyclists Green light at traffic lights for cyclists 2 s to 3 seconds before other modes Secure cyclists with traffic islands when crossing streets Bike tracks are always used in both directions especially unsafe for cyclists riding in the wrong direction. Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 61 Advanced stop-lines with bike lanes Quelle: RVS Quelle: ERA 2010 Multipurpose lanes!, Quelle: ERA 2010 Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 62

32 Turning left - 2 Strategies Directly 2 Indirectly 1 Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 63 Direct left-turn from widened bike-lane Quelle: Vanas F., Lübeck, RVS Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 64

33 Indirect left turn (Osnabrück, BRD) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 65 Green traffic light for cyclists (Innsbruck) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 66

34 Green traffic light for cyclists(münster) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 67 Safe bicycle traffic at crossroads T-Knoten mit Radfahrerfalle T-Knoten mit aufgesetzter Trottoirzunge T-Knoten mit Fahrradweiche und Abbiegehilfen Quelle: Tiefbauamt Kanton Bern, Oskar Balsiger 2010 Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 68

35 Bicycle lock (Münster, BRD) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 69 Bicycle lock (Münster, BRD) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 70

36 Bicycle lock (Münster, BRD) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 71 Bicycle lock (Münster, BRD) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 72

37 Bicycle lock (Münster, BRD) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 73 Contents 1 What do cyclists need & want? 2 Guidelines, planning principles, infrastructure Universität für Bodenkultur Wien Department für Raum, Landschaft und Infrastruktur 3 Contraflow cycling in one-way streets 4 Intersections 5 Crossing streets 6 Roundabouts Michael MESCHIK michael.meschik@boku.ac.at University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Department of Landscape, Spatial an Infrastructural Sciences Institute for Transport Studies Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 74

38 Purpose Crossing-aids purpose / systematics Help / enable pedestrians / cyclists to cross the road Systematics: Built measures: kerbstone pushed forward, traffic islands, elevated pavement, lowered kerbstones... Leagal measures: pedestrian / cyclist s crossings, traffic lights Measures on two levels: under- and overpasses. Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 75 Helping pedestrians and cyclists to cross the street Traffic island Width 2,50 m (minimum 2,00 m) Narrow island better than none! Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 76

39 Traffic island (Stockerau, NÖ) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 77 Traffic island as crossing aid (Stockerau, NÖ) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 78

40 Traffic island between cycle track and cycle lanes (open land island built up area) Quelle: ERA 2010 Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 79 Traffic islands bundle up pedestrians EAHV 93, 1993 Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 80

41 Waiting time for pedestrians due to traffic volumes and width of carriageway 70 Durchschnittliche Wartezeit in Sekunden Gesamte Querschnittsbelastung in Fahrzeugen Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 81 Kreuzung zweier Radrouten, Houten NL Quelle: Rogalli Th., Houten, NL Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 82

42 Radwegquerung mit Nachrang Vorrang Quelle: Kantonspolizei Basel Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 83 Kreuzung für Radverkehr mit Nachrang Vorrang Platz für Linksabbieger! Quelle: RVS aktueller Entwurf Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 84

43 Radroute quert bevorrechtigte Straße Quelle: Tiefbauamt Zürich Angst H. (Hrsg.) (1995) Radverkehrsanlagen: Richtlinien / Tiefbauamt des Kantons Zürich; Kantonspolizei Zürich. [Arbeitsgruppe Radverkehrsanlagen...]. Überarb. Ausg., Zürich Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 85 Münster Promenade quert Straße Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 86

44 Münster Promenade quert Straße Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 87 Münster Promenade quert Straße Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 88

45 Mittelinsel sichert Knoten (Osnabrück) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 89 Querung Radroute verkehrsberuhigte Straße, Houten NL Quelle: Vanas F., Houten, NL Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 90

46 Querung Radroute verkehrsberuhigte Straße, Houten NL Quelle: Rogalli Th., Houten, NL Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 91 Querung Fahrradstraße (?) verkehrsberuhigte Straße, Houten NL Quelle: Rogalli Th., Houten, NL Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 92

47 Querungssicherung (L3158, Schwalmstadt- Oberaula) Quelle: ADFC (Koerdt A., DIFU Berlin) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 93 Querung Fahrradstraße (?) verkehrsberuhigte Straße, Houten NL Quelle: Rogalli Th., Houten, NL Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 94

48 Großzügig niveaufrei und beleuchtet Quelle: Rogalli Th., Houten, NL Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 95 Großzügige Lösung - niveaufrei Quelle: Felczak A., Nobelvägen Lönngatan SE Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 96

49 Hauptradroute (RadSchnellWeg) (Kopenhagen Frederiksberg) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 97 Hauptradroute - Brücke (Kopenhagen Frederiksberg) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 98

50 Querung mit Rumpelstrecke (Kopenhagen) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 99 Querung mit Rumpelstrecke (Kopenhagen) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 100

51 Querung mit Rumpelstrecke (Kopenhagen) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 101 Querung mit Rumpelstrecke (Kopenhagen) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 102

52 Querung mit Rumpelstrecke (Kopenhagen) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 103 Querung mit Rumpelstrecke (Kopenhagen) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 104

53 Querung mit Rumpelstrecke (Kopenhagen) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 105 Querung mit Rumpelstrecke (Kopenhagen) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 106

54 Querung mit Rumpelstrecke (Kopenhagen) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 107 Ende Radweg laut RVS Quelle: RVS aktueller Entwurf Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 108

55 Anfang/Ende Radweg Quelle: Tiefbauamt Zürich Angst H. (Hrsg.) (1995) Radverkehrsanlagen: Richtlinien / Tiefbauamt des Kantons Zürich; Kantonspolizei Zürich. [Arbeitsgruppe Radverkehrsanlagen...]. Überarb. Ausg., Zürich Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 109 Wenn Poller wenigstens einen Nutzen hätten Quelle: Traub, R., Wien Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 110

56 Wenn es erst dunkel wird Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 111 Poller nicht auf Radrouten oder auffällig! Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 112

57 Umlaufsperren nicht auf Radrouten! Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 113 Schwelle an abschüssigem RW vor Straßenquerung (Kopenhagen) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 114

58 Contents 1 What do cyclists need & want? 2 Guidelines, planning principles, infrastructure Universität für Bodenkultur Wien Department für Raum, Landschaft und Infrastruktur 3 Contraflow cycling in one-way streets 4 Intersections 5 Crossing streets 6 Roundabouts Michael MESCHIK michael.meschik@boku.ac.at University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Department of Landscape, Spatial an Infrastructural Sciences Institute for Transport Studies Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 115 Radverkehr an Kreisverkehrsanlagen Kreisverkehre (KV) sicher für motorisierte Verkehrsteilnehmer, nicht sicherer für RF / FG KV verlängern Wege für FG / RF Radverkehr im gesamten Kreisverkehr gleichartig organisieren Organisationsform des Radverkehrs entlang einmündender Straßen am Kreisverkehr beibehalten Wegweisung für RF rechtzeitig vor Befahren des KV Führung des Radverkehrs an Kreisverkehren zwei Alternativen: (1) Mischverkehr RV / Kfz-Verkehr auf Kreisfahrbahn (2) RV umfährt Kreisverkehr außen ((G)RW) (3) RV auf RFS am Rand Kreisfahrbahn (unbedingt vermeiden)! Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 116

59 mögliche Radverkehrsführungen an Kreisverkehrsanlagen RV auf Kreisfahrbahn RV umfährt Kreisverkehr außen RV auf RFS / MZS auf Kreisfahrbahn nicht empfohlen! Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 117 Radverkehr auf Kreisfahrbahn Radverkehr ohne weitere Maßnahmen im Mischverkehr auf der Kreisfahrbahn Standardausführung innerorts: einstreifige Kreisverkehre, Außendurchmesser bis 30 m, moderate Geschwindigkeiten und geringer Kfz-Verkehr RF fahren wie Kfz in den Kreisverkehr ein und innerhalb des KV annähernd mittig am Fahrstreifen verhindert Überholen und Schneiden durch Kfz-Lenker bis ca Kfz/d bewährt (Brilon [2004], ADAC [2005]). Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 118

60 RFS / MZS in Zufahrt zu Kreisverkehr, Führung auf Kreisfahrbahn mit Kfz-Verkehr Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 119 Vorteil / Nachteil RV auf Kreisfahrbahn Vorteil Radverkehr auf Kreisfahrbahn Geringer Flächenbedarf Einfache, leicht verständliche Verkehrsführung Geringer Aufwand zur RV-Führung Nachteil Radverkehr auf Kreisfahrbahn: Für ungeübte RF (Kinder etc.) subjektiv unsicher Unfallrisiko durch überholende Kfz auf Kreisfahrbahn, wenn Kreisfahrbahn-Breite dies zulässt (bzw. Innenring leicht überfahrbar ist) oder unsichere RF (Kinder etc.) äußerst rechts fahren. Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 120

61 Empfehlungen Radverkehr auf Kreisfahrbahn Innenring der Kreisfahrbahn (ca. 1/3 für Schleppkurve längerer Fahrzeuge) ca. 5 cm höher ausführen um Befahren durch Pkw zu verhindern (verhindert schnelle Durchfahrt, Überholen im Kreis und Schneiden bei Ausfahrt) RFS u. RW in Zufahrten ca. 20 m vor der Kreisfahrbahn in MZS überführen (Hinweis: 10 m vor Insel enden lassen) Breite zwischen Fahrbahnteiler und Bordstein möglichst gering ( 3,5 m, Pkw FR Pkw FR usw.) Richtiges Verhalten im Kreisverkehr durch Öffentlichkeitsarbeit vermitteln. Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 121 Innerorts: Mischverkehr als Regelfall Quelle: ADAC (2005) Der Kreisverkehr. Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.v., Ressort Verkehr, München. Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 122

62 Selbstbewusst Radfahren im Kreisverkehr (Tulln) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 123 Nur gestalteter Innenring sinnlos! Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 124

63 Innenring wird für Pkw wegen der Höhenstufe unattraktiv (Fulda, BRD) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 125 und von Großfahrzeugen gebraucht (Fulda) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 126

64 Einmündung Radfahranlage in Zufahrt zum Kreisverkehr: links RW, rechts RFS Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 127 Radverkehr auf RW außerhalb Kreisfahrbahn Radverkehr auf Außenring-Radweg um Kreisfahrbahn herumgeführt quert Ein- und Ausfahrten Querungsbereiche äußerst sorgfältig planen / ausführen RF Vorrang RFÜ nur bei konzentrischer Radwegführung um den Kreisverkehr (Sicherheit!) Fahrlinie von RF, welche um den Kreisverkehr fahren wollen, soll für Kfz-Lenker vorhersehbar sein! RFA in unstetiger Führung mittels VZ benachrangen, keine RFÜ! Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 128

65 konzentrischer Radweg um Kreisverkehr mit RFÜ (links) - unstetige Führung (rechts) Rad Vorrang Rad Nachrang Empfohlen Fahrlinie des Fahrrades gut einschätzbar Vorsicht! Fahrlinie des Fahrrades nicht einschätzbar Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 129 Unfallsituation an Kreisverkehren mit konzentrischer und unstetiger Führung unstetige Führung des RW mit Vorrang auf Radfahrer-? Überfahrt, kritische Fahrlinie der Radfahrer nicht vorhersehbar vermeiden! Konzentrischer Radweg, einige Meter abgerückt von Kreisfahrbahn, kritische Fahrlinie der Radfahrer Quelle: Haller, Lange 2000 vorhersehbar unstetige Führung des RW mit Nachrang auf Radfahrer-Überfahrt Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 130

66 Vorteile / Nachteile RV auf RW außerhalb Kreisfahrbahn Vorteile Geeignet für große Kreisverkehrsanlagen mit hohen Verkehrsstärken (außerorts, hohe Geschwindigkeit) und bei sehr hohen Radverkehrsstärken Nachteile Umwege für RF Hoher Flächenverbrauch Unstetige Führung Gefährdung der RF, abzulehnen RF gegen Kreisverkehrsrichtung besonders gefährdet Abrücken der RFÜ vom Kreis zwecks Aufstellflächen für einfahrende Kfz verursacht Sicherheitsprobleme durch ausfahrende Kfz. Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 131 Empfehlungen Radverkehr auf Radweg außerhalb Kreisfahrbahn bevorrechtigt geführte RFÜ ca. eine Autolänge (5m) von Kreisfahrbahn abrücken (geringer 2m und weiter als 5m risikobehaftet) Fahrbahnbelag an Überfahrt einfärben Zweirichtungs-Radwege besonders außerorts benachrangen Radverkehrsanlage näher an der Kreisfahrbahn, FGÜ außen daneben anordnen Bei hohen Verkehrsbelastungen und schlechter Unfallbilanz niveaufreie Führung des RV unter dem Kreisverkehr erwägen (s. Houten). Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 132

67 Kreisumlaufende Radwege Querungsstellen etwa 5m abrücken 4 bis 5 m Foto: Bondzio, Büro Brilon Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 133 Eingefärbter Fahrbahnbelag auf bevorrechtigter Radfahrerüberfahrt (Tulln) Institute for Transport Studies, Dpt. RaLI, BOKU Vienna Michael Meschik, March 2012 Planning for the bicycle 134