Market Development of Biomass in Germany: Experiences and Success Factors

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1 Market Development of Biomass in Germany: Experiences and Success Factors Dr.-Ing. Matthias Eichelbrönner General Manager E.Quadrat, Mannheim, Germany Visiting Professor, University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim Member Advisory Board, German BioEnergy Association

2 Bioenergy in Germany Content 1. Status of Bioenergy by final energy supply o Heating o Power and combined cycle o Bio-fuels 2. Applications and selected technologies o Applications for heat, power and fuel o Selected new technologies 3. Conclusion 2

3 [GWh] RE in Germany in 2012, final energy supply Beitrag der erneuerbaren Energien zur Endenergiebereitstellung in Deutschland Kraftstoffbereitstellung 2012: GWh Wärmebereitstellung 2012: GWh Strombereitstellung 2012: GWh < Fuel supply < Heating < Power GWh = 1 Mio. kwh; Quelle: BMU - E I 1 nach Arbeitsgruppe Erneuerbare Energien-Statistik (AGEE-Stat); Hintergrundbild: BMU / Bernd Müller; Stand: Februar 2013; Angaben vorläufig 3

4 Bioenergy in Germany in 2012/2013, Final Energy Supply Anteil erneuerbarer Energien am Endenergieverbrauch in Deutschland im Jahr : Total 8833 PJ or 318 billion kwh 2012: Total 8986 PJ Gesamt: PJ 1) Windenergie: 1,8 % Wasserkraft: 0,8 % Hydropower Photovoltaik: 1,1 % Photovoltaic fossile Energieträger (Steinkohle, conventional Braunkohle, Mineralöl, Erdgas) und Kernenergie: 87,4 % Anteile EE ,6 % Biomasse 2) : 8,2 % Solarthermie, Geothermie: 0,5 % Bioenergy Solar thermal Geo thermal 1) Quelle: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen e.v. (AGEB); 2) Feste und flüssige Biomasse, Biogas, Klär- Deponiegas, biogener Anteil des Abfalls, Biokraftstoffe; Quelle: BMU - E I 1 nach Arbeitsgruppe Erneuerbare Energien-Statistik (AGEE-Stat) und ZSW, unter Verwendung von Angaben der AGEB; EE: Erneuerbare Energien; 1 PJ = Joule; Abweichungen in den Summen durch Rundungen; Stand: Februar 2013; Angaben vorläufig 4

5 Final Energy from Biomass in Power, Heat, Motor Fuel 5,3% of total fuel supply 8,0% of total electricity supply 8,1% of total heat supply 5

6 [GWh] RE Power Supply in Germany and FIT introduction Beitrag der erneuerbaren Energien zur Strombereitstellung in Deutschland Wasserkraft Windenergie EEG: Januar Biomasse * Photovoltaik Novelle BauGB: November 1997 EEG: April 2000 EEG: August 2004 EEG: Januar 2009 PV Bioenergy StromEinspG: Januar März 2000 Wind power Hydropower * Feste und flüssige Biomasse, Biogas, Klär- und Deponiegas, biogener Anteil des Abfalls; 1 GWh = 1 Mio. kwh; Aufgrund geringer Strommengen ist die Tiefengeothermie nicht dargestellt; StromEinspG: Stromeinspeisungsgesetz; BauGB: Baugesetzbuch; EEG: Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz; Quelle: BMU - E I 1 nach Arbeitsgruppe Erneuerbare Energien-Statistik (AGEE-Stat); Hintergrundbild: BMU / Christoph Edelhoff; Stand: Februar 2013; Angaben vorläufig 6

7 Development of Electricity Supply from Biomass Plants 7

8 Development of Heat Supply from RE 8

9 Investment in Construction of RE

10 Turnover from Operation of RE

11 Bioenergy in Germany Content 1. Status of Bioenergy by final energy supply o Heating o Power and combined cycle o Bio-fuels 2. Applications and selected technologies o Applications for heat, power and fuel o Selected new technologies 3. Conclusion 11

12 Bioenergy conversion routes > specific technologies apply! 12

13 Combustion of wood heating, process heat Specific design for specific type of fuel: wood logs, chopped wood, wood pellets (only dry wood) Thermal power: from approx 10 kw to some 100 kw Applications: Household, industry, municipality 13

14 Combustion of wood mid scale HD Combustion or cogeneration for industrial processes or district heat networks. Fuel: wood chips, straw, pellets, waste wood (clean) water content up to 50%, depending on boiler design Heat only plants: from some 100 kw to some 15 MW (Picture: Seeger Engineering) CHP plants: thermal power up to some 15 MW, electric power up to some 7 MW Example Heidelberg (right fotograph): 10,5 MW th, 3 MW el 14

15 Miscanthus heating system Stadtwerke Göppingen Thermal power: 600 kw Fuel: miscanthus: 150 kg/hour Oil equivalent: liter per year District heating system Investment including heat distribution system: 500 T 15

16 Combustion of wood large scale power plants CHP or power only plants, step grade or fluidized bed Thermal power up to 60 MW, electrical power up to 20 MW High efficiency feasible, up to 36,5% and 8200 full load hours (93% CF) All types of biomass including contaminated materials Water content up to 50% at specific plant design (Picture: MVV Energie AG) 16

17 Bioenergy by fermentation; biogas to power Input material: menure, organic residues from industry and municipalities; landfill and sewage plant excess biogas to avoid greenhouse gases (CH 4 ) specially cultivated energy crops (e.g. maize). Fermentation residues to be used as organic fertilisers Power: from some 10 kw el to up to 5 MW el often in combination with heat recovery 17

18 Integrated Waste Treatment Plant Rendsburg-Eckernförde Sorting Composting Biogas Unit 18

19 Anaerobic Dry Digester for solid and mixed bio-waste Anaerobic digester containing dry biomass to be sprayed with bioactive liquid to start digestion process. Biogas can be used to run combustion engine-generator sets. Installations up to 100,000 tonnes per year realized. Source: Abfallwirtschaft Rendsburg Eckernförde, Strabag Umweltanlagen GmbH, Dresden Biogas yield: m 3 /t wet biomass, methane content 55 60% 19

20 Extraction of oil seeds to fuel, stationary and vehicles Extracting vegetable oil by cold pressing, directly on farms or cooperatives and centralised production by refining in large industrial plants. Suspended solids are removed by filtration or sedimentation. Apart from the oil, protein-rich press cake can be used as fodder. In Germany vegetable oil is blended to diesel fuel. (Picture: Brökelmann & Co.) 20

21 Biomass fermentation to ethanol Ethanol is produced by fermentation of sugar, starch or lignocelluloses based raw materials, followed by distillation. In Germany ethanol is blended to gas (B10). Main feedstock in Germany are rye and wheat, soon sugar beet. Ethanol based on straw is likely to enter the market in 5 years time. Sugarcane growing areas are ideal for ethanol production. 21

22 Outlook of new biomas conversion technologies Complexity Hydrothermal Carbonization Biomass conversion to bio-coal > power plants > co-fireing High temperature gasification Biomass conversion to gas > combustion engines, turbines State of the art combustion Biomass power plants Labor/research Pilot phase Industrial Availability 22

23 High temperature biomass gasification, first pilots Small high temperature fixed bed gasification unit kw Fluidized bed gasification plant Senden 14,3 MWth 5,0 MWel Pilot plant, 2012 Invest 33 mio. Euro Quelle: SCHNELL Quelle: Stadtwerke Senden 23

24 Biomass to coal: Hydrothermal carbonization Fraunhofer-Innovationscluster Bioenergy Input material: biomass wet, variable conditions Parameters: C, bar Exotherm reaction End product: bio coal, high heating value First pilot plants in operation KIT Karlsruhe Quelle: Fraunhofer UMSICHT 24

25 Bioenergy in Germany Content 1. Status of Bioenergy by final energy supply o Heating o Power and combined cycle o Bio-fuels 2. Applications and selected technologies o Applications for heat, power and fuel o Selected new technologies 3. Conclusion 25

26 Conclusion Key Success Factors Strong political will to promote renewable energy from 1992 onwards Continuous improvement of the promotion schemes since then Feed-In-Tariff law to be fully bankable Over 90% of renewable energy installations are owned by private companies and subsequently are privately financed Broad consensus of German population pro Renewable Energy and to exit Nuclear Power by

27 Special thanks to German BioEnergy Association & Co. Projekt- und Beratungs- KG Kolpingstraße Waghäusel Mannheim Office Weinheimer Straße 64a Mannheim Germany Amtsgericht Mannheim HRB Tel +49/(0)621/ Fax: +49/(0)621/