Hydrothermal carbonisation - efficient use of wet biomass. Thomas M. Kläusli Chief Marketing Officer AVA-CO2 Switzerland Ltd.

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1 Hydrothermal carbonisation - efficient use of wet biomass Thomas M. Kläusli Chief Marketing Officer AVA-CO2 Switzerland Ltd.

2 AVA Group AVA-CO2 Zug AVA-CO2 Forschung GmbH Karlsruhe AVA Energy Holding GmbH Karlsruhe AVA Biochem BSL AG Muttenz Page 2

3 3 Pillar Strategy Page 3

4 Hydrothermal Carbonisation - HTC Biomass (DMC 20-30%) Hydrolysis Carbonisation Polymerisation HTC Biocoal (DMC 70-95%) HHV of MJ/Kg Page 4

5 Hydrothermal Carbonisation - HTC Some examples of well suited biomass (cellulose, hemi-cellulose, protein) Spent grains from breweries Wet cake from bio ethanol production Empty fruit bunches (EFB) from palm oil industry Manure Digestate from Biogas University Hohenheim Leaves / Green cut Senatsverwaltung Berlin Bio-Waste FP7 BioBoost Project Waste water sewage sludge ZHAW Study Page 5

6 Hydrothermal Carbonisation - HTC Page 6

7 Hydrothermal Carbonisation - HTC Pilot Plant K3-335 Industrial Demonstration Plant HTC-0 Page 7

8 Why Focus on Waste Water Sewage Sludge? Page 8

9 Why Focus on Waste Water Sewage Sludge? Wir werden die Klärschlammausbringung zu Düngezwecken beenden und Phosphor und andere Nährstoffe zurückgewinnen. Koalitionsvertrag zwischen CDU, CSU und SPD 18. Legislaturperiode Das Bundesumweltministerium will Regelungen zur Phosphorrückgewinnung zügig voranbringen. Der Koalitionsvertrag sieht vor, dass Phosphor und andere Nährstoffe zurückgewonnen werden sollen. Dies werden wir so schnell wie möglich umsetzen, Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär im BMBU Florian Pronold (SPD), Zweiten Europäischen Konferenz zur Phosphorbewirtschaftung in Berlin. Nach einer Übergangsfrist soll der Phosphor in phosphorreichen Abfällen wie Klärschlamm, Tier- und Knochenmehl ab 2016 nach dem Stand der Technik zurückgewonnen werden. Die Pflicht zur Phosphor-Rückgewinnung soll 5 Jahre nach Inkrafttreten der Verordnung gelten. Revision TVA, Schweiz Die Europäische Kommission hat Phosphatgestein auf die Liste der kritischen Rohstoffe aufgenommen. Europäische Kommission Pressemitteilung Page 9

10 Why Focus on Waste Water Sewage Sludge? Waste Water Sewage Sludge is a problem in Europe and is available in large quantities (12 Mio. tons dry matter) Clear trend from land fill and agriculture application towards thermal use (due to ecological and cost reasons) HTC saves over 50% on thermal and electrical energy compared to existing thermal drying technologies (ZHAW Study) HTC has best life cycle analysis results compared to other technologies (ZHAW Study) HTC is less capital intensive than mono incineration and therefore helps save money for the communities Due to the phosphorous recovery process AVA cleanphos HTC Coal from waste water sewage sludge can in the future still be used in co-firing and therefore reduce CO2- emissions Page 10

11 Efficient phosphorous recovery with AVA cleanphos Page 11

12 Efficient phosphorous recovery with AVA cleanphos Page 12

13 Efficient phosphorous recovery with AVA cleanphos Illustration P-Molecules on HTC Coal Page 13

14 8 Lessons learned 1. Technical capability does not automatically mean commercial success 2. Current EU-Waste hierarchy does not support the most efficient or commercially interesting technologies and prevents efficient biomass for energy solutions to be implemented 3. End of Waste can play an important role in biomass to energy projects 4. Size does matter economies of scale play an important role for biomass to energy technologies 5. Co-location is a critical aspect for HTC 6. Regional biomass development strategies are critical for an efficient biomass use 7. Clear government regulations are a must. Uncertainty scare away private investors 8. And finally: New technologies (such as HTC) need financial government support for the implementation of first flagship projects. Page 14

15 THANK YOU VERY MUCH Thomas M. Kläusli