Worldwide R&D-Activities for Climate-Friendly Power Generation in Fossil Fuel Power Plants

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1 World Energy Dialogue Worldwide R&D-Activities for Climate-Friendly Power Generation in Fossil Fuel Power Plants Seite 1

2 CO 2 Reduction from Fossil Fuel Power Plants Increasing Efficiency CO 2 Capture and Sequestration (CCS) Capture Sequestration Network IEA: International Energy Agency: Fossil Fuels Working Party Clean Centre Greenhouse Gas CSLF Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum National Programmes: COORETEC (Germany) CAT (UK) FP 5, 6, 7 (Europe) VISION 21 (USA) COAL 21 (Australia) Canada Japan Seite 2

3 There are a lot of NETWORKS International Network on Bio-fixation of CO 2 and International Network for CO 2 -Capture CO 2 GeoNet CO2NET EuroGeoSurveys eurogif EnergyNet Oxy-Fuel Combustion Network Well Bore Integrity Network Monitoring Network Risk Assessment Network IEA GHG Networks Zero Emission Alliance IEA Clean Centre CSLF FENCO Fossil Energy ition Seite 3

4 Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) Initiated by the USA in June, 2003 started with 16 member countries, has grown to 21 (at the beginning of 2006) Information forum on GHG initiatives that deal with CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) Seite 4

5 CSLF-Nominated Projects Seite 5

6 CO 2 Storage Projects.. Storage EOR: Enhanced Oil Recovery EGR: Enhanced Gas Recovery ECBM: Enhanced Bed Methane EOR & Storage Acid gas I will not deal with STORAGE but will focus on CAPTURE and EFFICIENCY Seite 6

7 Technologies for CO 2 Reduction in Fossil Fuel Power Plants Improvement of Efficiency CO 2 - Capture Combustion Gasification Combined Cycle (NGCC) Steam Power Plant USC IGCC NGCC with MEA Steam Power Plant with MEA Oxyfuel Chemical Looping Combustion IGCC with Cold Methane Chemical Looping Gasification Hydrogen Production Co-firing of Biomass Retrofit of SPP and IGCC Seite 7

8 The IEA Energy Technical Network I E A M E M B E R C O U N T R I E S IEA GOVERNING BOARD CERT Committee on Energy Research and Technology Fusion Power Co-ordination Committee IMPLEMENTING AGREEMENTS Envir. Aspects Fusion Fusion Materials Large Tokamaks Nuclear Textor Fusion Rev. Field Pinches Stellarator ASDEX Upgrade Oil & Gas Expert Group INTERSECTORAL IMPLEMENTING AGREEMENTS Climate Technology Initiative (CTI) Energy Environment Technologies Information Centres (EETIC) Energy Technology System Analysis Programme (ETSAP) Energy Technology Data Exchange (CTDE) INDUSTRY Fossil Fuels Working Party IMPLEMENTING AGREEMENTS Clean Centre Clean Science Enhanced Oil Oil Recovery Fluidised Bed Conversion Greenhouse Gas R&D Mutiphase Flow Science Renewable Working Party IMPLEMENTING AGREEMENTS Hydrogen Bioenergy Geothermal Hydropower Ocean Energy Photovoltaic Power Solar Heating / Cooling Solar PACES Wind Turbines End Use Working Party IMPLEMENTING AGREEMENTS Adv. Fuel Cells Adv. Materials Transp. Adv. Motor Fuels Hybrid-Electric Vehicles Demand-Side Mgmt. Building Conservation District Heating/Cooling Energy Storage Heat Pumps Emissions/Combustion Process Integration Pulp & Paper Superconductivity Hydrogen Co-ordination Group R&D Priority Expert Group Basic Science Expert Group NON-MEMBER COUNTRIES I E A S E C R E T A R I A T Seite 8

9 IEA Clean Center Roadmap Seite 9

10 Technologies for CO 2 Reduction in Fossil Fuel Power Plants (Clean Centre, [without Gas]) Improvement of Efficiency Combined Cycle (NGCC) Steam Power Plant USC IGCC NGCC with MEA CO 2 - Capture Combustion Gasification Steam Power Plant with MEA Oxyfuel Chemical Looping Combustion IGCC with Cold Methane Chemical Looping Gasification Hydrogen Production Co-firing of Biomass Retrofit of SPP and IGCC Seite 10

11 Activities in Germany - COORETEC Steps towards a near Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plant 5 Working Groups: - SPP - NGCC - IGCC + CO 2 capture - Oxyfuel - Sequestration Seite 11

12 Technologies for CO 2 Reduction in Fossil Fuel Power Plants (Germany) Improvement of Efficiency CO 2 - Capture Combustion Gasification NGCC with MEA Combined Cycle (NGCC) Steam Power Plant USC IGCC Steam Power Plant with MEA Oxyfuel Chemical Looping Combustion IGCC with Cold Methane Chemical Looping Gasification Hydrogen Production Co-firing of Biomass Retrofit of SPP and IGCC Seite 12

13 Activities in UK - CAT (May 2004) Carbon (Dioxide) Reduction Key issue will be value of CO 2 Zero Emissions Path Increased Efficiency Path Zero Emissions will need the most efficient plant Near-term Mid-term Long-term Time Seite 13

14 Activities in UK CAT UK action UK-led international action Support research, development and pilot-scale demonstration of CATs Support the demonstration of CO 2 capture-ready plant Support the demonstration of CO 2 storage Facilitate international collaboration in UK projects Facilitate UK collaboration in international projects Examine possible measures to encourage CCS Knowledge and know-how acquisition and transfer Participate in international action Lead preparation of national and international regulatory frameworks and market mechanisms needed to support CATs Increase public awareness Route map for the development of CATs in UK Activities: Co-firing at existing and new coal plant with up to 10% energy crops Retrofitting pulverised coal plant with advanced boilers and steam turbines New advanced pulverised coal plant Retrofitting coal gasification to an existing gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) New advanced integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant IGCC with combined electricity and hydrogen production Advanced natural gas GTCC plant Hydrogen production from coal and natural gas Seite 14

15 Technologies for CO 2 Reduction in Fossil Fuel Power Plants (UK) Improvement of Efficiency CO 2 - Capture Combustion Gasification NGCC with MEA Combined Cycle (NGCC) Steam Power Plant USC IGCC Steam Power Plant with MEA Oxyfuel Chemical Looping Combustion IGCC with Cold Methane Chemical Looping Gasification Hydrogen Production Co-firing of Biomass Retrofit of SPP and IGCC Seite 15

16 Activities in Europe FP 5 ( ) : - first CO 2 capture and storage projects FP 6 ( ) : - only CCS - reduce cost of CO 2 capture from /t to /t - 5 projects FP 7 ( ) : - continued focus on CCS - re-introduction of Clean Technology (improvement of efficiency) - HYPOGEN: Polygeneration of Hydrogen and Electricity Technology Platform on ZEFFPP (Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants) Seite 16

17 Activities in Europe FP5 ( ) Seite 17

18 Activities in Europe FP 5 ( ) : - first CO 2 capture and storage projects FP 6 ( ) : - only CCS - reduce cost of CO 2 capture from /t to /t - 5 projects FP 7 ( ) : - continued focus on CCS - re-introduction of Clean Technology (improvement of efficiency) - HYPOGEN: Polygeneration of Hydrogen and Electricity Technology Platform on ZEFFPP (Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants) Seite 18

19 Activities in Europe FP 6 ( ) STORAGE CAPTURE CAPTURE STORAGE CAPTURE Seite 19

20 Activities in Europe FP 5 ( ) : - first CO 2 capture and storage projects FP 6 ( ) : - only CCS - reduce cost of CO 2 capture from /t to /t - 5 projects FP 7 ( ) : - continued focus on CCS - re-introduction of Clean Technology (improvement of efficiency) - HYPOGEN: Polygeneration of Hydrogen and Electricity Technology Platform on ZEFFPP (Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants) Seite 20

21 European Technology Platform for ZEFFPP (Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants) Key Task Vision Strategic Research Agenda Deployment Strategy Communication and Engagement Implementation of Strategy FP7 FP7: Definitation of WP Launch 1DEC05 General Assembly #1 Member State Mirror Group/FENCO Recommendations FP7: Call for Proposats Joint Undertaking / Joint Technology Initiative? General Assembly #2 joint industry, government and research Institute actions establish two important strategic documents: - Strategic Research Agenda - Strategic Deployment Document 5 Working Groups - Plants and CO 2 Capture - CO 2 Use and Storage - Infrastructure and Environment - Market, Regulation, Policy - Communication and Public Acceptance Seite 21

22 Technologies for CO 2 Reduction in Fossil Fuel Power Plants (Europe) FP6 Improvement of Efficiency CO 2 - Capture Combustion Gasification NGCC with MEA Combined Cycle (NGCC) Steam Power Plant USC IGCC Steam Power Plant with MEA Oxyfuel Chemical Looping Combustion IGCC with Cold Methane Chemical Looping Gasification Hydrogen Production Co-firing of Biomass Retrofit of SPP and IGCC Seite 22

23 Activities in the USA CCPI, Vision-21 and FutureGen Clean Power Initiative - US$ 2 billion over 10 years - SO 2, NO X, Hg Removal - IGCC - Advanced Materials Vision 21 - Future Gen: Gasification with CCS and use of Hydrogen for electricity transport refinery Seite 23

24 FutureGen - Project Gas Cleaning and Shift Conversion to H 2 CO 2 Separation H 2 Separation Seite 24

25 Technologies for CO 2 Reduction in Fossil Fuel Power Plants (USA) Improvement of Efficiency CO 2 -Capture Combustion Gasification Combined Cycle Steam Power Plant USC IGCC NGCC with MEA Steam Power Plant with MEA Oxyfuel Chemical Looping Combustion IGCC with Cold Methane Chemical Looping Gasification Hydrogen Production Cofiring of Biomass Retrofit of SPP and IGCC Seite 25

26 Activities in Australia COAL21 Seite 26

27 Technologies for CO 2 Reduction in Fossil Fuel Power Plants (Australia) Improvement of Efficiency CO 2 - Capture Combustion Gasification Combined Cycle (NGCC) Steam Power Plant USC IGCC NGCC with MEA Steam Power Plant with MEA Oxyfuel Chemical Looping Combustion IGCC with Cold Methane Chemical Looping Gasification Hydrogen Production Cofiring of Biomass Retrofit of SPP and IGCC Seite 27

28 Technologies for CO 2 Reduction in Fossil Fuel Power Plants Improvement of Efficiency CO 2 - Capture Combustion Gasification Combined Cycle (NGCC) Steam Power Plant USC IGCC NGCC with MEA Steam Power Plant with MEA Oxyfuel Chemical Looping Combustion IGCC with Cold Methane Chemical Looping Gasification Hydrogen Production Co-firing of Biomass Retrofit of SPP and IGCC Seite 28

29 Steam Power Plant (SPP) Seite 29

30 Necessary R&D Activities USC SPP Increase of steam parameters >300 bar; 700 C - Qualification of material for critical components (rotor of steam turbine; furnace wall tubes, heating surfaces and headers of the steam generator; live steam pipe) COMTES 700 (SPP Scholven F) (EU) Test-Rig Esbjerg (EU) Test-Rig Weisweiler (Germany) Komet 650 (Germany)... etc. - Cooling of steam turbine - Improvement of load cycle capability of the steam turbine Efficiency of the steam turbine Fuel pre-drying when using lignite Seite 30

31 Technologies for CO 2 Reduction in Fossil Fuel Power Plants Improvement of Efficiency CO 2 - Capture Combustion Gasification Combined Cycle (NGCC) Steam Power Plant USC IGCC NGCC with MEA Steam Power Plant with MEA Oxyfuel Chemical Looping Combustion IGCC with Cold Methane Chemical Looping Gasification Hydrogen Production Co-firing of Biomass Retrofit of SPP and IGCC Seite 31

32 Combined Cycle (NGCC) 1300 C Temperature T. Q zu,g. Q zu,s. Q ab,g Entropy s. Q ab,s 25 C Seite 32

33 Necessary R&D Activities NGCC Increase of GT inlet temperature - Development of reliable thermal protection layers for combustion chamber and turbine blading - New materials (e.g. austenitic rotor, TiAl blades) - Cooling management - Methods of life time assessment Improving the steam process by reducing the distance between steam temperature and flue gas temperature in the HRSG by more pressure levels and higher steam parameters up to SC Improvement of compression and expansion in turbomachines Flexible and stable combustion Seite 33

34 Technologies for CO 2 Reduction in Fossil Fuel Power Plants Improvement of Efficiency CO 2 - Capture Combustion Gasification Combined Cycle (NGCC) Steam Power Plant USC IGCC NGCC with MEA Steam Power Plant with MEA Oxyfuel Chemical Looping Combustion IGCC with Cold Methane Chemical Looping Gasification Hydrogen Production Co-firing of Biomass Retrofit of SPP and IGCC Seite 34

35 Oxyfuel-Process Air Separation Unit Flue gas Recycle N 2 2/3 Flue gas Drying Air O % CO 1/ % H 2 O 768 % NAr, 2 N 2, 3 % OAr, 2, O 2, 89 % CO 2 11 % Ar, N 2, O 2, Flue gas 33 % CO 2 67 % Ar, N 13 % 2, O 2, H 2 O nearly pure CO 2 87 % CO 2 - condensation Seite 35

36 Necessary R&D Activities Oxyfuel Degree of purity of the separated CO 2 - There is not only CO 2 and H 2 O in the flue gas - Furthermore there are ca % impurities in the dry CO 2 - Specification has to be done together with the Sequestration Community find a compromise solution Determination of phase equilibria for the different possible compositions of the dry flue gas (about 90% CO 2 ) Reduction of auxiliaries load caused by the air separation unit (about 100 MW) and the CO 2 separation unit ( about 50 MW) by a higher degree of integration [for 600 MW gross ] Internal design of the process (temperature and mass flow of the recycle; use of low calorific heat; ) Overall optimization of the process Seite 36

37 Technologies for CO 2 Reduction in Fossil Fuel Power Plants Improvement of Efficiency CO 2 - Capture Combustion Gasification Combined Cycle (NGCC) Steam Power Plant USC IGCC NGCC with MEA Steam Power Plant with MEA Oxyfuel Chemical Looping Combustion IGCC with Cold Methane Chemical Looping Gasification Hydrogen Production Co-firing of Biomass Retrofit of SPP and IGCC Seite 37

38 IGCC + CO 2 Capture Low pollutants emissions Incentives of IGCC for CO 2 capture pressurized process low volume flux, small unit sizes high CO 2 partial pressure effective scrubbing all components are proven (except H 2 turbine) Relative emissions Source: Nuon Fuel O 2 Gasification Concept of ZE-IGCC, ZE-IRCC Syngas cleaning CO-shift 10 m 3 /s, 45 vol % CO 2 CO 2 capture High effort in ZE-IGCC R&D on national and international level, public and industry Combined Cycle with H 2 turbine CO 2 ZE-IGCC: approx. 90% CO 2 capture Seite 38

39 Necessary R&D Activities IGCC + CO 2 Capture Development of a slim, highly available and costeffective IGCC concept - using the lessons learned from already built plants and - integrating the CO 2 separation technology COORIVA, COORAMENT, ENCAP Development and testing of low-no x GT burners for H 2 rich product gas ENCAP, VESKO Increase of the degree of integration of the GT into the overall process COORIVA Clarify the potential of allotherm gasification Seite 39

40 Technologies for CO 2 Reduction in Fossil Fuel Power Plants Improvement of Efficiency CO 2 - Capture Combustion Gasification Combined Cycle (NGCC) Steam Power Plant USC IGCC NGCC with MEA Steam Power Plant with MEA Oxyfuel Chemical Looping Combustion IGCC with Cold Methane Chemical Looping Gasification Hydrogen Production Co-firing of Biomass Retrofit of SPP and IGCC Seite 40

41 From C n H m - economy to H 2 - economy? today: use of coal, oil, natural gas tomorrow: use of hydrogen??? FutureGen follows that direction; similar ideas in Australia but also in Europe Hydrogen from Regenerative Sources like wind turbines, water turbines, geothermal, Hydrogen - economy will not be possible without coal gasification (like FutureGen) HYPOGEN Seite 41

42 Necessary R&D Activities Membrane technology Target - Reduction of auxiliaries load caused by the air separation unit and the CO 2 separation unit by doing the separation with membranes Status - different technologies for O 2 - and CO 2 -separation - long-term basic research For high temperature ceramic membranes the power plant process has to be organized around the membrane Oxycoal AC Seite 42

43 Basic Science-Technology Cycle for Macro-Innovations CO 2 capture technologies are in phase 1 Pilot plant Schwarze Pumpe brings up the Oxyfuel process to phase 2 How high should the funding rate be for such projects? < 50%?? Seite 43

44 World Energy Dialogue Thank you for your attention! Seite 44