30 years monitoring and managing of Typha minima Hoppe at the Tyrolean Lech river a key species of alpine rivers

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1 30 years monitoring and managing of Typha minima Hoppe at the Tyrolean Lech river a key species of alpine rivers Norbert Müller University of Applied Sciences Erfurt - Dep. Landscape Management & Restoration Ecology 5th June Forum alpinum 2018 A- Reutte, Breitenwang 1

2 30 years monitoring and managing of Typha minima Hoppe at the Tyrolean Lech river a key species of alpine rivers 1 Typha minima Hoppe - a key species of alpine rivers 2 Former and current distribution in the Alps 3 Managing the Lech population since Conservation status and -efforts in the Alps 5 Lessons 6 Literature Acknowledgements Cover Photo Toni Vorauer 2

3 1 Typha minima Hoppe - a key species of alpine rivers Key species: high indicator value on the quality of an ecosystem, easy identifiable highly endangered 3

4 1 Typha minima Hoppe - a key species of alpine rivers Key species of alpine rivers 4

5 1 Typha minima Hoppe - a key species of alpine rivers 7240* Alpine Pioneer-formations with Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae Veg. - Priority Habitat within the EU-Habitat-Directive 5

6 1 Typha minima Hoppe - a key species of alpine rivers Areal of Typha minima Hoppe (from Müller 1991) 6

7 2 Former and current distribution in the Alps from Prunier et al

8 2 Former and current distribution in the Alps Lech - Schongau - Andreas Bresinsky 1958 Lech Schongau Norbert Müller

9 2 Former and current distribution in the Alps Lech Unter-Pinswang Kieswerk Rhine estuary Bodensee (1989) until today - largest population in Austria 9

10 2 Former and current distribution in the Alps Giffre - Taninges, France Durance - Ebrum, France

11 3 Managing Lech population discovery 1989 Kieswerk U- Pinswang

12 3 Managing Lech population Kick off species action program Kieswerk U- Pinswang

13 3 Managing Lech population species action program 2003 Aims 1. Protect and manage the last Typha minima Lech population 2. Reintroduction 3 populations with at least 2000 individuals each Typha minima Hoppe (Müller 1990) 13

14 3 Managing Lech population species action program 2003 Implementation 1. Inventory and risk assessment 2. Management of the 2 natural sub-populations 3. Ex-situ culture 4. Research population biology incl. genetics 5. In-situ culture gravel pit Unter-Pinswang 6. Reintroduction with cultivated plants (1 year) & seeds 7. Monitoring 9. Documentation and publication 10. Environmental education and public relations Natural Populationen 2003 Reintroductions since

15 3 Managing Lech population species action program Management of the 2 natural sub-populations 2003 Unterpinswang 2004 Deforestation

16 3 Managing Lech population species action program 2003 Ex-situ culture Research population biology Gewächshaus der FH Erfurt (2017) 16

17 3 Managing Lech population species action program In-situ culture gravel pit Unter- Pinswang 17

18 6-Jahre alte In-situ Kultur im Kieswerk Unter Pinswang (2010)) 18

19 3 Managing Lech population species action program Giffre Rhone Zürich Lech Rhein Glenner Drau Population biology & genetics Dora Riparia Durance Genetische Gruppen innerhalb der untersuchten Rohrkolbenbestände, gegliedert in acht genetische Gruppen. Die Farben illustrieren in jedem Balken die entsprechende Zuordnungswahrscheinlichkeit für jedes Individuum eines Bestandes. Zahlen: Populationsnummern; 17: Kieswerk Unterpinswang; 18: Unterpinswanger Au. 19

20 3 Managing Lech population species action program Giffre Rhone Lech Zürich Rhein Glenner Drau Population biology & genetics Dora Riparia Durance Each river system own genetic group At rivers with small populations - clonality reproduction is dominating Small sub-populations reduced genetic diversity and reduced fittness 20

21 3 Managing Lech population Reintroduction method with seeds cultivated plants 21

22 3 Managing Lech population species action program Monitoring subpopulations and permanent plots - estimating shoot number 1. Kieswerk Unterpinswang Tp 0 Ehemaliger Kiesteich Tp 1 Alter Kiesteich Tp 2 a Umlaufgrab en Tp 3 Auwald (spontane Ausbreitung ) counting blossom cobs Tp 5 unterhalb Sohlrampe (spontane Ausbreitung seit 2008l) Kieswerk Unterpinswang nat Kieswerk Unterpinswang Insitu Tp 2 b In situ (Anpflanz (114) Tp 2 b In situ (Anpflanz (180) Tp 2 b In situ (Anpflanz (60) Tp 4 Umlaufgraben (Ansaat 2004) Kieswerk Unterpinswang Insitu Unter-Pinswang Aue Tp 1 südl.schnei se Tp 2 nördl. 22

23 3 Managing Lech population species action program Monitoring sub-populations - summarized 23

24 24 Lech Tyrol near Weißenbach 2006

25 4 Conservation status and - efforts in the Alps Foundation of the International Typha minima Group Bregenz

26 4 Conservation status and -efforts in the Alps Natural and reintroduced populations of Typha minima the Alps (Müller 2016) 26

27 4 Conservation status and -efforts in the Alps Evaluation of documented reintroduction projects in the Alps for Typha minima and Myricaria 27

28 5 Lessons Biology of Typha minima Reintroduction of key species River restoration Restoration ecology 28

29 5 Lessons for the reintroduction of key species 29

30 5 Lessons for the reintroduction of key species Habitat quality natureless, seize & connectivity -> metapopulation Tiroler Lech Forchach Foto Toni Vorauer 30

31 5 Lessons for the reintroduction of key species Reintroduction method seeds, rhizomes (cuttings Myricaria) young plants? 31

32 5 Lessons for the reintroduction of key species Reintroduction method planting design 32

33 5 Lessons for the reintroduction of key species Origin, quality and quantity of plant material Rhein (8) Rhein (11) Rheinmündung (12) Lech (17) Lech (18) Drau (20) S B 2 B S B S B 3 B 5 B B 6 B G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G D D D D D D D D D D D 13 D D D D D D D D D D D D D H L L H L Q 17 Q L L E Q 4 L H Q 11 1 E L 13 H Q Q H K K K K K K 7 K K K K C K K K C K K K K K K K C E G E G L F L F L J D 1 C D A D C C D H B D D D A B D H B 4 K K K K J 2 L K L K E C C 5 K K K J K K E K K K Q A Q F Q 6 Q Q M Q Q 15 C Q Q Q 9 F H B Q E H Q C F F F F F E F F F F F 6 F F F F F F F 5 F E 4 F F N N M J P K 21 N N K P N K N 26 P M 40 M P F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 2 F F F F F F F F F A B B 4 B 9 F B 6 7 F 11 G B B H B A G 12 I I A F A A M D 3 M 12 M J K 7 R 8 N 5 B K 2 10 J B 14 D H P F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F O 25 I 43 R R 20 R 33 O Q I H 36 R H Q F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F D D D D 8 D D D D D D D D D D D 1 D D D D D D D D I I D R G O I P D O G D N N A P P P G 16 P F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F K 24 K 41 D K F F F F F F F F F F D D D D D H D D D D G G B 2 J J H B D J 33

34 5 Lessons for the reintroduction of key species Origin, quality and quantity of plant material at least 100 young plants each gravel bar 34

35 5 Lessons for the reintroduction of key species Frequence of reintroduction (vgl. Goidefroid et al 2010) 35

36 5 Lessons for river restoration Implementation of the EU Habitat and Water Directive ?? 36

37 5 Lessons for river restoration Central question of river restoration can we reach the goal? Minimum viable population seize??? Minimum seize of dynamic floodplains??? Minimum habitat seize for key species??? 37

38 5 Lessons for river restoration Lech 2 Life projects Drau - 2 Life projects 38

39 6 Literature Baur P A, Egger G, Lautsch E & Schmidtlein S (2015) Ökologie und Entwicklung des Zwerg- Rohrkolbens (Typha minima Funk ex Hoppe): Die Wiederansiedlung im Europaschutzgebiet Obere Drau (Österreich). Tuexenia 37: Csencsics D & Müller N (2015) Die Bedeutung der genetischen Vielfalt bei Wiederansiedelungsprojekten - Untersuchungen am Zwerg-Rohrkolben (Typha minima) im Naturpark Tiroler Lech. ANLiegen Natur 37: Goidefroid S et al. (2011) How successful are plant species reintroductions? Biological Conservation 144: Harzer R, Müller N, Reich M & Kollmann J (2018) Potentialstudie zur Wiederansiedlung von Wildflussarten. Im Auftrag des WWF Deutschland, Berlin 58 S und Anhang online Müller N (1991) Verbreitung, Vergesellschaftung und Rückgang des Zwergrohrkolbens (Typha minima Hoppe). - Hoppea 50: Müller N (1995) Wandel von Flora und Vegetation nordalpiner Wildflußlandschaften unter dem Einfluß des Menschen. Ber. ANL 19: Müller N (2007) Zur Wiederansiedelung des Zwergrohrkolbens (Typha minima Hoppe) in den Alpen - eine Zielart alpiner Flusslandschaften. Natur in Tirol, Bd. 13:

40 Acknowledgements