AAST. und weitere kindgerechte Hörtestverfahren. Prof. Dr. Ir. Frans Coninx

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1 AAST und weitere kindgerechte Hörtestverfahren Prof. Dr. Ir. Frans Coninx Institut für Audiopädagogik An-Institut der Universität zu Köln Solingen-Ohligs

2 AAST = speech audiometry 1. What type of speech (stimulus)? sentence, word, phoneme 2. What type of re-action (response)? 3. What result (output) SRT: db 50% recognition fixed db level 4. Quiet and noise What types of noise (CCITT, SSN-speaker, fluctuating noise)

3 1. Speech type Erber matrix Tones & Noise bands Phonemes & Syllables words Sentences & Conn.discourse Detection Pure Tone Audiometry Discrimination (TTT) Identification mfast duotone TTT AAST OLSA / OLKISA Recognition

4 mfast multifrequency Animal Sound Test (BELLS und AuriCheck ) Jede Tierstimme hat ein eigenen spektraler Schwerpunkt: 500, 1k, 2k and 4k (Hz) Stimuli für Kind tagtäglicher als reine Töne Keine Einflüsse von Feinstruktur Vier unabhängige adaptive Kurven 4 Hörschwellen

5 duotone Test (BELLS ) wie mfast drei statt vier Alternativen: Stille, einen (tiefen) Ton, drei (hohe) Töne Optional: Terzbänder oder Sinustöne Ergebniss: Hörschwellen bei 2 Frequenzen (Dauer ca 20 Sek pro Frequenz)

6 1. Speech type Erber matrix Tones & Noise bands Phonemes & Syllables words Sentences & Conn.discourse Detection Pure Tone Audiometry Discrimination (TTT) Identification mfast TTT AAST OLSA / OLKISA Recognition

7 1. Speech type A. Sentence level Pro Realistic, daily life High redundancy steep speech audiogram Contra: Several non-audiological subskills involved: Linguistic skills (morpho-syntactic redundancy) vocabulary (many words involved) Working memory Top-down processes (closing gaps in reduced bottom-up stream) Speech skills: sentence needs to be repeated (test leader) limited options to test in a foreign language

8 1. Speech type B. word level Pro More directly related to peripheral auditory skills (less influences by more central skills) Picture pointing task possible Minimal influence of higher cognitive-linguistc skills, like active vocabulary, working memory, speech production, Includes top-down processes (like in daily life) (test leader) free options to test in a foreign language Software: automated, fast, motivating Special tests possible: tone pattern (Chinese, Vietnamese) of HF (high frequency phonemes) Contra: Less steep speech audiogram

9 Zentrale Prozesse Spracherkennung Ohr Hörbahn Lücken schließen Bottomup Topdown

10 1. Speech type C. Phoneme level Pro Very detailed, specific information Common language-independant basic test possible Extra language-specific components No influence of vocabulary and morpho-syntaxical skills Contra: Response format: based on articulation or phonemegrapheme correspondence Not very motivating Unclear application of Speech-in Noise

11 AAST = speech audiometry 1. What type of speech (stimulus)? sentence, word, phoneme 2. What type of re-action (response)? 3. What result (output) SRT: db 50% recognition fixed db level 4. Quiet and noise What types of noise (CCITT, SSN-speaker, fluctuating noise)

12 AAST Adaptiver Auditiver SprachTest PC- Spiel in multiple-choice (N=6) Screening: N=4 eine äquivalente, häufig sogar die bessere Alternative Wort Bild Wort - Bild durch zeigen/klicken (nachsprechen nicht unbedingt nötig) Wortprosodie gleich, Phonemische Kontraste maximal Ergebniss - nach ca. 1 Minute: Spracherkennungsschwelle (SRT) in db

13 AAST = Adaptive Auditory Speech Test 1. Words/Stimuli: A. How many (9, 6, 4)? B. Selection criteria for these words C. Match Frequency of Occurrence D. Internal balancing and confusion matrices E. Next/Repeat functions (difficult-to-test children) 2. Pictures/Responses: A. Choice and layout of pictures B. Touch, click directly on screen C. Point on picture card or repeat the word (test leader touches, clicks) D. Timing parameters, time-out 3...

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15 AAST = Adaptive Auditory Speech Test 1 All words (within a set) have the same prosody Examples (Set1) Sw: Strong and weak syllable (Set2) wsw: three syllables, first syllable stressed phonemes per word 3 Maximally different on phoneme level 4 In vocabulary of 4 year old children 5 Clear picture available 6 HF set: words differ minimally and only in unvoiced highfrequency phonemes (s, f, t, p etc) Possible alternative: Create double-words Used in Ghanaian-English: big-tree, old-man, black-start, red-fish, one-key,...

16 Polish Dutch English Spanish Chinese

17 plosive st.haft plosive st.los nasale tremulant lateral frikativ affrikat hauchlaut Vokale

18 internal balancing Intensity psychometrische Kurven der 6 AAST Wörter Psychometric curves for each of the 6 words. 20 for each language and condition (quiet, noise) 0 % richtig N= trials db HL

19 AAST = Adaptive Auditory Speech Test 1. Words/Stimuli: A. How many (9, 6, 4)? B. Selection criteria for these words C. Match Frequency of Occurrence D. Internal balancing and confusion matrices E. Next/Repeat functions (difficult-to-test children) 2. Pictures/Responses: A. Choice and layout of pictures B. Touch, click directly on screen C. Point on picture card or repeat the word (test leader touches, clicks) D. Timing parameters, time-out 3...

20 Norm/reference values AAST - age dependent norm values Very similar in different languages at age 4;0 about +10 db SRT in db re NH Poland Germany Explanation: 6 Ghana Better concentration 4 Phonemic awareness (topdown closing of bottom-up gaps) age (years)

21 Einige Ergebnisse

22 Ergebnisse SRT-Werte IFFM90 stärker altersabhängig als SSN IFFM90 im Durchschnitt 15 db niedriger als SSN Kinder x = 13,2 db Erwachsenen x = 17.2 db Zwei besondere Probanden: 4J Kind mit AVWS: SSN normal IFFM90 22 db erhöht db SNR SRT SSN (blue) / IFFM90 (red) Erwachsene mit V.a. ANP: -30 SSN 2 db erhöht IFFM db erhöht age (years)

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24 BELLS= Battery for the Evaluation of Listening and Language Skills Multi Frequency Animal Sound Test (mfast) Adaptive frequency specific threshold measurement (PTA: 500, 1k, 2k, 4k) Adaptive Auditory Speech Test (AAST) Automized-adaptive speech recognition threshold (SRT); pointing response In quiet and in noise; standard and high-frequency specific version Phoneme discrimination test (Tee Taa Too) Vowel and consonant discrimination in selected subcategories (vowels, fricatives etc)

25 BELLS Battery for the Evaluation of Listening and Language Skills Multi Frequency Animal Sound Test (mfast) Adaptive frequency specific threshold measurement (PTA: 500, 1k, 2k, 4k) Adaptive Auditory Speech Test (AAST) Automized-adaptive speech recognition threshold (SRT); pointing response In quiet and in noise; standard and high-frequency specific version Phoneme discrimination test (Tee Taa Too) Vowel and consonant discrimination in selected subcategories (vowels, fricatives etc)

26 Phonemverarbeitung (Phonologische Bewusstheit) Können einzelne Sprachlaute gehört (A), unterschieden (B) und identifiziert (C) werden? Drei Ebenen: (A) und (B) als subjektive Testverfahren bereits ab ca. 6.Lebensmonat durchführbar (u.a. mit VRA, APA, TROCA) (C) schwieriger: Wiederholen/nachsprechen (Interferenz mit Entwicklung der Artikulation bzw. des Sprechens) Mit Buchstaben verknüpfen (Interferenz mit Phonem-Graphem- Kopplung Rechtschreibleistung) Neu: titatu (TTT)

27 Diskriminationstests: Bereits ab Alter 6 Monate möglich, jedoch mit Viel Zeitaufwand Erfahrene, qualifizierte Testleiter deswegen nicht für Screening geeignet. Beispiele: Nuckelrateverfahren (Forschung) VRA, u.a. das A E-Verfahren aus Belgien (Govaerts et al) Diskriminationstests: Ab ca. 4 Jahren: TTT (titatu)

28 too tü tö tö to

29 AuriCheck Multi Frequency Animal Sound Test (mfast) Adaptive frequency specific threshold measurement (PTA: 500, 1k, 2k, 4k) Adaptive Auditory Speech Test (AAST) Automized-adaptive speech recognition threshold (SRT); pointing response In quiet and in noise; standard and high-frequency specific version Phoneme discrimination test (Tee Taa Too) Vowel and consonant discrimination in selected subcategories (vowels, fricatives etc)