China. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit GTZ

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Tobias Langenberg
vor 6 Jahren
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1 Rural Financial Sector Reform in China Thorsten Giehler Asia Forum on Financial Sector Reforms in China, Frankfurt 26 Oct, 2004

the public implementing agency and consulting firm for development

2 Who is GTZ? The German Agency for Technical Cooperation (Headoffice, nearby Frankfurt) is the public implementing agency and consulting firm for development co-operation working on behalf of the German government Established: 1975 Staff: 10,000 Turnover (2003): 875m Projects: >2000 in more than 100 countries p. 2

3 Some Projects and experiences in Asia Mongolia, India: Assisting in the reform of agricultural development banks Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand: Introducing new savings and credit products in state owned banks Kirgistan, Vietnam: Assisting the reform of credit cooperatives China: Advising People s Bank of China in the rural financial sector reform, advising the State Council on various laws (e.g. bancruptcy law, securities and investment funds law, SME promotion law) p. 3

4 Challenges in rural China The problem of the three 农 Nong Challenge of regional disparities Challenge of rural poor Financing rural households, agriculture and SME China faces an east-west, urban-rural and public-private divide p. 4

5 1. Challenge: Financing agriculture Environmental aspects & natural uncertainties International price fluctuations Higher transaction costs Seasonality and specific credit demand Collateral problems Farm household characteristics Political intrusion p. 5

6 2. Challenge: Financing SME Credit crunch for non-state local enterprises Lack of capability to offer cash-flow based lending products Lack of business development services Unsustainable credit guarantee funds p. 6

7 Rural Finance in China Supply Side by institutions Rural Area Rural Credit Cooperatives (RCC) Policy Banks (Agricultural Development Bank of China) Postal Savings Banks State Commercial Banks (Agricultural Bank of China) Buyer & Supplier Informal Arrangements (He Hui) Semi-formal Microcredit Institutions Urban Area State Commercial Banks (BoC, CCB, ICBC, ABC) Joint Stock Commercial Banks and foreign banks City Commercial Banks Postal Savings Banks Policy Banks Informal Moneylender p. 7

8 Profile of major formal financial institutions in rural China Rural Credit Cooperatives 30,000 RCCs 10% of all assets, 11% of all liabilities ABC State-owned commercial bank Finances agribusiness Withdraw from countryside (10% of portfolio in agriculture) Postal Savings Banks Savings only ADBC Policy bank Purchases agricultural products p. 8

9 Challenges in rural finance Weak financial infrastructure Exodus of formal financial institutions (from more than 30,000 branches of the four state-owned banks were closed) RCCs are becoming monopolist even though having a low performance Only 25% of rural households and firms have access to formal credit Access of non-state enterprises to formal loans is limited p. 9

10 Reforming rural finance: the outstanding task Reforming the RCCs Major problems Unclear property rights (negative equity) High level of NPL (30-40%) No regional or national network No settlement is allowed No co-operative finance law Staff capacity Range of financial products p. 10

11 Reforming rural finance: the outstanding task Reforming the RCCs Many changes but no solution Until 1997 RCC were part of the ABC Independent under guidance and supervision of People s Bank of China Since 2003 under guidance of the Banking Supervision (CBRC) Pilot Reform in 8 provinces since 2003 p. 11

12 Reforming rural finance: the outstanding task Reforming rural finance in China Proposals Establish a multi-tier cooperative system (grassroot cooperatives, shareholding apex institutions, self supervision and services) international success stories like Raiffeisen or Rabo Bank Write off of NPL Individual commercialisation Introduce a new legal entity for (micro)credit provision, competition is needed Productive use of Postal Savings Banks deposits Incentives for state commercial and foreign banks to open or keep branches (minimum requirements) Capacity building to develop new lending patterns p. 12

13 Thank you for your attention! 谢谢! Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg Eschborn Germany p. 13

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