ggt (a, b, c) kgv (a, b, c) a b c d e f P w = p G G = Pw 100 p = Pw 100 a b c d

ggt (a, b) kgv (a, b) ggt (a, b, c) kgv (a, b, c) a b c d a b c d e f P w = G 00 G = Pw 00 = Pw 00 G

P w = G 000 G = Pw 000 = Pw 000 G E = q A A = E q = E A

,,, 7,,, 7, 9,, 9,, 7, 4, 4, 47,, 9, 6, 67, 7, 7, 79, 8, 89, 97, 0, 0, 07... = 0 = 40 = 7 4 4 + + = 6 6 V (4) = {4; 8; ; 6; 0; 4; 8; ; 6; 40; 44; 48..} V (6) = {6; ; 8; 4; 0; 6; 4; 48; 4; 60; 66; 7; 78; 84..} V () = {; 6; 9; ; ; 8; ; 4; 7; 0; ; 6; 9; 4; 4..} T (6) = {; ; ; 4; 6; 9; ; 8; 6} T (4) = {; ; ; 4; 6; 8; ; 4} T (4) = {; ; ; 6; 7; 4; ; 4} (; 8) = 6 8 (; 8) (; 8) = = 6

ggt (a, b) kgv (a, b) (; 8) = 6 8 (; 8) (; 8) = = 6 ggt (a, b) kgv (a, b) a = 4 b = 8 a = b = a = b = a = 4 b = 4 a = 6 b = 9 a = 4 b = 6 a = 9 b = a = 8 b = 4 a = 8 b = a = 0 b = 4 a = 4 b = a = b = 4 a = 8 b = a = b = 6 a = 6 b = 4 a = b = 6 a = 6 b = 4 a = 4 b = a = 40 b = a = 40 b = 96 a = 4 b = a = 4 b = 0 a = 46 b = 0 a = 4 b = 68 a = 40 b = 68 a = 96 b = 4

ggt (a, b) kgv (a, b) 8 = 4 = V () = {; 4; 6; 84; 0; 6; 47; 68; 89; 0; ; ; 7; 94; ; 6; 7; 78; 99} V () = {; 6; 9; ; ; 8; ; 4; 7; 0; ; 6; 9; 4; 4; 48; ; 4; 7} (8; 4) = = 4 (8; 4) = = 8 T (8) = {; ; 4; 8} T (4) = {; ; 4} V (8) = {8; 6; 4; ; 40; 48; 6; 64; 7; 80; 88; 96; 04; ; 0; 8; 6; 44; } V (4) = {4; 8; ; 6; 0; 4; 8; ; 6; 40; 44; 48; ; 6; 60; 64; 68; 7; 76} 4 = 4 = (4; 4) = = 4 (4; 4) = = 4 T (4) = {; ; ; 4; 6; 8; ; 4} T (4) = {; ; 4} = = V (4) = {4; 48; 7; 96; 0; 44; 68; 9; 6; 40; 64; 88; ; 6; 60; 84; 408; 4; 46} V (4) = {4; 8; ; 6; 0; 4; 8; ; 6; 40; 44; 48; ; 6; 60; 64; 68; 7; 76} (; ) = = (; ) = = T () = {; ; ; 4; 6; } T () = {; } V () = {; 4; 6; 48; 60; 7; 84; 96; 08; 0; ; 44; 6; 68; 80; 9; 04; 6; 8} V () = {; 4; 6; 8; 0; ; 4; 6; 8; 0; ; 4; 6; 8; 0; ; 4; 6; 8} 9 = 6 = (9; 6) = = (9; 6) = = 8 T (9) = {; ; 9} T (6) = {; ; ; 6} V (9) = {9; 8; 7; 6; 4; 4; 6; 7; 8; 90; 99; 08; 7; 6; ; 44; ; 6; 7} V (6) = {6; ; 8; 4; 0; 6; 4; 48; 4; 60; 66; 7; 78; 84; 90; 96; 0; 08; 4} = 7 = (; ) = = (; ) = 7 = T () = {; ; 7; } T () = {; } 6 = 4 = (6; 4) = = (6; 4) = = 7

ggt (a, b) kgv (a, b) T (6) = {; ; ; 4; 6; 9; ; 8; 6} T (4) = {; ; ; 4; 6; 8; ; 4} V (6) = {6; 7; 08; 44; 80; 6; ; 88; 4; 60; 96; 4; 468; 04; 40; 76; 6; 648; 684} V (4) = {4; 48; 7; 96; 0; 44; 68; 9; 6; 40; 64; 88; ; 6; 60; 84; 408; 4; 46} = 8 = (; 8) = = 4 (; 8) = = 4 T () = {; ; ; 4; 6; } T (8) = {; ; 4; 8} V () = {; 4; 6; 48; 60; 7; 84; 96; 08; 0; ; 44; 6; 68; 80; 9; 04; 6; 8} V (8) = {8; 6; 4; ; 40; 48; 6; 64; 7; 80; 88; 96; 04; ; 0; 8; 6; 44; } = 7 9 = (; 9) = = (; 9) = 7 = 6 T () = {; ; 7; } T (9) = {; ; 9} V () = {; 4; 6; 84; 0; 6; 47; 68; 89; 0; ; ; 7; 94; ; 6; 7; 78; 99} V (9) = {9; 8; 7; 6; 4; 4; 6; 7; 8; 90; 99; 08; 7; 6; ; 44; ; 6; 7} 4 = 7 0 = (4; 0) = = (4; 0) = 7 = 70 T (4) = {; ; 7; 4} T (0) = {; ; ; 0} V (4) = {4; 8; 4; 6; 70; 84; 98; ; 6; 40; 4; 68; 8; 96; 0; 4; 8; ; 66} V (0) = {0; 0; 0; 40; 0; 60; 70; 80; 90; 00; 0; 0; 0; 40; 0; 60; 70; 80; 90} 4 = 8 = (4; 8) = = 6 (4; 8) = = 7 T (4) = {; ; ; 4; 6; 8; ; 4} T (8) = {; ; ; 6; 9; 8} V (4) = {4; 48; 7; 96; 0; 44; 68; 9; 6; 40; 64; 88; ; 6; 60; 84; 408; 4; 46} V (8) = {8; 6; 4; 7; 90; 08; 6; 44; 6; 80; 98; 6; 4; ; 70; 88; 06; 4; 4} = 4 = (; 4) = = (; 4) = = 49 T () = {; ; ; } T (4) = {; ; ; 9; ; 4} V () = {; 0; 6; 0; 7; 0; 8; 440; 49; 0; 60; 660; 7; 770; 8; 880; 9; 990; 04} V (4) = {4; 90; ; 80; ; 70; ; 60; 40; 40; 49; 40; 8; 60; 67; 70; 76; 80; 8}

ggt (a, b) kgv (a, b) V (6) = {6; 4; 486; 648; 80; 97; 4; 96; 48; 60; 78; 944; 06; 68; 40; 9; 74; 96; 078} V () = {; 4; 6; 48; 60; 7; 84; 96; 08; 0; ; 44; 6; 68; 80; 9; 04; 6; 8} 4 = = (= (4; ) = = T (4) = {; ; 4} T () = {; } V (4) = {4; 8; ; 6; 0; 4; 8; ; 6; 40; 44; 48; ; 6; 60; 64; 68; 7; 76} V () = {; 6; 9; ; ; 8; ; 4; 7; 0; ; 6; 9; 4; 4; 48; ; 4; 7} 4 = 7 6 = (4; 6) = = (4; 6) = 7 = 4 T (4) = {; ; 7; 4} T (6) = {; ; ; 6} V (4) = {4; 8; 4; 6; 70; 84; 98; ; 6; 40; 4; 68; 8; 96; 0; 4; 8; ; 66} V (6) = {6; ; 8; 4; 0; 6; 4; 48; 4; 60; 66; 7; 78; 84; 90; 96; 0; 08; 4} = 8 = (; 8) = = 6 (; 8) = = 6 T () = {; ; ; 4; 6; } T (8) = {; ; ; 6; 9; 8} V () = {; 4; 6; 48; 60; 7; 84; 96; 08; 0; ; 44; 6; 68; 80; 9; 04; 6; 8} V (8) = {8; 6; 4; 7; 90; 08; 6; 44; 6; 80; 98; 6; 4; ; 70; 88; 06; 4; 4} 6 = = (= (6; ) = = 0 T (6) = {; ; ; 6} T () = {; } V (6) = {6; ; 8; 4; 0; 6; 4; 48; 4; 60; 66; 7; 78; 84; 90; 96; 0; 08; 4} V () = {; 0; ; 0; ; 0; ; 40; 4; 0; ; 60; 6; 70; 7; 80; 8; 90; 9} 6 = = (6; ) = = 6 (6; ) = = 4 T (6) = {; ; ; 6; 9; 8; 7; 4; 8; 6} T () = {; ; ; 4; 6; } 4 = 7 6 = 7 (4; 6) = 7 = 4 (4; 6) = 7 = 68

ggt (a, b) kgv (a, b) T (4) = {; ; ; 6; 7; 4; ; 4} T (6) = {; ; 4; 7; 8; 4; 8; 6} V (4) = {4; 84; 6; 68; 0; ; 94; 6; 78; 40; 46; 04; 46; 88; 60; 67; 74; 76; 798} V (6) = {6; ; 68; 4; 80; 6; 9; 448; 04; 60; 66; 67; 78; 784; 840; 896; 9; 008; 064} 96 = 40 = (96; 40) = = 8 (96; 40) = = 480 T (96) = {; ; ; 4; 6; 8; ; 6; 4; ; 48; 96} T (40) = {; ; 4; ; 8; 0; 0; 40} V (96) = {96; 9; 88; 84; 480; 76; 67; 768; 864; 960; 06; ; 48; 44; 440; 6; 6; 78; 84} V (40) = {40; 80; 0; 60; 00; 40; 80; 0; 60; 400; 440; 480; 0; 60; 600; 640; 680; 70; 760} = 4 = (= (; 4) = = 0 T () = {; } T (4) = {; ; 4} V () = {; 0; ; 0; ; 0; ; 40; 4; 0; ; 60; 6; 70; 7; 80; 8; 90; 9} V (4) = {4; 8; ; 6; 0; 4; 8; ; 6; 40; 44; 48; ; 6; 60; 64; 68; 7; 76} = 4 = (; 4) = = 8 (; 4) = = 96 T () = {; ; 4; 8; 6; } T (4) = {; ; ; 4; 6; 8; ; 4} V () = {; 64; 96; 8; 60; 9; 4; 6; 88; 0; ; 84; 46; 448; 480; ; 44; 76; 608} V (4) = {4; 48; 7; 96; 0; 44; 68; 9; 6; 40; 64; 88; ; 6; 60; 84; 408; 4; 46} = 40 = (; 40) = = (; 40) = = 40 T () = {; } T (40) = {; ; 4; ; 8; 0; 0; 40} V () = {; 0; ; 0; ; 0; ; 40; 4; 0; ; 60; 6; 70; 7; 80; 8; 90; 9} V (40) = {40; 80; 0; 60; 00; 40; 80; 0; 60; 400; 440; 480; 0; 60; 600; 640; 680; 70; 760} 0 = 4 = (0; 4) = = (0; 4) = = 40 T (0) = {; ; ; 4; ; 6; 8; 0; ; ; 0; 4; 0; 40; 60; 0} T (4) = {; ; ; ; ; 4} V (0) = {0; 40; 60; 480; 600; 70; 840; 960; 080; 00; 0; 440; 60; 680; 800; 90; 040; 60; 80} V (4) = {4; 484; 76; 968; 0; 4; 694; 96; 78; 40; 66; 904; 46; 88; 60; 87; 44; 46; 498}

ggt (a, b) kgv (a, b) 0 = 46 = 4 (0; 46) = = 6 (0; 46) = 4 = 490 T (0) = {; ; ; 4; ; 6; 8; 0; ; ; 0; 4; 0; 40; 60; 0} T (46) = {; ; ; 6; 4; 8; ; 46} V (0) = {0; 40; 60; 480; 600; 70; 840; 960; 080; 00; 0; 440; 60; 680; 800; 90; 040; 60; 80} V (46) = {46; 49; 78; 984; 0; 476; 7; 968; 4; 460; 706; 9; 98; 444; 690; 96; 48; 448; 4674} 68 = 7 40 = 7 (68; 40) = = 4 (68; 40) = 7 7 = 480 T (68) = {; ; ; 4; 6; 7; 8; ; 4; ; 4; 8; 4; 6; 84; 68} T (40) = {; ; 4; ; 0; 7; 0; 4; 68; 8; 70; 40} V (68) = {68; 6; 04; 67; 840; 008; 76; 44; ; 680; 848; 06; 84; ; 0; 688; 86; 04; 9} V (40) = {40; 680; 00; 60; 700; 040; 80; 70; 060; 400; 740; 4080; 440; 4760; 00; 440; 780; 60; 6460} 68 = 7 4 = 7 (68; 4) = = (68; 4) = 7 7 = 86 T (68) = {; ; ; 4; 6; 7; 8; ; 4; ; 4; 8; 4; 6; 84; 68} T (4) = {; ; 7; 4} 4 = 7 96 = (4; 96) = = (4; 96) = 7 = 6 T (4) = {; ; 7; 4} T (96) = {; ; ; 4; 6; 8; ; 6; 4; ; 48; 96} V (68) = {68; 6; 04; 67; 840; 008; 76; 44; ; 680; V (4) = {4; 68; 0; 6; 70; 04; 8; 7; 06; 40; 848; 06; 84; ; 0; 688; 86; 04; 9} 74; 408; 44; 476; 0; 44; 78; 6; 646} V (4) = {4; 68; 0; 6; 70; 04; 8; 7; 06; 40; V (96) = {96; 9; 88; 84; 480; 76; 67; 768; 864; 960; 74; 408; 44; 476; 0; 44; 78; 6; 646} 06; ; 48; 44; 440; 6; 6; 78; 84}

ggt (a, b, c) kgv (a, b, c) ggt (a, b, c) kgv (a, b, c) a = 8 b = c = 6 a = 4 b = 6 c = 48 a = 4 b = 4 c = 6 a = 8 b = c = 40 a = 8 b = c = 48 a = 40 b = 7 c = 4 a = b = c = 6 a = b = 7 c = 0 a = 4 b = 7 c = 0

ggt (a, b, c) kgv (a, b, c) 6 = = 8 = (6; ; 8) = (6; ; 8) = = (6; ; 8) = = T (6) = {; ; ; 6} T () = {; ; ; 4; 6; } T (8) = {; ; 4; 8} V (6) = {6; ; 78; 04; 0; 6; 8; 08; 4; 60; 86; ; 8; 64; 90; 46; 44; 468; 494} V () = {; 4; 6; 48; 60; 7; 84; 96; 08; 0; ; 44; 6; 68; 80; 9; 04; 6; 8} V (8) = {8; 6; 4; ; 40; 48; 6; 64; 7; 80; 88; 96; 04; ; 0; 8; 6; 44; } 48 = 6 = 4 = (48; 6; 4) = (48; 6; 4) = = 4 (48; 6; 4) = = 48 T (48) = {; ; ; 4; 6; 8; ; 6; 4; 48} T (6) = {; ; 4; 8; 6} T (4) = {; ; 4} V (48) = {48; 96; 44; 9; 40; 88; 6; 84; 4; 480; 8; 76; 64; 67; 70; 768; 86; 864; 9} V (6) = {6; ; 48; 64; 80; 96; ; 8; 44; 60; 76; 9; 08; 4; 40; 6; 7; 88; 04} V (4) = {4; 8; ; 6; 0; 4; 8; ; 6; 40; 44; 48; ; 6; 60; 64; 68; 7; 76} 6 = 4 = 4 = (6; 4; 4) = (6; 4; 4) = = (6; 4; 4) = = 60 T (6) = {; ; ; 6} T (4) = {; ; ; 4; 6; 8; ; 4} T (4) = {; ; ; 9; ; 4} V (6) = {6; ; 8; 4; 0; 6; 4; 48; 4; 60; 66; 7; 78; 84; 90; 96; 0; 08; 4} V (4) = {4; 48; 7; 96; 0; 44; 68; 9; 6; 40; 64; 88; ; 6; 60; 84; 408; 4; 46} V (4) = {4; 90; ; 80; ; 70; ; 60; 40; 40; 49; 40; 8; 60; 67; 70; 76; 80; 8} 40 = = 8 = (40; ; 8) = (40; ; 8) = = (40; ; 8) = = 60 T (40) = {; ; 4; ; 8; 0; 0; 40} T () = {; ; ; 4; 6; } T (8) = {; ; ; 6; 9; 8} V (40) = {40; 80; 0; 60; 00; 40; 80; 0; 60; 400; 440; 480; 0; 60; 600; 640; 680; 70; 760} V () = {; 4; 6; 48; 60; 7; 84; 96; 08; 0; ; 44; 6; 68; 80; 9; 04; 6; 8} V (8) = {8; 6; 4; 7; 90; 08; 6; 44; 6; 80; 98; 6; 4; ; 70; 88; 06; 4; 4} 48 = = 8 = (48; ; 8) = (48; ; 8) = = 6 (48; ; 8) = = 44 T (48) = {; ; ; 4; 6; 8; ; 6; 4; 48} T () = {; ; ; 4; 6; } T (8) = {; ; ; 6; 9; 8} V (48) = {48; 96; 44; 9; 40; 88; 6; 84; 4; 480; 8; 76; 64; 67; 70; 768; 86; 864; 9} V () = {; 4; 6; 48; 60; 7; 84; 96; 08; 0; ; 44; 6; 68; 80; 9; 04; 6; 8} V (8) = {8; 6; 4; 7; 90; 08; 6; 44; 6; 80;

ggt (a, b, c) kgv (a, b, c) 98; 6; 4; ; 70; 88; 06; 4; 4} 4 = 7 = 40 = (4; 7; 40) = (4; 7; 40) = = 8 (4; 7; 40) = = 60 T (4) = {; ; ; 4; 6; 8; ; 4} T (7) = {; ; ; 4; 6; 8; 9; ; 8; 4; 6; 7} T (40) = {; ; 4; ; 8; 0; 0; 40} V (4) = {4; 48; 7; 96; 0; 44; 68; 9; 6; 40; 64; 88; ; 6; 60; 84; 408; 4; 46} V (7) = {7; 44; 6; 88; 60; 4; 04; 76; 648; 70; 79; 864; 96; 008; 080; ; 4; 96; 68} V (40) = {40; 80; 0; 60; 00; 40; 80; 0; 60; 400; 440; 480; 0; 60; 600; 640; 680; 70; 760} 0 = 7 = = (0; 7; ) = (0; 7; ) = = (0; 7; ) = = 0 T (0) = {; ; ; ; 6; 0; ; 0} T (7) = {; ; ; ; ; 7} T () = {; } V (0) = {0; 60; 90; 0; 0; 80; 0; 40; 70; 00; 0; 60; 90; 40; 40; 480; 0; 40; 70} V (7) = {7; 0; ; 00; 7; 40; ; 600; 67; 70; 8; 900; 97; 00; ; 00; 7; 0; 4} V () = {; 0; ; 0; ; 0; ; 40; 4; 0; ; 60; 6; 70; 7; 80; 8; 90; 9} 6 = = 7 = (6; ; ) = (6; ; ) = = (6; ; ) = 7 = 60 T (6) = {; ; ; 4; 6; 9; ; 8; 6} T () = {; ; 7; } T () = {; ; ; } V (6) = {6; 7; 08; 44; 80; 6; ; 88; 4; 60; 96; 4; 468; 04; 40; 76; 6; 648; 684} V () = {; 4; 6; 84; 0; 6; 47; 68; 89; 0; ; ; 7; 94; ; 6; 7; 78; 99} V () = {; 0; 4; 60; 7; 90; 0; 0; ; 0; 6; 80; 9; 0; ; 40; ; 70; 8} 0 = 7 = 4 = (0; 7; 4) = (0; 7; 4) = = (0; 7; 4) = = 40 T (0) = {; ; ; ; 6; 0; ; 0} T (7) = {; ; ; ; ; 7} T (4) = {; ; ; 9; ; 4} V (0) = {0; 60; 90; 0; 0; 80; 0; 40; 70; 00; 0; 60; 90; 40; 40; 480; 0; 40; 70} V (7) = {7; 0; ; 00; 7; 40; ; 600; 67; 70; 8; 900; 97; 00; ; 00; 7; 0; 4} V (4) = {4; 90; ; 80; ; 70; ; 60; 40; 40; 49; 40; 8; 60; 67; 70; 76; 80; 8}

= = Z N = = 4 = 4 = 8 4 ; 7 ; 0 4 ; 7 ; 8 4 ; 6 7 ; 7 8 ; ; 4 4 ; 4 ; 8 4 4 ; 7 ; 8 4 4 ; 7 7 4 = ; 8 7 = 4 a b a c b c 4 = 4 = 6 8 a b = a : c b : c ggt (a, b) = c a b = a : c b : c 8 = : 8 : = 6 9 6 9 = 6 : 9 : = (8; ) = 6 8 = : 6 8 : 6 = 8 = = a c + b c = a + b c a c b c a b c + 4 = + 4 = 6 7 7 = = 7 7

a b + c d = a d b d + c b b d = a d + c b b d a b c d = a d b d c b b d = a d c b b d c b c d + 4 4 = 4 + 4 = 4 4 + 4 = 8 + 9 = 7 = + 8, 8 = 6 6 = 6 8 = + 8 = + 8 = 9 + 0 6 = 9 6 = 9 6 a b c d = a c b d 4 6 = 4 6 = 4 a b : c d = a b d c = a d b c a b e = a b : e = a b e = a b e e c = e : c d = e d c = e d c d a b c d = a b : c d = a b d c = a d b c 4 : 6 = 4 6 = 6 4 = 8 0 4 : 6 = 4 6 = 4 6 = 4 4 : = 4 = 4 = 0 4 = 4 : 6 == 4 6 = 6 4 = 8 0 6 a b a = b = 8 a = b = 4 a = 6 b = 8 a = 0 b = a = 7 b = 4 a = 7 b = 4 a = 0 b = 8 a = 88 b = 8 a = 6 b = 6 a = b = a = b = 7 a = b = a = 66 b =

8, 8 = 6 : 6 8 : 6 = = 4, 4 = 7 : 7 4 : 7 = = 6 8 6, 8 = 6 : 8 : = 8 9 = 9 0 0, = 0 : : = 4 = 4 4 7 4 7, 4 = 7 : 4 : = 7 4 = 7 4 7 4 7, 4 = 7 7 : 7 4 : 7 = = 0 8 0, 8 = 0 : 8 : = 0 9 = 9 88 8 88, 8 = 88 : 8 : = 44 9 = 44 9 6 6 6, 6 = 6 6 : 6 6 : 6 = 6 = 6, = : : = = 7, 7 = : 7 : = 7 = 4 7, = : : = 4 = 4 66 66, = 66 : : = =

a b c d a b c d a b c d a = b = 4 c = d = 6 a = b = 4 c = d = 9 a = b = 6 c = d = 7 a = 4 b = c = 7 d = a = b = c = 7 d = a = 4 b = c = 4 d = a = 4 b = c = 6 d = 7 a = 7 b = 0 c = d = 40 a = b = 4 c = d = a = 4 b = c = 6 d = 7

a b c d 4, 6 = 4 = 6 = 4 + 6 = 4 + 6 = 9+0 = 9 = 7 4 6 = 4 6 = 9 0 = = 4 6 = 4 6 = 4 = 8 4 : 6 = 4 6 = 8 0 = 9 0, = = = 4 + 7 = 4 + 7 = + = 47 = 4 7 = 4 7 = = = 8 4 7 = 4 7 = 8 = 4 : 7 = 4 7 = = 4, 9 = 6 6 4 = 9 6 9 = 4 4 + 9 = 9 4 9 + 4 9 4 = 7+0 6 = 47 6 = 6 4 9 = 9 4 9 4 9 4 = 7 0 6 = 7 6 = 7 6 4 9 = 4 9 = 6 = 4 : 9 = 4 9 = 7 0 = 7 0, = = = + 7 = + 7 = + = 68 = 4 8 7 = 7 = = = 7 = 7 = 77 = : 7 = 7 = = 6, 7 = 4 4 6 = 7 4 7 = 6 6 + 7 = 7 6 7 + 6 7 6 = + 4 = 47 4 = 4 6 7 = 7 6 7 6 7 6 = 4 = 4 = 4 6 7 = 6 7 = 0 4 = 6 : 7 = 6 7 = =, = 60 60 = 60 = 4 + 4 = 4 + 4 = 48+0 60 = 68 60 = 4 4 = 4 4 = 48 0 60 = 8 60 = 7 4 4 = 4 4 = 6 60 = 4 4 : 4 = 4 4 = 48 0 =

a b c d, 7 = = 7 7 = 4 + 6 7 = 4 7 7 + 6 7 = 98+80 = 78 = 4 6 7 = 4 7 7 6 7 = 98 80 = 8 = 8 4 6 7 = 4 6 7 = 4 = 6 4 : 6 7 = 4 7 6 = 98 80 = 9 40 4, = 60 60 4 = 60 = 4 4 + = 4 + 4 4 = 4+8 60 = 60 = 60 4 = 4 4 4 = 4 8 60 = 7 60 = 7 60 4 = 4 = 6 60 = 0 4 : = 4 = 4 8 = 8 0, 40 = 00 00 0 = 4 00 40 = 7 0 + 40 = 7 4 0 4 + 40 = 8+ 00 = 4 00 = 0, 7 0 40 = 7 4 0 4 40 = 8 00 = 00 = 0, 06 7 0 40 = 7 0 40 = 0 = 0, 00 7 0 : 40 = 7 0 40 = 80 0 =, 7 = = 7 7 = 4 + 6 7 = 4 7 7 + 6 7 = 8+0 = 8 = 4 6 7 = 4 7 7 6 7 = 8 0 = = 4 6 7 = 4 6 7 = 4 = 4 4 : 6 7 = 4 7 6 = 8 0 = 4

a b c d e f a b c d e f a b c d e f a = 4 b = c = 6 d = 7 e = 8 f = 9 a = b = 7 c = 9 d = e = f = a = b = c = d = e = f = a = b = 4 c = d = e = f = a = b = c = d = e = f = a = b = c = 8 d = e = f = a = 0 b = c = d = 8 e = f =

a b c d e f 6, 9 = 8 8 6 = 8 9 = 4 6 + 7 8 9 = 4 + 7 + 6 + 8 +6 9 = + 8 = + 8 = 8 4 6 7 8 9 = 4 7 + 6 8 6 9 = + 8 = + 8 = 8 4 6 7 8 9 = 4 6+ 6 7 9+8 9 = 9 6 7 9 = 9 7 6 9 =,06 0 4 = 8 7 4 4 6 : 7 8 9 = 4 6+ 6 : 7 9+8 9 = 9 6 : 7 9 = 9 6 9 7 = 6 46 = 0, 6, = = = + = + + + = 4 + 0+6 = 4 + 6 = = + 0 6 = + = + 4 = = + + = 7 = 7 = 8 = : = + : + = : 7 = 7 = =, = = = + = + + + = 4 + 0+6 = 4 + 6 = = + 0 6 = + = + 4 = = + + = 7 = 7 = 8 = : = + : + = : 7 = 7 = =

a b c d e f, = = = 0 + 8 = 0 + 8 + + 0+6 = 8 + = 8 + 6 = 9 0 8 = 0 8 + = + 0 6 = + 4 = 4 0 8 = 0 + 8 + = 4 = 4 =,4 0 = 89 0 : 8 = 0 + : 8 + = : 4 = 4 = 60 6 = 7 6 9, = 4 4 9 = 4 = 9 7 9 + = + + 7 9 + 9 9 = 4 + +8 4 = 4 + 4 = 8 4 7 9 = + 7 9 9 8 9 = + 4 = + 7 8 4 = 4 7 9 = 9+7 9 + = 6 9 7 = 6 7 9 = 7 4 = 6 4 7 9 : = 9+7 9 : + = 6 9 : 7 = 6 9 7 = 80 = 0,, = = = 4 + = + + 4 + = 4 + 0+6 = 4 + 6 = 4 = + 4 0 6 = + = + 4 = 4 = +4 + = 7 7 = 7 7 = 9 = 7 4 4 : = +4 : + = 7 : 7 = 7 7 = =

a b c d e f 8, = 4 4 8 = 4 = 8 8 + = + + 8 + 8 6+6 8 = 8 + 4 = 8 + 4 = 8 8 = + 8 8 6 6 8 = + 4 = + 0 4 = 7 8 = 8+ 8 + = 8 = 8 =,4 0 4 = 8 : = 8+ 8 : + = 8 : = 8 = 66 88 = 4 7 44

89, 9 +, 9 = 89, 90 +, 9 89, 90 +, 9 8 89, 90 +, 9, 8 89, 90 +, 9 9, 8 89, 90 +, 9 = 9, 8 0 + = 0 9 + 9 = 8 8 9 + + = 8 + 0 + = 9 9 0, 48 89, 47 =, 48 89, 47, 48 89, 47 0, 48 89, 47 4, 0, 48 89, 47 4, 0, 48 89, 47 04, 0, 48 89, 47 = 4, 0 8 7 = 0 4 4 = 0 0 0 9 = 4 4 (8 + ) = (0 + ) = 0 0 0

4, 6 9, = 46 9 49 08 87 + = 4, 6 9, =, 87 : = : = 7, 4 0 0 0, 4 :, 46 = 40 : 46 = 6, 40 476 740 49 8 6, 8 4 +

+ 4 = + 4 6 + 4 66 + 4 = 66 + 4 = 6 6 0 + = 6 6 0 974 + 6 9 974 + 6 9 974 + 6 89 974 + 6 989 974 + 6 = 989 4 + = 9 9 0 + 6 = 7 + 0 + = 8 8 0 9 + 0 = 9 9 0 4 + 74 = 89 + 9 = 4 + 74 9 4 + 74 79 4 + 74 979 4 + 74 = 979 4 + = 9 9 0 + 4 = 7 7 0 + 7 = 9 9 0 89 + 9 89 + 9 8 89 + 9 98 89 + 9 = 98 + = 0 9 + 9 = 8 8 8 + 0 + = 9 9 0 974 + 6 = 760 + 900 =

760 + 900 0 760 + 900 60 760 + 900 460 760 + 900 6460 760 + 900 76460 760 + 900 = 76460 0 + 0 = 0 0 0 6 + 0 = 6 6 0 + 9 = 4 4 + 0 + = 6 6 0 7 + 0 = 7 7 0 646 + 8440 6 646 + 8440 06 646 + 8440 906 646 + 8440 0906 646 + 8440 60906 646 + 8440 860906 646 + 8440 = 860906 6 + 0 = 6 6 0 + = 0 0 4 + 4 + = 9 9 0 6 + 4 = 0 0 0 + + = 6 6 0 0 + 8 = 8 8 0 76 + 969 = 76 + 969 4 76 + 969 4 76 + 969 74 76 + 969 674 76 + 969 = 674 + 9 = 4 4 6 + 6 + = 7 + 9 + = 7 7 + 0 + = 6 6 0 646 + 8440 = 6089 + 8440 =

6089 + 8440 4 6089 + 8440 94 6089 + 8440 494 6089 + 8440 8494 6089 + 8440 68494 6089 + 8440 968494 6089 + 8440 6968494 9 + = 4 4 8 + 0 + = 9 9 0 0 + 4 = 4 4 0 + = 8 8 0 + 4 = 6 6 0 + 8 = 9 9 0 6 + 0 = 6 6 0 6089 + 8440 = 6968494

464 44 = 9 7 = 7 7 0 7 = 7 = (0 + ) = 0 0 0 464 44 = 464 44 9 464 44 9 464 44 9 464 44 09 4 = 9 9 6 (4 + ) = 0 = 0 4 4 = 0 0 0 46 99 = 46 99 7 46 99 7 46 99 7 46 99 = 7 6 9 = 7 7 (9 + ) = 4 (0 + ) = 0

7 = 7 84 84 0 + 0 = 0 7 = 84 44 464 = 44 464 780 7 6070 780 98080 0 + 0 = 0 44 464 = 98080 46 99 = 46 99 404 404 444 0 + 0 = 0 46 99 = 444

: 7 = : 7 =, 7 7 0 49 0 7, 7 44 : 464 = 44 : 464 = 0, 9 440 4076 740 80 90 0, 9 90 46 : 99 = 46 : 99 = 4, 60 46 96 600 94 60 4, 60 60

P w = G 00 P w = G 00 00 = P w 00 G P w P w = G = P w G 800 P w = = 00 00 = = = 0, 00 P w = 0, 800 = 00 00 00 G = = 800 G = 00 = 800 0, 00 00 = = = 800 = 00 = 0, = 800 00 = P w = G 00 G [ ] P w G = 00 = G = 90 = G = 00 = 60 G = 00 = G = 6 = 4 G =, 48 0 = G = 600 = 4 G = = G = 00 = 4 G = 40 = G = 6 = G = 4 =

P w = G 00 P w = G 00 G = 00 = P w = 00 00 P w = P w = G = P w = 0 00 P w = 00 = 0 G = 00 = P w = 00 00 P w = P w = G = 00 = 0, 0 P w = 0, 0 00 P w = P w = G 00 G = 90 = P w = 90 00 P w = 7 0 P w = G = 00 = 0, 0 P w = 0, 0 90 P w = 7 0 P w = G 00 G = 6 = 4 4 P w = 6 00 P w = 7 0 P w = G = 4 00 = 0, 00 P w = 0, 00 6 P w = 7 0 P w = G 00 G = 00 = 60 P w = 60 00 00 P w = 60 P w = G = 60 00 = P w = 00 P w = 60 P w = G 00 G =, 48 0 = P w =, 48 0 00 P w = 7 P w = G = 00 = 40 P w = 40, 48 0 P w = 7 P w = G 00 P w = G 00 G = 600 = 4 P w = 4 600 00 P w = 4

P w = G 00 P w = G = 4 P w = 600 P w = 4 00 = G = 40 = P w = 40 00 P w = 7 P w = G = 00 = 0, 0 P w = 0, 0 40 P w = 7 P w = G 00 G = = P w = 00 P w = 0 P w = G = 00 = 0 P w = 0 P w = 0 P w = G 00 G = 6 = P w = 6 00 P w = 9 4 P w = G = 00 = 0, 0 P w = 0, 0 6 P w = 9 4 P w = G 00 G = 00 = 4 P w = 4 00 00 P w = P w = G = 4 P w = 00 P w = 00 = P w = G 00 G = 4 = P w = 4 00 P w = P w = G = P w = 0 4 00 = 0 P w = P w = G 00

G = Pw 00 00 P w [ ] G P w = 0 = 0 P w = 0 = P w = 0 = 0 P w = 00 = 0 P w = 8 = P w = = 8 P w = 4 = 6 P w = 0 = 6 P w = 8 = 4 P w = = 4 P w = 9 = P w = 0 = P w = 0 = P w = 4 = 6 P w = = 4 P w = 4 = 0 P w = 0 =

G = Pw 00 00 P w = 0 = 0 G = 0 00 0 G = 00 = 0 00 = 0 G = 0 0 G = 00 00 P w = 00 = 0 G = 00 00 0 G = 00 = 0 00 = G = 00 G = 00 00 P w = 0 = G = 0 00 G = 00 = 00 = 0 G = 0 0 G = 00 00 P w = 8 = G = 8 00 G = 4 = 00 = 4 G = 8 4 G = 4 00 P w = 0 = 0 G = 0 00 0 G = 60 = 0 00 = G = 0 G = 60 00 P w = = 8 G = 00 8 G = 66

G = Pw 00 = 8 00 = 0, 00 G = 0, 00 G = 66 8 00 G = 4 G = 700 = 4 00 = G = 8 G = 700 00 P w = 4 = 6 G = 4 00 6 G =, 6 0 = 6 00 = 0, 07 G = 4 0, 07 G =, 6 0 00 P w = = 4 G = 00 4 G = 0 = 4 00 = G = G = 0 00 P w = 0 = 6 G = 0 00 6 G = 8 9 = 6 00 = 0, 06 G = 0 0, 06 G = 8 9 00 P w = 9 = G = 9 00 G = 90 = 00 = 0 G = 9 0 G = 90 00 P w = 8 = 4

G = Pw 00 00 P w = 0 = G = 0 00 G = 600 = 00 = 0 G = 0 0 G = 600 00 P w = = 4 G = 00 4 G = 7 = 4 00 = G = G = 7 00 P w = 0 = G = 0 00 G = 8 9 = 00 = 0, G = 0 0, G = 8 9 00 P w = 4 = 0 G = 4 00 0 G = 8 = 0 00 = G = 4 G = 8 00 P w = 4 = 6 G = 4 00 6 G = 66 = 6 00 = 0 G = 4 0 G = 66 00 P w = 0 = G = 0 00 G = = 00 = 0, 0 G = 0 0, 0 G =

= Pw 00 G = P w 00 G P w G [ ] P w = 9 G = 80 P w = 4 G = 80 P w = G = P w = G = 00 P w = 9 G = 990 P w = G = 0

= Pw 00 G P w = 9 G = 80 = P w 00 G = 9 00 80 = = = P w G = 9 80 = 0 = 0 00 = P w = G = 00 = P w 00 G = 00 00 = = = P w G = = 0, 004 00 = 0, 004 00 = P w = 4 G = 80 = P w 00 G = 4 00 80 = = = P w G = 4 80 = 0 = 0 00 = P w = 9 G = 990 = P w 00 G = 9 00 990 = 0 = 0 = P w G = 9 = 0, 00909 990 = 0, 00909 00 = 0 P w = G = = P w 00 G = 00 = = = P w G = = 4 = 4 00 = P w = G = 0 = P w 00 G = 00 0 = 0 = 0 = P w G = = 0 0 = 0 00 = 0

P w = G 000 P w = G 000 000 = P w 000 G P w P w = G = P w G 800 P w = = 0 000 = = 0, 0 000 P w = 0, 0 800 = 0 0 000 G = = 800 G = 00 = 800 0, 0 = 0 000 800 = = = 0 = 0, 0 = 800 000 = P w = G 000 G P w G = 00 = G = 90 = G = 00 = 60 G = 0 = G = 6 = 4 G =, 48 0 = G = 600 = 4 G = = G = 00 = 4 G = 40 = G = 6 = G = 680 = 7

P w = G 000 P w = G 000 G = 00 = P w = 00 000 P w = P w = G = 000 = 0, 00 P w = 0, 00 00 P w = P w = P w = G = 000 = 0, 00 P w = 0, 00 0 P w = P w = G 000 G = 90 = P w = 90 000 P w = 0, 7 P w = G = 000 = 0, 00 P w = 0, 00 90 P w = 0, 7 P w = G 000 G = 6 = 4 P w = 4 6 000 P w = 0, 04 P w = G = 4 000 = 0, 000 P w = 0, 000 6 P w = 0, 04 P w = G 000 G =, 48 0 = P w = G 000 G = 00 = 60 P w = 60 00 000 P w = 6 P w = G = 60 P w = 0 00 P w = 6 000 = 0 P w =,48 0 000 P w = 7 0 P w = G = 000 = 0, 00 P w = 0, 00, 48 0 P w = 7 0 P w = G 000 G = 0 = P w = 0 000 P w = G 000 G = 600 = 4 P w = 4 600 000 P w = P w = G = 4 000 = 0, 004 P w = 0, 004 600 P w =

P w = G 000 P w = 8 P w = G = 000 = 0, 00 P w = 0, 00 40 P w = 8 P w = G 000 G = = P w = 000 P w = 0, 0 P w = G = 000 = 0, 00 P w = 0, 00 P w = 0, 0 P w = G 000 G = 6 = P w = 6 000 P w =, 96 P w = G = 000 = 0, 00 P w = 0, 00 6 P w =, 96 P w = G 000 G = 00 = 4 P w = 4 00 000 P w = P w = G = 4 000 = 0, 004 P w = 0, 004 00 P w = P w = G 000 G = 40 = P w = 40 000 P w = G 000 G = 680 = 7 P w = 7 680 000 P w = 4 9 P w = G = 7 000 P w = 0, 007 680 P w = 4 9 = 0, 007

G = Pw 000 000 P w G P w = 00 = P w = 90 = P w = 00 = 60 P w = 0 = P w = 6 = 4 P w =, 48 0 = P w = 600 = 4 P w = = P w = 00 = 4 P w = 40 = P w = 6 = P w = 680 = 7 P w = 986 = 7 P w = 4 = 67 P w = = P w = 7, 9 0 = P w = = P w = 8, 88 0 = P w = = 4 P w = 4, 0 0 = 4

G = Pw 000 G = Pw 000 P w = 00 = G = 00 000 G = 0 4 = 00 = 0, 00 G = 00 0, 00 G = 0 4 G = Pw 000 P w = 0 = G = 0 000 G = 0 6 = 00 = 0, 00 G = 0 0, 00 G = 0 6 G = Pw 000 P w = 90 = G = 90 000 G = 0 4 = 00 = 0, 00 G = 90 0, 00 G = 0 4 G = Pw 000 P w = 6 = 4 G = 6 000 4 G =, 44 0 = 4 00 = 0, 000 G = 6 0, 000 G =, 44 0 G = Pw 000 P w = 00 = 60 G = 00 000 60 G = 666 = 60 00 = 0 G = 00 0 G = 666 G = Pw 000 P w =, 48 0 = G =,48 0 000 G =, 9 0 = 00 = 0, 00, 48 0 G = 0, 00 G =, 9 0

G = Pw 000 G = Pw 000 P w = 600 = 4 G = 600 000 4 G =, 0 = 4 00 = 0, 004 G = 600 0, 004 G =, 0 G = Pw 000 P w = 40 = G = 40 000 G = 8 0 4 = 00 = 0, 00 G = 40 0, 00 G = 8 0 4 G = Pw 000 P w = = G = 000 G = 600 = 00 = 0, 00 G = 0, 00 G = 600 G = Pw 000 P w = 6 = G = 6 000 G = 7 = 00 = 0, 00 G = 6 0, 00 G = 7 G = Pw 000 P w = 00 = 4 G = 00 000 4 G = 7, 0 4 = 4 00 = 0, 004 G = 00 0, 004 G = 7, 0 4 G = Pw 000 P w = 680 = 7 G = 680 000 7 G = 974 6 7 = 7 00 = 0, 007 G = 680 0, 007 G = 974 6 7

G = Pw 000 G = Pw 000 P w = 986 = 7 G = 986 000 7 G = 4087 7 = 7 00 = 0, 007 G = 986 0, 007 G = 4087 7 P w = 7, 9 0 = G = 7,9 0 000 G =, 8 0 6 = 00 = 0, 00 7, 9 0 G = 0, 00 G =, 8 0 6 G = Pw 000 P w = 4 = 67 G = 4 000 67 G = 84 67 = 67 00 = 0, 067 G = 4 0, 067 G = 84 67 G = Pw 000 P w = = G = 000 G = 600 = 00 = 0, 00 G = 0, 00 G = 600 G = Pw 000 P w = = G = 000 G = 600 = 00 = 0, 00 G = 0, 00 G = 600 G = Pw 000 P w = 8, 88 0 = G = 8,88 0 000 G =, 78 0 6 = 00 = 0, 00 8, 88 0 G = 0, 00 G =, 78 0 6 G = Pw 000 G = Pw 000 P w =

G = Pw 000 = 4 G = 000 4 G = 70 = 4 00 = 0, 004 G = 0, 004 G = 70 G = Pw 000 P w = 4, 0 0 = 4 G = 4,0 0 000 4 G = 0 6 = 4 00 = 0, 004 4, 0 0 G = 0, 004 G = 0 6

= Pw 000 G = P w 000 G P w G P w = 9 G = 80 P w = 4 G = 80 P w = G = P w = G = 00 P w = 9 G = 990 P w = G = 0

= Pw 000 G = Pw 000 G P w = 9 G = 80 = 9 000 80 = 0 = 0 = P w G = 9 = 0 80 = 0 000 = 0 = Pw 000 G P w = G = 00 = 000 00 = 4 = 4 = P w G = = 0, 004 00 = 0, 004 000 = 4 = Pw 000 G P w = 4 G = 80 = 4 000 80 = 0 = 0 = P w G = 4 80 = 0 = 0 000 = 0 = Pw 000 G P w = 9 G = 990 = 9 000 990 = 9 = 9 = P w G = 9 990 = 0, 00909 = 0, 00909 000 = 9 = Pw 000 G P w = G = = 000 = 0 = 0 = P w G = = 4 = 4 000 = 0 = Pw 000 G P w = G = 0 = 000 0 = 00 = 00 = P w G = = 0 0 = 0 000 = 00

E = q A q = E A A = E q q > q = + 00 = (q ) 00 0 < q < q = 00 = ( q) 00 q = + 0 =. E =. 00 = 0 00 q = 0 = 0.9 E = 0.9 00 = 80 00 q = + 0 0 =. A = = 00 00. q = 0 80 = 0.9 A = = 00 00 0.9 q = 0 =. = (. ) 00 = 0 00 q = 80 = 0.9 = ( 0.9) 00 = 0 00 E = q A A [ ] E A = 00 = 0 A = 400 = 0 A = 00 = A = = 00 A = = 90 A = 600 = 7 A = 40 =

E = q A E = q A A = 00 = 0 q = + 0 00 = 0 E = 0 00 E = 0 q = 0 00 = 9 0 E = 9 0 00 E = 90 E = q A A = 400 = 0 q = + 0 00 = 0 E = 0 400 E = 440 q = 0 00 = 9 0 E = 9 0 400 E = 60 E = q A A = 00 = q = + 00 = 0 E = 0 00 E = 0 q = 00 = 9 0 E = 9 0 00 E = 90 E = q A A = = 00 q = + 00 00 = E = E = 0 q = 00 00 = 0 E = 0 E = 0 E = q A A = = 90 q = + 90 00 = 9 0 E = 9 0 E = 7 0 q = 90 E = 0 E = 0 00 = 0 E = q A A = 600 = 7 q = + 7 00 = 4 E = 4 600 E =, 0 0 q = 7 00 = 4 E = 4 600 E = 0 E = q A A = 40 = q = + 00 = 0 E = 0 40 E = 7 q = 00 = 7 0 E = 7 0 40 E = 8

A = E q A = E q E [ ] A E = 0 = 0 E = 0 = 0 E = 0 = 0 E = 0 = E = 0 = 0 E = 00 = 0 E = 800 =

A = E q A = E q E = 0 = 0 q = + 0 00 = 0 A = 0 0 A = 00 q = 0 00 = 9 0 A = 0 9 0 A = 9 A = E q E = 0 = q = + 00 = 0 A = 0 0 A = 9 q = 00 = 9 0 A = 0 9 0 A = 0 0 9 A = E q E = 0 = 0 q = + 0 00 = A = 0 A = 00 q = 0 00 = 4 A = 0 4 A = 0 A = E q E = 0 = 0 q = + 0 00 = A = 0 A = 0 q = 0 00 = A = 0 A = 60 A = E q E = 0 = 0 q = + 0 00 = 0 A = 0 0 A = 4 q = 0 00 = 9 0 A = 0 9 0 A = 9 A = E q E = 00 = 0 q = + 0 00 = A = 00 A = 8 q = 0 00 = 4 A = 00 4 A =

A = E q A = E q E = 800 = q = + 00 = 4 A = 800 4 A = 640 q = 00 = 4 A = 800 4 A = 066

= E A = E A E A [ ] E = 0 A = 00 E = 40 A = 80 E = 0 A = E = 00 A = 00 E = 0 A = NaN E = 80 A = 6 E = 4 A = 48 E = 48 A = 4 E = 48 A = E = 74 A = 44 E = 9 A = 6 E = 6 A = E = 8 A = 90 E = 9 A = 6 E = 7 A = 6

= E A = NaN 00 00 = NaN E = 0 A = 00 q = E A q = 0 00 q = 0 = 0 00 00 = 0 E = 80 A = 6 q = E A q = 80 6 q = = 00 00 = E = 40 A = 80 q = E A q = 40 80 q = = 00 00 = 0 E = 4 A = 48 q = E A q = 4 48 q = = 00 00 = 0 E = 0 A = q = E A q = 0 q = = 00 00 = 0 E = 48 A = 4 q = E A q = 48 4 q = = 00 00 = 00 E = 00 A = 00 q = E A q = 00 00 q = = 00 00 = 60 E = 48 A = q = E A q = 48 q = = 00 00 = 0 E = 0 A = NaN q = E A q = 0 NaN q = NaN E = 74 A = 44 q = E A

= E A q = 74 44 q = = 00 00 = 68 A = 90 q = E A q = 8 90 q = 4 4 = 00 4 4 00 = 8 8 9 E = 9 A = 6 q = E A q = 9 6 q = 9 6 = 00 9 6 00 = 6 E = 9 A = 6 q = E A q = 9 6 q = = 00 00 = 4 E = 6 A = q = E A q = 6 q = 9 = 00 9 0 00 = 0 E = 7 A = 6 q = E A q = 7 6 q = 6 = 6 00 00 = 8 6 E = 8

a n = a a a... a }{{} n a 0 = a = a 0 0 = 0 = 0 e 0 = e = e = x 4 = x x x x 4 0 = x 0 = 4 = 4 x = x a m a n = a m+n 0 m 0 n = 0 m+n e m e n = e m+n = + = 7 x x = x + = x 8 e e = e +( ) = e a m : a n = am a n = am n 0 m : 0 n = 0m 0 n = 0m n e m : e n = em e n = em n 7 = 7 = x x = x = x e e = e ( ) = e 8 a n b n = (ab) n a n b n = (a b )n = ( ) = x y = (x y) (a n ) m = a n m (0 n ) m = 0 n m (e n ) m = e n m ( )4 = 4 = ( x ) = x 6 ( x 4 ) = x 4 4 (e x ) = e x a n = a n 0 n = 0 n e n = e n = = x = x x y = x y a n = n a a > 0 0 n = n 0 e n = n e = x = x = 4 = 4

a m n = n a m a > 0 0 m n = n 0 m e m n = n e m = a m n = n a m a > 0 0 m n = n 0 m e m n = n e m = a m a n = a m+n a m a n = am n a n b n = (ab) n (a n ) m = a n m a = 4 b = m = n = a = b = m = n = a = b = 4 m = 4 n = a = b = m = n = a = b = m = n = a = b = 4 m = n = a = b = m = n = a = 4 b = m = n = 4 a = b = m = n = a = b = m = n = a = b = m = n = a = b = 6 m = n = a = b = m = n = 4 a = b = m = n = a = b = m = n = a = b = m = n =

4 4 = 4 + = 4 =, 0 0 4 : 4 = 4 4 = 4 = 4 = 4 4 = (4 ) = =, 7 0 (4 ) = 4 = 4 6 = 4, 0 = + = = : = = = = = ( ) = 6 = 6 ( ) = = 6 = 64 4 = 4+ = 6 = 64 4 : = 4 = 4 = = 4 4 = ( 4) = 8 = 64 ( ) 4 = 4 = 8 = 6 = + = = 8 : = = = = = ( ) = 6 = 6 ( ) = = = 4 ( ) ( ) = ( ) + = ( ) = 8 ( ) : ( ) = ( ) ( ) = ( ) = ( ) = ( ) ( ) = (( ) ( )) = 6 = 6 (( ) ) = ( ) = ( ) = 4 ( ) ( ) = ( ) + = ( ) 4 = 6 ( ) : ( ) = ( ) ( ) = ( ) = ( ) 0 = ( ) ( 4) = (( ) ( 4)) = 8 = 64 (( ) ) = ( ) = ( ) 4 = 6

( ) ( ) ( = ) + ( = ( ) ( : ) = ( ( ) ) = 0, 004 ) = ( ) = ( ) = ( ) ( ) = ( ) = ( ) = 0, 007 ( ( ) ) = ( ( ) = 6 ) = 0, 007 ( ) ( 4 ) 4 ( 4 = ) +4 ( 4 = 4 ) ) 6 = 0, 00044 ( ( ) ( 4 : ) 4 4 = 4 ( ) 4 = ( 4 ( 4) = 4) = 6 ( 4 ) 4 ( 4 ) 4 = ( 4 )4 = ( ) 4 0 = 6, 0 6 ( ( ) 4) 4 = ( 4 ( 4) = ) 8 4 =, 0 ( ( ( ) ( ) : ( ) ( = ( ) = ( ) + = ( ) ) = ( ) = ( ( ) ) = ( ( ( ) ) = ( ) ( = ) 4 = 8 ) ( = 0 ) = ) = 4 ) 4 = 8 9 ( ) ( ) ( = ) + ( = ) ) 4 = 8 ( ( ) ( : ) = ( ) = ( ( ) = 0 ) = ( ) = ( ) = ( ) = 4 9 ( ( ) ) = ( ( ) = ) 4 = 8 ( ) ( ) ( = ) + ( = ( ) ( : ) = ( ( ) ) = 0, 000 ) = ( ) = ( ) = ( ) ( ) = ( ) = ( 0) = 0, 00 ( ( ) ) = ( ( ) = ) 6 = 6, 4 0 ( ) ( ) ( = ) + ( = ) =

( ) ( : ) = ( ( ( ) ( ) 6 = ( ) ( ( ) ) = ( ( ) = ) = ( ) = ( ) = 6 ) = ( ) = 0, 00079 ) 6 = 64 ( ) ( ) 4 ( = ) +4 ( = ( ) ( : ) 4 = ( ( ) ) 7 = 0, 0078 ) 4 = ( ) 4 = ( ) = ( ) 4 ( ) 4 = ( )4 = ( 4 0) = 0, 000 ( ( ) 4) = ( 4 ( ) = ) = 0, 00044 ( ) ( ) ( = ) + ( = ( ) ( : ) = ( ( ( ) ( ) = ( ) ( ( ) ) = ( ( ) = ) = ) = ( ) = ( ) = ) = ( 6) = 0, 0046 ) 6 = 64 = + = = : = = = = = ( ) = 6 = 6 ( ) = = 6 = 64 ( ( ( ) ( ) : ( ) ( = ( ) = ( ) + = ( ) ) = ( ) = ( ( ) ) = ( ( ( ) ) = ( ) ( = ) 6 = 64 ) = ) ( = ) = ) = 8

n a = a n a a = x = x = 4 = 4 n a n b = n a b 4 = 4 = 8 = a n b n = (ab) n n a : n b = n a b a ( n a ) n = b b n n m a = mn a (a n ) m = a m n 4 : = 4 = 7 = = 6 a b c = a c b c c = a c b( c) = a c bc a b c + d = a c + d b c + d c + d = a c + d b( c + d) = a c + d b(c + d) a b + c = a(b c) (b + c)(b c) = a(b c) b ( c) = a(b c) b c 6 = 6 6 6 = 6 ( 6) = 6 0 x + = x + x + x + = x + ( x + ) = x + (x + ) + = ( ) ( + )( ) = ( ) ( ) = ( ) = ( x ) = x + ( x + )( x ( x ) = ) ( x) ( ) ( x ) = x n a n b = n n a b a : n b = n a n m b a = mn a a = 4 b = 4 m = n = a = 4 b = 8 m = n = a = 6 b = 9 m = n = 4 a = 69 b = 6 m = n = a = 96 b = 40 m = n = a = 6 b = m = n = 7 a = 40 b = 48 m = 6 n = 4 a = b = m = n = a = 87 b = 60 m = n = 7 a = 6 b = 7 m = 4 n = 8 a = 6 b = m = 9 n = 6 a = b = 6 m = 4 n = a = 49 b = m = n =

4 4 = 4 4 = 6 = 4 4 : 4 = 4 4 = = 4 = 4 = 4 4 =, 4 4 8 = 4 8 = =, 66 4 : 8 = 4 8 = = 0, 707 4 = 4 = 4 4 =, 4 4 6 4 9 = 4 6 9 = 4, 0 = 7, 9 4 6 : 4 9 = 4 6 9 = 4 9 = 0, 79 4 6 = 4 6 = 88 6 =, 04 69 6 = 69 6 =, 79 0 = 4, 4 69 : 6 = 69 6 = 7 6 =, 6 69 = 69 = 6 69 =, 0 96 40 = 96 40 =, 84 0 = 6 96 : 40 = 96 40 = =, 96 = 96 = 0 96 =, 6 7 6 7 = 7 6 = 7, 9 0 =, 94 7 6 : 7 = 7 6 = 7 6 = 0, 946 7 6 = 7 6 = 6 =, 9

4 40 4 48 = 4 40 48 = 4, 9 0 = 6, 6 4 40 : 4 48 = 4 40 48 = 4 6 = 0, 9 4 6 40 = 6 4 40 = 4 40 =, 7 = = 60 =, 7 : = = =, 9 = = =, 7 87 7 60 = 7 87 60 = 7, 0 =, 4 7 87 : 7 60 = 7 87 60 = 7 9 0 =, 0 7 87 = 7 87 = 87 =, 4 8 6 8 7 = 8 6 7 = 8, 6 0 =, 6 8 6 : 8 7 = 8 6 7 = 8 4 7 =, 06 8 4 6 = 4 8 6 = 6 =, 4 6 6 6 = 6 6 = 6 7 =, 88 6 6 : 6 = 6 6 = 6 =, 0 6 9 6 = 9 6 6 = 4 6 =, 06 6 = 6 = 6 =, 0 : 6 = 6 = 6 = 0, 7 4 = 4 = =, 06

49 = 49 = 88 = 8, 8 49 : = 49 = 4 =, 6 49 = 49 = 6 49 =, 9

c = b a b c = a log 0 x = lgx 0 lgx = x lg0 x = x log e x = x e x = x e x = x = 8 = 8 log e = e = e = log 0 = lg 0 lg = lg0 = c a + c b c (a b) a + b (a b) a + b (a b) log 4 + log 8 = log (4 8) = log log x + log y = log (x y) c a c b = c a b a b = a b 7 = 7 7 = 7 a b = a b log c a n = n c a log a a n = n a a = n lg0 n = n lne n = n log = b a = c a c b = a b = a b = = = = 0, 68 c n a = n c a 4 = 4 c = b a b c = a c a + c b = c (a b) c a c b = c a b log c a n = n c a a = b = c = n = a = b = c = n = 4 a = b = 8 c = n = a = b = 4 8 c = n = a = b = 4 c = n = 4 a = b = c = 4 n = a = b = 4 c = n = 6

= = + = ( ) = ( ) = = = 0 = = = = = 0, 6 0,6 = + = ( ) = ( ) =, 8 = = 0, 8 4 = 4 = 4 = = 0, 6 8 = 0, 774 8 0,774 = + 8 = ( 8) = ( 8) =, 6 8 = 8 = 0, 48 = =, 9 8 = = 0, 774 8 4 8 = 0, 647 4 0,647 8 = + 4 8 = ( 4 8 ) = ( 4 8 ) =, 7 4 8 = = 0, 7 4 8 = =, 64 4 8 = 4 8 = 0, 647 4 = 4 = + 4 = ( 4) = ( 4) = 4 = 4 = 4 = 4 = 4 4 = 4 = =, 0,0 = 4 + 4 = 4 ( ) = 4 ( ) =, 77

4 4 = 4 4 = 4 = 4, 46 = 4 =, 0 4 = 0, 00844 4 = 0, 79 4 0,79 = + 4 = ( 4) = ( 4) =, 4 4 = 4 = 0, 79 6 = 6 = 4, 4 = = 0, 79 4

0 0 0 0 6 0 6 0 0 6 0 6 4 0 00 4 6 0 0 6 6 0 0 6 6 7 0 7 6 8 0 000 8 6 9 0 00 9 6 0 0 00 A 6 0 0 B 6 0 00 C 6 0 0 D 6 4 0 0 E 6 0 F 6 6 0 0000 0 6 7 0 000 6 8 0 000 6 9 0 00 6 0 0 000 4 6 0 00 6 0 00 6 6 0 0 7 6 4 0 000 8 6 0 00 9 6 6 0 00 A 6 7 0 0 B 6 8 0 00 C 6 9 0 0 D 6 0 0 0 E 6 0 F 6 0 00000 0 6 0 0000 6 4 0 0000 6 0 000 6 6 0 0000 4 6 7 0 000 6 8 0 000 6 6 9 0 00 7 6 40 0 0000 8 6 4 0 000 9 6 4 0 000 A 6 4 0 00 B 6 44 0 000 C 6 4 0 00 D 6 46 0 00 E 6 47 0 0 F 6 48 0 0000 0 6 49 0 000 6 Z B = n i=0 Z ib i = Z n B n +... + Z B + Z 0 B 0 Z n,..., Z, Z 0 Basis :.. B B B B 0 Ziffern :.. Z Z Z Z 0 0; ;, ; 4; ; 6; 7; 8; 9; A = 0; B ; C = ; D = ; E = 4; F = Z 0 = n i=0 Z i0 i = Z n 0 n +... + Z 0 + Z 0 0 0 Z = n i=0 Z i i = Z n n +... + Z + Z 0 0 Z 6 = n i=0 z i6 i = Z n 6 n +... + Z 6 + Z 0 6 0 47 = 47 0 = 0 0 0 0 4 7 4 0 + 0 + 7 0 0 = 4 00 + 0 + 7 000 = 8 7 6 4 0 0 0 0 8 + 7 + 0 6 + + 0 4 + + 0 + + 0 = 6 + 8 + 0 64 + + 0 6 + 8+ 0 4 + + = 47 0 AB 6 = 6 6 6 0 A = 0 B = 6 + 0 6 + 6 0 = 6 + 0 6 + = 47 0 = 47 47 = 47 0 47 : = : = 06 06 : = 0 : = 6 6 : = 0 : = 6 6 : = 0 : = : = 0 47 0 = 000 47 = 47 0 47 : 6 = 6 = B 6 : 6 = 0 = A : 6 = 0 47 0 = AB 6

7 0 = 6 7 0 = 0 + 7 0 0 = 0 + 7 = 7 0 7 : = 8 8 : = 4 0 4 : = 0 : = 0 : = 0 7 0 = 000 67 0 = 0 + 6 0 + 7 0 0 = 00 + 6 0 + 7 = 67 0 67 : 6 = 7 : 6 = : 6 = 0 67 0 = 7 6 46 0 = 4 0 + 0 + 6 0 0 = 4 00 + 0 + 6 = 46 0 46 : = 8 0 8 : = 4 0 4 : = 7 0 7 : = 8 8 : = 4 0 4 : = 7 0 7 : = : = : = 0 46 0 = 00000 00 = + 0 4 + 0 + + + 0 = + 0 6 + 0 8 + 4 + + = 9 0 9 : 6 = 7 : 6 = 0 00 = 7 6 7 0 = 0 + 7 0 0 = 0 + 7 = 7 0 000 = 7 + 6 + + 0 4 + + + 0 + 0 0 = 8 + 64 + + 0 6 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 0 = 6 0 6 : 6 = 4 = C 4 : 6 = 0 4 = E 7 : 6 = : 6 = 0 000 = EC 6

7 7 9 9 7 4 4 47 9 6 67 7 7 79 8 89 97 0 0 07 09 7 7 9 49 7 6 67 7 79 8 9 9 97 99 7 9 9 4 7 6 69 7 77 8 8 9 07 7 7 47 49 9 67 7 79 8 89 97 40 409 49 4 4 4 49 44 449 47 46 46 467 479 487 49 499 0 09 4 47 7 6 69 7 77 87 9 99 60 607 6 67 69 6 64 64 647 6 69 66 67 677 68 69 70 709 79 77 7 79 74 7 77 76 769 77 787 797 809 8 8 8 87 89 89 8 87 89 86 877 88 88 887 907 9 99 99 97 94 947 9 967 97 977 98 99 997 009 0 09 0 0 0 09 049 0 06 06 069 087 09 09 097 0 09 7 9 6 7 8 87 9 0 7 9 7 49 9 77 79 8 89 9 97 0 0 07 9 7 6 67 7 8 99 409 4 47 49 4 49 447 4 4 49 47 48 48 487 489 49 499 4 49 9 67 7 79 8 97 60 607 609 6 69 6 67 67 67 66 667 669 69 697 699 709 7 7 7 74 747 7 79 777 78 787 789 80 8 8 8 847 86 867 87 87 877 879 889 90 907 9 9 9 949 9 97 979 987 99 997 999 00 0 07 07 09 09 0 06 069 08 08 087 089 099 9 7 4 4 6 79 0 07 7 9 4 67 69 7 8 87 9 97 09 9 4 47 7 7 77 8 8 89 9 99 4 47 4 47 44 447 49 467 47 477 0 9 4 49 7 79 9 9 609 67 6 6 647 67 69 66 67 677 68 687 689 69 699 707 7 7 79 79 7 74 749 7 767 777 789 79 797 80 80 89 8 87 84 8 87 86 879 887 897 90 909 97 97 99 9 97 96 969 97 999 00 0 09 0 07 04 049 06 067 079 08 089 09 9 7 6 67 69 8 87 9 0 09 7 9 7 9 7 99 0 07 9 9 4 47 9 6 7 7 89 9 407 4 4 449 47 46 46 467 469 49 499 7 7 9 9 4 47 7 9 7 8 8 9 607 6 67 6 6 67 64 69 67 67 677 69 697 70 709 79 77 7 79 76 767 769 779 79 797 80 8 8 8 847 8 8 86 877 88 889 907 9 97 99 9 99 9 94 947 967 989 400 400 4007 40 409 40 407 4049 40 407 407 4079 409 409 4099 4 47 49 4 49 4 47 49 477 40 4 47 49 49 4 44 44 4 49 46 47 47 48 489 497 47 47 49 449 47 46 47 49 497 4409 44 44 444 4447 44 447 446 448 448 449 407 4 47 49 4 447 449 46 467 48 49 497 460 46 467 469 464 4649 46 467 466 467 4679 469 470 47 47 479 47 47 479 478 4787 4789 479 4799 480 48 487 48 486 487 4877 4889 490 4909 499 49 49 497 494 49 497 4967 4969 497 4987 499 4999 00 009 0 0 0 09 0 09 077 08 087 099 0 07 9 47 67 7 79 89 97 09 7 7 6 7 79 8 97 0 09 47 8 87 9 99 407 4 47 49 4 47 44 44 449 47 477 479 48 0 0 07 9 7 7 6 69 7 8 9 6 69 64 647 6 6 67 69 669 68 689 69 70 7 77 77 74 74 749 779 78 79 80 807 8 8 87 89 84 849 8 87 86 867 869 879 88 897 90 9 97 99 9 98 987 6007 60 609 607 604 6047 60 6067 607 6079 6089 609 60 6 6 6 6 64 6 66 67 697 699 60 6 67 6 69 647 67 66 669 67 677 687 699 60 6 67 6 69 67 64 6 69 66 667 67 679 689 697 64 647 6449 64 6469 647

648 649 6 69 647 6 6 66 669 67 677 68 699 6607 669 667 66 669 666 667 6679 6689 669 670 670 6709 679 67 677 676 676 6779 678 679 679 680 68 687 689 68 684 687 686 6869 687 688 6899 6907 69 697 6947 6949 699 696 6967 697 6977 698 699 6997 700 70 709 707 709 704 707 7069 7079 70 709 7 77 79 7 79 777 787 79 707 7 7 79 79 77 74 747 7 78 797 707 709 7 7 7 749 7 769 79 74 747 74 74 747 749 7477 748 7487 7489 7499 707 77 7 79 77 74 747 749 79 76 77 777 78 789 79 760 7607 76 769 764 7649 7669 767 768 7687 769 7699 770 777 77 777 774 77 777 779 7789 779 787 78 789 784 78 7867 787 7877 7879 788 790 7907 799 797 79 797 7949 79 796 799 8009 80 807 809 80 809 8069 808 8087 8089 809 80 8 87 8 847 86 867 87 879 89 809 89 8 8 8 87 84 86 869 87 887 89 89 897 8 87 89 8 86 869 877 887 889 849 84 849 84 844 8447 846 8467 80 8 8 87 87 89 84 86 87 88 897 899 8609 86 867 869 864 8647 866 8669 8677 868 8689 869 8699 8707 87 879 87 877 874 8747 87 876 8779 878 880 8807 889 88 88 887 889 8849 886 886 8867 8887 889 89 899 89 894 89 896 8969 897 8999 900 9007 90 90 909 904 904 9049 909 9067 909 90 909 97 9 97 9 97 96 97 98 987 999 90 909 9 97 99 94 97 977 98 98 99 9 99 9 97 94 94 949 97 977 99 997 940 94 949 94 94 94 947 949 946 946 9467 947 9479 949 9497 9 9 9 99 947 9 987 960 96 969 96 969 96 964 9649 966 9677 9679 9689 9697 979 97 97 979 974 9749 9767 9769 978 9787 979 980 98 987 989 98 989 98 987 989 987 988 9887 990 9907 99 999 99 994 9949 9967 997