Synthesis of 5'-C- and 2'-O-substituted oligoribonucleotide analogues and evaluation of their pairing properties

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1 Research Collection Doctoral Thesis Synthesis of 5'-C- and 2'-O-substituted oligoribonucleotide analogues and evaluation of their pairing properties Author(s): Wu, Xiaolin Publication Date: 2000 Permanent Link: Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library

2 Diss. ETH No Synthesis of 5' C and 2' () Substituted Oligoribonucleotide Analogues and Evaluation of their Pairing Properties Submitted to the SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (ETH) Zürich for the degree of Doctor of Nature Sciences by XIA()LIN WlJ M.Sc from Zhongshan University Born on April 17, 1970 from Zhejiang, P.R. China Accepted on the Recommendation of Prof. Dr. A. Vasella, examiner Dr. S. Pitsch, supervisor, co-examiner Prof. Dr. B. Jaun, co-exarniner Zürich, Feb. 2000

3 I Summary A method for the preparation of oligoribonucleotide analogues containing hexofuranosyl nucleosides with additional functional groups tethered to the 6'-0-position was developed. Two additional metal-binding sites (an Laza 18-crown-6 and a triethyleneglycol moiety) were introduced into such nucleotides at the late stage of the phosphoramidite synthesis. By automated synthesis, these nucleoside analogues were efficiently incorporated into RNA sequences. The thermodynamic data of the duplex formation revealed that the presence of these two functional groups led to a significant stabilization of RNA duplexes presumably by a specific metal ion-mediated interaction. A solid-phase strategy for introduction of functional groups into oligoribonucleotides was realized by incorporating 6'-0-bromopentyl substituted allofuranosyl nucleosides into RNA sequences. This method allowed tbe efficient introduction of a variety of functional groups into RNAs by nucleophilic substitution. Four hammerhead ribozyme analogues carrying additional metal-binding sites were prepared by this method and their cleavaze activities were investiuated. Functionalization resulted in an ~ ~ enhancement of the RNA cleavage activity at low metal-ion concentrations (as compared to tbe parent ribozyme). A similar solid support functionalization of the 2'-0-position was achieved by incorporating 2'-0 bromopropyloxymethyl substituted or (2,3--expoxypropyloxy)methyl substituted nucleosides.

4 II Oligonucleotides carrymg additional (polar) 2'-0- [(2,3-dihydroxypropyloxy)methyl] substituents were prepared. The syntheses of the corresponding phosphoramidites were carried out by two routes: either by dihydroxylation of 2 1-O-allyloxymethyl substituted nucleosides or by alkylation of dimethoxytritylated, base-protected nucleosides. The thermodynamic studies of duplexes derived from these analogues in the presence of organic solvents was investigated. A significant increase of the duplex stabilities of these analogues in the presence of 40% dimethoxy ethane (DME) was observed. In the course of this project it was found that RNA-based pairing systems are much more tolerant towards the presence of certain organic solvents, than DNA-based pairing systems. Furthermore, it could be demonstrated that in the presence of 40% DME, base pairing is more selective than in aqueous solution.

5 Zusammenfassung Eine Methode für den Aufbau von Oligoribonukleotid-Analogen, die 6'-0 funktionalisierte Hexofuranosyl-Nukleoside enthalten, wurde entwickelt. Zwei zusätzliche Metallbindungsstellen (eine l-aza-iß-krone-ö- und eine 'I'riethylcnglykol-Einhcit) wurden in einem sehr späten Schritt der Synthese in solche Nukleosid-Analoge eingeführt. Diese konnten maschinell mit guter Ausbeute in RNA-Sequenzen eingebaut werden. Die Bestimmung der thermodynamischen Kenngrössen von entsprechenden Duplexen ergab eine signifikante Duplex-Stabilisierung durch die Anwesenheit der zusätzlichen Metallbindungsstellen, welche vermutlich aus einer spezifischen Metallinduzierten Wechselwirkung (zwischen den beiden Strängen) resultiert. Eine Festphasen-Methode für die Einführung von funktionellen Gruppen in Oligoribonukleotide wurde entwickelt; sie basiert auf dem Einbau von (unspezifisch vorfunktionalisierten) 6'-0-bromopentylsubstituierten Allofuranosyl-Nukleosiden in RNA Sequenzen. Diese Methode erlaubte eine ergiebige Funktionalisierung von Oligoribonukleotiden mit emer Vielzahl von Gruppen durch nukleophile Substitution. Vier "Hammerhead"-Ribozymanaloge mit zusätzlichen Metallbindungsstellen wurden mittels dieser Methode hergestellt und daraufhin bezüglich ihrer Spaltungsaktivität untersucht. Die eingeführten Funktionalisierungen führten zu einer Erhöhung der RNA-Spaltungsgeschwindigkeit (relativ.. zum natürlichen Ribozym), insbesondere bei emer genngen Metallionenkonzentration. Eine vergleichbare Festphase.n Funktonalisierung der 2 1-O-Position wurde durch die Entwicklung und den

6 II Einbau von 2'-0-Bromopropyloxymethyl- oder (2,3-Epoxypropyloxy) methyl-substituierten Nukleosiden erzielt. Oligonukleotide mit zusätzlichen (polaren) 2'-0 - [( 2,3 dihydroxypropyloxy)]methyl]-substituenten wurden hergestellt. Deren Synthese wurde entweder durch Dihydroxylierung von 2'-0 Allyloxymethyl-substituierten Nukleosiden oder durch Alkylierung von dimethoxytrityliertcn, basengeschützten Nukleosiden bewerkstelligt. Das Paarungsverhalten von solchen Analogen in Gegenwart von organischen Lösungsmitteln wurde untersucht. Eine deutliche Erhöhung der Duplexstabilitäten dieser Analogen in Gegenwart von 40% Dimethoxyethan (DME) wurde beobachtet. Im Rahmen dieses Projekts wurde gefunden, dass auf RNA basierende Paarungssysteme sich viel toleranter gegenüber gewissen Lösungsmitteln verhalten, als auf DNA basierende Paarungssysteme. Zusätzlich konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Selektivität der Paarung in Gegenwart von 40 % DME wesentlich grösser als in Wasser ist.

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